Chapter 14 Overview
Topic 1: Immigration
• Where were immigrants primarily from?
Explaining Immigration
Push Factors
• War
• Poverty
• Famine
• Religious Persecution
• Limited Opportunity
• Oppressive
Government
Pull Factors
• Job opportunities
• Available land
• Political & religious
freedom
• Family
• No compulsory
military service
Nativism
Topic 2: Industrialization
US Becomes Industrial Giant
Urbanization
Topic 3: The Cotton Kingdom
The Cotton Gin
1793—Eli Whitney
With a cotton gin, a
worker could clean
50 times more
cotton than by hand.
The Spread of Cotton Production
Increased Slavery
Table 3: Population of the South 1790-1860
*Source: Historical Statistics of the United States (1970)
Year
Free White
Population
Slave
Population
1790
1,240,454
654,121
1800
1,691,892
851,532
1810
2,118,144
1,103,700
1820
2,867,454
1,509,904
1830
3,614,600
1,983,860
1840
4,601,873
2,481,390
1850
6,184,477
3,200,364
1860
8,036,700
3,950,511
Topic 4: The Transportation
Revolution
Components of the Revolution
• Steamboats
• Canals
• Beginnings of
Railroads
• Roads & Turnpikes
• Clipper Ships
The Erie Canal
With its endpoints in Albany and Buffalo, New York’s Erie Canal
linked the young nation’s East and West. Canal travel
encouraged trade, tourism, and western farming and settlement.
After the canal opened in 1825, nearby cities and towns grew.
Topic 5: The Market Revolution
• The market revolution transformed a
subsistence economy of scattered farms
and tiny workshops into a national network
of industry and commerce (p. 317).
Effects of the Market Revolution
• Standards of living rose
• People were more affected by market
fluctuations
• Income inequalities increased (rich-poor
gap grew)
• The home became less a center of
production and more of a haven for
families.
Topic 6: Women in Changing Times
• The Cult of Domesticity or Cult of True Womanhood
(named such by its detractors, hence the pejorative use of
the word "cult") was a prevailing view during the
Jacksonian Era, in the United States. It is the belief that a
woman's role in marriage was to:
– Maintain the home as a refuge for her husband
– Train the children
– Set a moral example for children to follow
– True women were expected to possess four virtues:
piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity.
• The Cult of Domesticity identified the home as the
"separate, proper sphere" for women, who were seen as
better suited to parenting.
• Reaction to these standards led to the Seneca Falls
Convention in 1848
[Adapted from Wikipedia]