Welcome to
Web Ping-Pong
Introduction
• What
– Solution to slow web syndrome
• Why
– Information needs to reach destination
– Accuracy
• Time
• Connection
A Short History of the WEB:
PREHISTORY
• The development of hypertext, or the
computer-aided reading of electronic
documents
• The development of the Internet protocols
which made the global network possible
1957- USSR launched the first
artificial earth satellite Sputnik
• 1965-Douglas Engelbart produces 1st
hypertext system
• 1975-Alan Kay produces the 1st personal
computer (later Apple Macintosh)
• 1979-Charles Goldfarb invents SGML, as
we know today HTML is the mark-up
language of the Web, curiously HTML is an
SGML application
1986-OSI protocols are
introduced
• 1987-CERN and US Laboratories connect
to the Internet as the main means of
exchanging data between laboratories
• 1989-Tim Berners-Lee proposes a
“networked” Hypertext system for CERN
• 1990-the name ‘‘World-Wide-Web” is born
• 1991-SLAC, Stanford Linear Accelerator
Center in California becomes the 1st Web
server in the USA
• 1992- world has 50 servers
• 1993- world has 250 servers
1994-Jim Clark founds MCC
(later Netscape)--2500 servers
• 1995-at one point 700 servers per day are
registered, to date 73500 servers
• 1996-various ISP’s suffer outages, bringing
into question whether they will be able to
handle the growing number of users
• 1997-early morning July 17, human error at
Network Solutions causes DNS. table for
.com and .net to become corrupted
SUMMARY
• by the end of 1991, the Internet has grown
to include:
• 5,000 networks
in 36 countries
serving 700,000 host computers
used by over 4 million people
TODAY, the Internet has grown
to include:
• approximately 135,000 networks
• in over 170 countries
• serving approximately 30 million host
computers
• used by over 148 million people
• the world now has approximately 2.2
million servers
People Care!!!
People Use!!
Current Connection Map
Current Network Issues
• Age
• Modernization
– Cost
– Time
• Rural vs. Urban
• Responsibility
• Future Forecast
– Better, Faster, Cheaper!
Possible Improvements
• Smart Hardware
• Smart Software
– Less Data Transferred
– Pre-Pinging Paths
• Pre-Pinging
– How Used Today
– How it works
Current Message
Path
2
Path with
Pinging
Web Usage
• There are approximately 184 million people
using the Internet (84.4% in the USA)
• 32.7% use it 10-20 hours a week while
26.4% use it more then 20
• Wisconsin accounts for about 1.5% of the
web usage world wide
Where Used
• Over half of the Web access is done in
homes. This is an increase of 2% from last
year
• 37% of access is from an office
• 6% is from a portable computer (i.e. laptop)
Modem speeds
• 75% have a connection speed of 28.8 to
56K
• Only 16% have a T1 connection or better
Growth
• In 1991 NSFNET switched from a T1
connection installed 3 years earlier to a T3.
This was before the Internet was introduced
to the general public.
• Only 39% of the population have been
hooked up to the Web for more then 3
years. 45% for 1-3
S up e rio r
W IS C O N S IN
R ic e L a k e
W a usa u
E a u C la ire
G re e n B a y
M e no m o n ie
A p p le to n
M a n ito w o c
N e e na h
L a C ro s s e
S te ve ns P o int
F o nd d u L a c
S he b o y ga n
L e g e n d (po p u lat io n)
L a rg e C it ie s
(2 7 ,0 0 0 -6 2 8,0 0 0 )
M a d is o n
M ilw a u k e e
M e d iu m C it ie s
(3 7 ,0 0 0 -9 6,0 0 0 )
S m a ll C it ie s
(1 2 ,0 0 0 -8 0,0 0 0 )
R a c ine
J a ne sv ille
K e no s ha
Menomonie
Wausau
15 19
30
22 25
Stevens
Eau Claire
15
Point
19
25 29
La Crosse
30 32
7
22
3
Madison
Neenah
26
7
15 19
1
33
Controlled Map
Milwaukee
U0
8
10
V5
V1
16
13
7
V6
V7
9
17
11
V4
V2
5
14
V3
L(u0)
0
V1
V2
V3
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -) (13, u0) (∞, -)
(18, v5) (13, u0) (25, v5)
(18, v5)
(25, v5)
(18, v5)
(20, v4)
(20, v4)
V4
V5
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(16, u0) (8, u0)
(15, v5)
(15, v5)
V6
V7
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
(∞, -)
Add
to S
U0
V5
V2
V4
V3
V1
Menomonie
Wausau
15 19
30
22 25
Stevens
Eau Claire
15
Point
19
25 29
La Crosse
30 32
7
22
3
Madison
Neenah
26
7
15 19
1
33
Controlled Map
Milwaukee
Path Results
Menomonie to Neenah
• Typical Traffic
• Total Weight 64
• Quickest Path
– Eau Claire-La Crosse
– Madison-Milwaukee
– Neenah*
• Pinging Included
• Total Weight 81
• Quickest Path
– Eau Claire-La Crosse
– Madison-Neenah*
Note: Shortest Path!!
Conclusions from Data
• Shift away from Big Cities/Hubs
• # vertices down VS length increase
– More direct path
– heavier traffic
• Less Hubs = less smart hardware
• Traffic increase is a given with Pinging, but
there are so many more path options with
total weight lower in the current network
that these paths are a better solution then
with pinging included in the network.
• Amount of traffic increases too high to
offer benefits in overall global network !
Conclusion
• Pre-Pinging Not Cure
– Not efficient in Small or Big
• Cost Issues
– Hardware
– Software
– Size, Time Issues
• Politics
– Government
– Telecommunications World
Bibliography
• Irvin Hause– Ameritic Telephone man >20years, Owner Wolf River
Communications
• World Wide Web
– http://info.isoc.org/guest/zakon/internet/history/
– http://www.isoc.org/internet-history/cerf.html
– http://www.inria.fr/actualites/cailiau-fra.html
• Graph Theory Book
• Dr. Wu
• ADC Instructional Resource Material