United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Pacific Northwest
Research Station
General Technical
Report
PNW-GTR-770
August 2008
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and
Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests,
1965–2007
Debra D. Warren
The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the
principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry
research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the national forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by
Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or
part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice
and TDD).
To file a complaint of discrimination write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,
1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 7953272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
Author
Debra D. Warren is an economist, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Suite 400,
620 SW Main, Portland, OR 97208-3890.
Abstract
Warren, Debra D. 2008. Harvest, employment, exports, and prices in Pacific
Northwest forests, 1965–2007. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-770. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 17 p.
Provides historical information on log harvest; employment in the forest industries;
international trade in logs, lumber, and chips; and volume and average prices of
sawtimber stumpage sold by national forests.
Keywords: Log harvest, employment (forest products industries), exports
(forest products), and stumpage prices.
Summary
The following tables have been compiled from historical publications of “Production, Prices, Employment, and Trade in Northwest Forest Industries” (1968-2007).1
This report presents data from 1965 through 2007 for the Pacific Northwest forest
industries. In most industries, dramatic changes are shown through the years. In the
Oregon and Washington harvest statistics, high peaks occurred in 1968 and 1973,
and the lowest harvests were in 1998 for Oregon and in 2006 for Washington.
Employment in the forest industries has continued to steadily decline. Enormous
changes are shown in log exports from the Pacific Northwest: highest volumes were
in 1988 and 1989, and now the volumes are back to the 1960s level. The chip market remained fairly steady in volume, with prices hitting their peaks in 1995. The
lumber exports (like the logs) peaked in 1988 and 1989, but the total average prices
were highest in 2006. The national forest sawtimber volume was highest in 1970
and dropped off to the lowest in 2000 with only 155 million board feet.
1
See Austin 1968–70, Darr 1970–72, Hamilton 1964–68, Holt 1972–74,
Ruderman 1974–85, and Warren 1985–2007.
Tables
Table 1—Oregon timber harvest by ownership, 1965–2007
Table 2—Washington timber harvest by ownership, 1965–2007
Table 3—Employment in forest products industries in Washington and Oregon,
1965–2007
Table 4—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the Seattle
Customs District to all countries, by species, 1965–2007
Table 5—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the ColumbiaSnake Customs District to all countries, by species, 1965–2007
Table 6—Volume and average value of chips exported from the Oregon and
Washington Customs Districts, 1965–2007
Table 7—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Seattle
Customs District to all countries, by species, 1965–2007
Table 8—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the
Columbia-Snake Customs District to all countries, by species, 1965–2007
Table 9—Volume of sawtimber sold on national forests, by selected species, Pacific
Northwest Region, 1965–2007
Table 10—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold on national forests, by
selected species, Pacific Northwest Region, 1965–2007
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2007
Table 1—Oregon timber harvest by ownership, 1965–2006
Year
Private
State
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
4,034
4,123
3,833
4,354
4,165
3,874
4,230
3,919
3,610
3,822
3,781
3,561
3,590
3,549
3,209
3,134
2,702
3,440
3,374
3,078
3,332
3,494
3,281
3,259
3,721
3,229
3,312
3,581
3,608
3,244
3,432
3,018
3,133
2,840
3,014
3,167
2,905
3,319
3,313
3,606
3,495
3,596
254
184
127
161
200
150
158
246
288
225
160
203
228
235
223
186
216
175
257
249
268
225
199
270
198
137
91
135
116
130
109
115
176
141
246
255
268
269
293
291
341
296
National
forest
Bureau
of Land
Management
Bureau
of Indian
Affairs
Million board feet, Scribner scale
3,781
1,240
74
3,269
1,244
60
3,181
1,092
110
3,642
1,470
100
3,464
1,206
92
2,832
1,037
79
3,197
1,340
87
3,944
1,419
80
3,836
1,501
36
3,163
1,025
11
2,661
626
123
3,174
1,082
108
2,913
1,021
115
3,235
1,039
121
3,167
956
111
2,399
797
105
1,981
677
95
1,688
312
126
2,902
789
112
3,164
920
101
3,480
891
121
3,850
1,042
104
3,451
1,115
117
3,487
1,439
121
3,307
1,026
124
2,014
704
98
2,068
486
87
1,403
483
111
1,102
361
75
596
92
80
515
139
79
401
289
71
523
136
79
333
122
71
233
150
68
245
83
62
135
38
63
166
55
71
203
78
63
337
96
79
275
121
61
216
131
56
Other
public
11
41
14
16
23
10
16
22
95
15
20
25
11
22
29
19
24
17
31
38
34
28
52
39
44
37
36
29
31
25
30
29
35
25
49
42
30
42
52
42
61
34
Total
9,394
8,921
8,357
9,743
9,150
7,982
9,028
9,630
9,366
8,361
7,371
8,153
7,876
7,997
7,694
6,639
5,695
5,758
7,464
7,550
8,127
8,743
8,215
8,615
8,420
6,219
6,080
5,742
5,294
4,167
4,304
3,923
4,081
3,532
3,759
3,854
3,440
3,922
4,002
4,451
4,355
4,328
Source: Oregon Department of Forestry 1965–2007.
1
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-770
Table 2—Washington timber harvest by ownership, 1965–2006
Year
Private
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
3,591
3,460
3,311
3,856
4,230
4,045
3,946
4,015
4,728
4,337
4,062
4,414
4,068
4,036
4,068
3,507
3,266
3,740
4,025
3,545
3,561
3,989
4,367
4,406
4,520
4,147
3,650
3,844
3,321
3,421
3,489
3,274
3,139
3,044
3,246
3,131
2,818
2,722
2,697
2,754
2,609
2,528
a
State
685
538
467
681
744
602
722
1,004
998
685
540
766
797
955
1,095
745
468
440
548
795
1,013
1,064
970
826
842
657
535
476
461
323
496
600
645
546
662
559
496
457
567
588
594
404
National
forest
Bureau
of Indian
Affairs
Million board feet, Scribner scale
1,720
1
460
1,573
4
431
1,599
3
466
1,795
4
530
1,519
2
421
1,378
3
368
1,261
4
416
1,488
3
489
1,613
1
445
1,290
0
452
1,098
1
419
1,214
3
516
1,171
4
477
1,261
3
460
a
1,276
432
1,089
0
336
875
1
260
728
1
152
1,240
8
238
1,189
1
205
1,128
5
213
1,232
4
235
1,423
5
238
1,486
0
271
1,141
1
262
817
4
182
704
1
172
a
461
186
a
322
192
a
200
199
a
150
230
a
182
270
a
166
226
a
111
275
a
117
334
a
81
334
a
68
324
a
72
319
a
80
161
a
96
456
a
81
415
a
75
418
Less than 1 million board feet.
Source: Washington Department of Natural Resources.
2
Bureau
of Land
Management
Other
public
Total
65
69
90
105
88
63
101
82
24
112
65
55
75
36
98
43
20
18
28
57
43
32
35
56
22
42
42
51
33
14
26
40
44
46
24
24
11
12
34
52
32
59
6,522
6,075
5,936
6,971
7,004
6,459
6,450
7,081
7,809
6,876
6,185
6,968
6,592
6,751
6,969
5,720
4,890
5,079
6,087
5,792
5,963
6,556
7,037
7,045
6,788
5,849
5,104
5,018
4,330
4,156
4,392
4,366
4,221
4,022
4,383
4,130
3,717
3,582
3,539
3,946
3,731
3,484
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2007
Table 3—Employment in forest products industries in Washington and Oregon, 1965–2007
Washington and Oregon
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Total
148.4
148.0
141.8
147.1
145.3
138.2
141.2
150.2
155.3
152.1
137.2
150.9
159.2
159.3
159.0
144.1
135.6
120.4
128.7
132.9
126.1
126.0
131.9
135.6
135.1
130.8
120.7
117.6
115.2
117.5
116.1
111.6
112.0
110.4
Lumber
wood
products
121.1
119.6
113.4
118.3
116.2
109.0
113.8
122.5
127.9
124.5
110.8
123.4
131.4
136.5
133.4
116.1
108.1
94.6
103.7
107.7
100.9
100.6
105.8
109.6
108.2
103.6
93.5
90.8
89.4
91.1
89.7
86.0
87.3
85.9
Paper
allied
products
27.3
28.4
28.4
28.8
29.1
29.2
27.4
27.7
27.4
27.6
26.4
27.5
27.8
22.8
25.6
28.0
27.5
25.8
25.0
25.2
25.2
25.4
26.2
26.0
27.0
27.2
27.2
26.8
25.8
26.3
26.4
25.6
24.7
24.5
Washington
Total
Lumber
wood
products
Oregon
Paper
allied
products
Thousands of persons
66.7
46.9
19.8
66.9
46.6
20.3
63.9
44.0
19.9
65.9
45.9
20.0
65.2
45.2
20.0
62.0
42.2
19.8
61.5
43.4
18.1
65.5
47.3
18.2
66.8
49.1
17.7
67.3
49.7
17.6
60.4
43.8
16.6
68.4
51.0
17.4
71.6
53.9
17.7
69.1
55.1
14.0
68.4
52.6
15.8
64.1
46.5
17.6
61.6
44.4
17.2
55.2
39.0
16.2
56.8
41.1
15.7
57.2
41.0
16.2
53.4
37.3
16.0
53.1
36.7
16.4
56.5
39.2
17.3
58.8
41.7
17.1
59.0
41.1
17.9
58.0
39.9
18.1
54.3
36.4
17.9
54.3
36.5
17.8
52.8
36.1
16.7
53.9
36.7
17.2
52.8
35.5
17.4
52.3
35.5
16.9
51.7
35.4
16.3
51.9
35.6
16.3
Total
Lumber
wood
products
Paper
allied
products
81.7
81.1
77.9
81.2
80.1
76.2
79.7
84.7
88.5
84.8
76.8
82.5
87.6
90.2
90.6
80.0
74.0
65.2
71.9
75.7
72.7
72.9
75.4
76.8
76.1
72.8
66.4
63.3
62.5
63.6
63.3
59.3
60.3
58.5
74.2
73.0
69.4
72.4
71.0
66.8
70.4
75.2
78.8
74.8
67.0
72.4
77.5
81.4
80.8
69.6
63.7
55.6
62.6
66.7
63.6
63.9
66.5
67.9
67.0
63.7
57.1
54.3
53.4
54.5
54.2
50.6
51.9
50.3
7.5
8.1
8.5
8.8
9.1
9.4
9.3
9.5
9.7
10.0
9.8
10.1
10.1
8.8
9.8
10.4
10.3
9.6
9.3
9.0
9.1
9.0
8.9
8.9
9.1
9.1
9.3
9.0
9.1
9.1
9.1
8.7
8.4
8.2
3
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-770
Table 3—Employment in forest products industries in Washington and Oregon, 1965–2007 (continued)
Washington and Oregon
Year
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Total
107.0
105.9
99.9
98.7
82.5
81.6
84.3
82.8
78.4
Lumber
wood
products
83.0
82.4
77.5
78.2
62.4
61.9
65.5
64.4
61.1
Paper
allied
products
24.0
23.5
22.4
20.5
20.1
19.7
18.8
18.4
17.4
Washington
Total
Lumber
wood
products
Oregon
Paper
allied
products
Thousands of persons
49.8
34.0
15.7
49.0
33.4
15.6
46.4
31.5
14.9
45.5
32.3
13.2
36.8
23.5
13.3
35.7
23.0
12.7
37.5
25.3
12.2
37.3
25.4
11.9
35.4
24.2
11.2
Total
Lumber
wood
products
57.3
56.9
53.5
53.2
45.7
45.9
46.8
45.5
43.1
49.0
49.0
46.0
45.9
38.9
38.9
40.2
39.0
36.9
Paper
allied
products
8.3
7.9
7.5
7.3
6.8
7.0
6.6
6.5
6.2
Source: Oregon Employment Department 1965–2007, the lumber and wood products industry includes logging, lumber, plywood, poles
and pilings, and miscellaneous wood products. The paper and allied products industry includes pulp, paper, paperboard, and building
board products. Data are based on place of residence.
4
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2007
Table 4—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the Seattle Customs District to all countries,
by species, 1965–2007
Total
Year
Volume
Douglas-fir
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Western hemlock
Volume
Other softwoods
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Million board feet, value in dollars per thousand board feet
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
618
720
1,069
1,321
1,309
1,579
1,320
1,907
1,833
1,424
1,427
1,793
1,675
1,916
2,250
1,699
1,316
1,597
1,740
1,789
1,879
1,739
2,064
2,295
2,357
1,932
1,548
1,394
958
891
999
917
599
477
72.13
77.52
83.71
97.69
112.75
122.52
123.00
132.57
245.41
263.40
263.91
273.43
314.30
332.89
440.68
491.73
429.80
378.94
333.67
321.87
312.41
317.55
369.69
450.04
443.37
524.97
544.62
649.07
952.85
912.42
856.28
848.00
807.84
686.36
65
80
173
252
258
308
294
566
555
405
437
528
556
620
732
645
579
730
796
847
844
766
983
1,217
1,158
1,077
834
761
558
584
574
644
377
347
68.87
73.25
80.32
98.62
113.73
120.00
119.35
129.17
217.52
255.84
255.94
268.98
308.29
342.70
453.14
492.57
460.85
410.40
341.97
332.76
329.10
335.18
380.10
450.87
489.66
550.04
588.90
761.13
1,036.09
1,006.03
1,034.48
945.52
901.56
762.40
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
1,247
880
624
765
824
829
939
879
965
922
1,030
718
623
557
345
263
354
233
192
91
409.17
469.21
391.35
345.12
312.24
299.56
289.12
330.25
337.39
427.90
373.67
486.61
481.21
498.42
836.42
726.97
619.71
595.03
627.12
521.67
553
640
896
1,069
1,052
1,271
1,025
1,341
1,278
1,019
990
1,265
1,118
1,296
270
175
113
102
119
113
95
94
115
156
169
138
92
76
55
45
71
40
31
40
72.51
78.06
84.36
97.22
112.50
123.13
124.05
134.00
257.52
266.40
267.43
275.29
317.26
328.21
552.23
602.07
482.47
407.83
426.69
404.06
393.88
453.02
551.91
574.52
558.47
528.77
572.24
629.61
837.66
778.21
596.66
752.06
784.23
396.70
5
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-770
Table 4—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the Seattle Customs District to all countries,
by species, 1965–2007 (continued)
Total
Year
Volume
Douglas-fir
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Western hemlock
Volume
Average
value
Other softwoods
Volume
Average
value
Million board feet, value in dollars per thousand board feet
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
a
435
360
290
239
177
226
195
204
313
692.07
765.44
632.60
608.71
587.23
736.74
786.77
772.73
625.92
322
280
208
177
121
154
135
135
133
748.75
836.08
726.31
644.00
667.34
836.64
874.25
918.10
842.57
Prior to 1979, western hemlock was included in “Other softwoods.”
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 1965–2007.
6
85
51
41
40
36
38
25
16
70
515.93
544.73
436.18
445.39
389.33
460.64
555.01
515.95
530.13
28
29
41
23
20
34
35
53
109
573.47
470.60
354.08
617.30
397.26
590.67
552.86
483.97
422.45
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2007
Table 5—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the Columbia-Snake Customs District to all
countries, by species, 1965–2007
Total
Year
Volume
Douglas-fir
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Western hemlock
Volume
Other softwoods
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
283
389
502
653
561
637
517
730
806
766
798
944
881
931
984
933
671
971
852
933
1,125
1,041
1,104
1,387
1,257
1,076
994
788
750
681
606
586
443
391
91.36
92.70
99.97
112.72
128.39
137.29
137.16
145.05
303.63
310.21
284.61
301.73
340.94
380.48
496.62
507.50
472.80
422.12
366.21
351.44
342.58
362.45
436.96
499.59
539.73
620.26
606.18
754.11
1,024.97
1,044.36
1,080.47
1,049.50
912.16
743.58
45
48
93
116
99
144
122
201
309
311
329
418
410
520
577
617
438
698
621
722
905
845
861
1,062
876
786
741
635
613
585
540
547
413
372
73.44
80.54
76.91
85.78
97.29
110.08
118.55
119.91
140.75
286.66
291.51
275.20
298.10
340.51
387.37
506.62
513.91
478.88
430.85
366.69
348.59
341.00
367.70
438.92
498.91
581.52
637.93
784.24
1,055.45
1,053.58
1,104.61
1,062.44
918.05
743.09
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
229
242
184
232
187
167
173
154
185
242
321
224
195
117
109
72
50
26
21
10
538.65
434.54
364.40
341.04
313.29
300.80
295.28
290.90
346.87
405.42
338.15
469.02
446.77
508.84
784.21
779.12
728.06
702.94
668.74
577.54
238
341
409
537
462
493
395
529
497
455
469
526
471
411
178
74
49
41
44
44
47
42
58
83
60
66
58
36
28
24
16
13
9
9
93.45
94.82
103.20
115.99
132.33
142.70
142.61
146.66
314.04
323.09
291.54
304.82
340.89
372.38
408.65
690.05
827.71
733.41
580.89
594.86
547.45
522.40
692.24
784.22
1,009.60
920.76
885.12
1,029.58
1,290.32
1,622.50
1,316.13
1,253.23
1,259.89
925.22
7
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-770
Table 5—Volume and average value of softwood log exports from the Columbia-Snake Customs District to all
countries, by species, 1965–2007 (continued)
Total
Year
Volume
Douglas-fir
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Western hemlock
Volume
Average
value
Other softwoods
Volume
Average
value
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
a
359
399
352
360
385
396
341
330
361
793.62
849.34
748.44
693.21
690.55
810.20
837.49
878.60
739.74
347
389
346
357
367
387
339
323
339
792.89
847.33
749.21
690.48
690.33
813.50
836.35
884.06
755.68
Prior to 1979, western hemlock was included in “Other softwoods.”
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 1965–2007.
8
6
5
5
2
2
2
1
2
19
587.74
586.81
483.92
611.30
458.51
453.27
620.80
453.88
454.80
6
5
1
1
16
7
1
5
3
1,126.00
1,341.40
1,871.00
2,057.00
657.50
667.00
1,569.00
748.60
693.37
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2007
Table 6—Volume and average value of chips exported from the ColumbiaSnake and Seattle Customs Districts, 1965–2007
Columbia-Snake Customs District
Year
Volume
Average
value
Seattle Customs District
Volume
Average
value
Short tons, on a dry-weight basis; value in dollars per short ton
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
91,646
219,181
603,314
1,102,669
1,460,669
1,605,062
1,504,169
2,081,032
2,778,829
3,177,465
2,436,807
2,881,577
2,892,333
2,650,423
3,125,103
2,849,927
2,076,612
1,914,439
1,668,971
1,632,815
1,626,490
1,577,739
1,852,920
2,015,988
2,252,282
2,081,199
2,141,958
1,766,502
1,544,904
1,563,772
1,329,590
1,230,966
1,247,092
1,076,786
1,024,223
992,062
856,164
893,184
760,965
744,356
918,475
841,646
863,947
19.74
19.68
19.75
20.25
21.10
19.31
20.94
22.12
24.85
26.50
34.74
39.90
43.33
42.98
42.55
88.44
85.51
83.31
68.17
70.96
74.22
72.02
72.75
78.06
96.73
95.84
104.73
106.84
104.28
102.46
130.04
108.51
89.54
96.78
82.64
94.01
96.58
84.31
82.39
75.89
83.71
92.67
119.43
0
0
0
112,132
160,165
238,757
229,237
168,725
272,196
390,370
326,083
457,801
281,540
299,140
346,209
268,103
296,461
328,374
247,935
216,089
276,054
446,226
464,426
681,811
800,563
744,397
681,161
583,141
588,564
755,872
542,694
589,989
611,888
835,594
753,147
461,874
353,074
262,395
252,050
330,760
421,042
198,292
410,625
0
0
0
22.23
24.52
19.56
17.87
19.56
21.84
28.62
38.56
33.39
49.17
46.16
50.05
79.53
80.74
79.27
74.24
76.89
76.16
73.97
79.06
89.24
85.20
95.51
103.10
101.28
95.63
75.78
113.24
95.97
72.28
62.27
60.51
78.54
86.00
71.10
82.58
62.28
61.44
47.57
48.48
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 1965–2007.
9
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-770
Table 7—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Seattle Customs District to all countries,
by species, 1965–2007
Total
Year
Volume
Douglas-fir
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Western hemlock
Volume
Average
value
Other softwoods
Volume
Average
value
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
10
96
98
111
104
106
136
130
164
325
332
264
312
257
310
414
522
468
473
553
423
424
747
918
1,047
1,002
886
761
617
582
536
567
568
538
282
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
177.86
211.88
242.67
220.36
260.23
278.19
290.19
401.51
324.62
332.62
301.01
301.26
314.01
308.35
329.03
345.41
346.21
364.27
424.64
449.31
491.47
580.01
637.48
648.97
687.84
660.69
609.74
62
63
68
66
70
76
89
100
144
174
152
155
124
129
99
107
139
117
152
121
106
193
234
330
348
300
271
244
236
238
267
299
201
99
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
195.96
262.75
267.93
228.52
280.33
291.17
309.81
471.86
361.19
360.84
308.04
297.07
322.95
323.13
348.17
370.78
363.75
302.90
438.20
472.43
529.45
635.89
704.12
692.72
748.39
762.45
657.84
9
3
5
6
2
12
10
22
105
79
52
95
92
118
211
271
173
237
223
162
184
355
458
426
366
293
254
209
161
146
149
148
63
25
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
98.99
166.56
205.45
191.93
217.02
242.18
266.70
371.57
310.48
322.81
291.53
317.28
304.50
313.75
320.86
343.77
348.28
403.99
416.25
424.13
415.66
539.22
639.14
641.22
642.48
713.26
728.43
25
32
38
33
34
47
32
43
76
78
60
62
41
63
104
144
156
119
177
140
134
199
226
291
288
294
236
163
185
152
151
120
274
158
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
176.10
178.33
224.26
224.40
275.88
320.55
294.06
395.90
324.13
318.31
313.02
284.66
317.24
289.26
325.01
321.98
323.32
408.18
421.18
449.84
531.85
544.22
531.39
579.33
593.20
573.92
560.64
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2007
Table 7—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Seattle Customs District to all countries,
by species, 1965–2007 (continued)
Total
Year
Volume
Douglas-fir
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Western hemlock
Volume
Average
value
Other softwoods
Volume
Average
value
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
238
263
201
180
194
139
128
145
196
667.69
605.06
603.65
615.67
650.94
708.16
749.90
788.71
771.84
89
72
47
49
45
31
37
64
104
696.10
694.90
638.86
628.82
616.71
730.31
809.29
797.96
777.40
30
20
10
6
6
12
5
5
10
852.32
700.01
497.93
416.62
500.13
495.28
588.46
538.29
496.03
118
171
143
125
143
95
87
76
82
598.95
556.44
599.34
620.60
667.65
727.15
733.82
796.32
796.31
NA = not available.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 1965–2007.
11
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-770
Table 8—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Columbia-Snake Customs District to
all countries, by species, 1965–2007
Total
Year
Volume
Douglas-fir
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Western hemlock
Volume
Average
value
Other softwoods
Volume
Average
value
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
12
242
237
246
273
246
274
204
242
475
388
353
387
292
275
426
463
466
415
469
526
482
404
535
771
942
693
669
560
493
412
454
443
332
187
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
229.39
309.68
318.98
295.09
365.57
394.31
443.46
631.60
561.77
441.75
434.95
418.66
376.39
357.69
415.74
456.08
434.96
506.07
566.07
574.47
621.01
735.58
816.39
763.18
790.00
763.69
735.17
223
215
217
238
216
228
179
222
389
323
263
323
249
245
328
342
312
302
361
375
321
271
361
463
598
443
455
413
367
301
342
357
198
123
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
236.06
327.79
332.98
315.86
384.21
412.17
452.34
699.47
623.19
470.44
460.46
445.80
404.05
389.09
458.75
495.76
495.40
555.17
630.19
625.94
651.75
764.90
856.33
771.91
824.08
857.46
793.15
11
9
9
5
9
22
12
9
65
45
73
51
33
17
69
68
95
70
72
96
118
97
109
162
170
110
117
72
51
45
39
24
14
7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
112.13
188.54
223.32
216.16
225.95
236.43
265.25
393.73
357.18
379.24
292.09
272.89
259.55
265.39
299.18
345.85
373.35
428.19
448.56
438.65
480.55
575.84
661.62
630.34
635.64
546.54
568.05
8
13
20
29
21
24
13
11
21
20
16
13
10
13
29
53
59
44
37
55
43
36
65
145
173
141
98
75
75
66
73
62
121
56
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
189.95
349.63
306.82
315.10
449.34
469.56
499.35
542.65
426.36
390.55
486.70
478.61
391.65
375.97
406.41
420.01
311.29
412.88
456.02
497.84
587.10
700.60
739.60
793.66
655.26
636.06
630.70
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2007
Table 8—Volume and average value of softwood lumber exports from the Columbia-Snake Customs District to
all countries, by species, 1965–2007 (continued)
Total
Year
Volume
Douglas-fir
Average
value
Volume
Average
value
Western hemlock
Volume
Average
value
Other softwoods
Volume
Average
value
Million board feet; value in dollars per thousand board feet
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
201
201
111
69
61
52
24
26
36
757.15
744.92
765.45
713.31
721.59
834.77
808.96
838.57
659.18
136
138
84
41
33
33
10
12
12
819.71
837.92
785.14
750.72
823.03
946.86
1,187.10
1,164.87
993.00
15
14
5
8
11
5
4
1
1
634.94
531.41
386.60
422.54
370.22
363.63
355.60
614.39
807.79
51
49
22
19
17
14
9
14
23
624.50
543.71
775.77
759.88
746.24
751.05
596.29
573.18
474.54
NA = not available.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 1965–2007.
13
14
1,918,578
1,966,836
1,819,760
2,040,381
1,831,821
2,062,934
1,662,483
1,985,962
1,614,694
1,735,849
1,859,458
1,268,830
1,714,208
1,862,836
1,945,657
2,036,853
1,944,177
1,837,759
1,773,547
1,740,340
1,491,475
2,094,394
1,876,085
1,790,538
599,527
1,931,649
124,078
131,359
113,985
59,333
161,107
66,447
61,852
31,883
18,922
23
12,326
24,665
20,523
8,969
3,582
0
0
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
314,346
296,528
317,393
358,069
295,218
367,393
298,849
262,267
287,848
305,767
326,002
230,006
268,450
372,649
390,267
318,056
336,430
260,715
295,243
276,669
236,592
386,494
286,167
289,044
222,795
269,703
94,537
70,198
43,974
37,560
72,291
319,093
179,294
115,978
92,888
63,493
55,614
110,040
191,225
201,727
214,629
237,614
286,868
East
side
Ponderosa
776,602
774,379
760,936
698,117
652,647
837,457
771,152
754,423
750,289
700,673
854,923
629,486
761,204
837,907
822,590
706,859
764,421
667,280
662,176
646,407
587,990
814,884
680,770
643,546
452,393
513,635
211,308
113,187
150,418
21,418
87,349
89,490
55,173
90,082
58,382
34,857
21,642
28,268
32,050
121,327
66,758
58,122
60,965
and Jeffrey
pines
26,395
35,211
33,317
42,421
36,377
42,367
34,855
33,772
44,969
35,603
31,110
21,120
31,474
40,184
32,775
33,676
31,104
30,926
22,116
25,137
30,312
29,709
34,524
39,436
17,288
25,035
1,050
1,328
2,886
1,847
2,885
15,443
2,086
299
380
157
19
0
462
3,897
0
7
0
Sugar
pine
38,855
37,706
58,417
34,938
83,936
90,768
42,750
29,637
16,525
24,696
30,931
28,891
22,352
15,461
15,367
14,773
10,725
11,902
11,005
11,670
11,366
20,618
10,593
10,917
5,891
6,581
561
695
178
332
985
824
2,560
535
898
0
0
19
25
25
24
127
19
White
pine
Engelmannn
spruce
Sitka
spruce
Western
hemlock
40,571
49,107
111,995
71,794
92,132
125,942
42,135
95,781
124,607
62,862
81,713
60,821
109,875
63,415
138,898
122,721
125,794
130,687
129,753
144,280
109,264
93,677
80,925
136,398
69,981
158,096
86,157
73,563
20,082
31,501
31,194
34,968
17,884
41,860
33,223
15,880
35,418
23,311
22,887
13,394
13,919
33,937
27,325
9,122
10,819
11,377
12,695
7,729
23,387
16,028
9,967
7,870
7,149
12,955
7,453
7,961
23,894
16,149
20,047
11,121
17,560
15,462
12,365
19,164
21,984
27,906
39,222
30,314
24,965
11,480
1,600
4,356
1,816
1,568
1,870
82
47
196
7
669
0
958
12
819
1,334
454
16,069
7,196
12,725
14,025
9,890
12,161
17,050
11,956
18,410
13,690
16,842
4,824
14,097
14,592
15,321
19,775
17,828
13,430
7,025
8,389
11,981
14,166
9,573
10,232
2,358
3,360
322
251
61
45
176
279
1,186
937
7
10
0
1,094
5
294
0
0
0
718,479
755,726
609,780
745,522
671,723
699,558
628,716
688,977
653,910
677,822
745,569
576,844
708,569
676,873
796,519
671,012
711,204
673,672
564,168
536,458
413,541
698,341
495,796
330,541
100,717
278,068
41,324
39,227
7,272
9,454
29,358
32,291
24,553
17,235
10,241
182
7,954
11,408
33,855
23,232
20,323
19,021
36,795
Thousand board feet, Scribner scale
Lodgepole
pine
Source: USDA Forest Service, 1965–2007; Includes Oregon and Washington and a small portion of northern California.
West
side
Douglas-fir
99,165
116,614
96,234
112,993
110,919
124,067
96,814
115,783
102,885
72,024
110,711
71,443
105,596
105,477
129,712
126,567
115,513
122,696
116,264
95,038
75,697
123,268
103,239
99,038
33,950
71,847
8,551
6,696
3,596
3,126
8,012
3,326
2,243
2,204
1,450
1,283
1,093
1,133
4,451
2,871
4,040
2,514
4,430
Cedars
Table 9—Volume of sawtimber sold on national forests, by selected species, Pacific Northwest Region, 1965–2007
58,424
67,216
31,748
28,986
33,099
85,265
43,817
34,217
28,005
21,214
28,548
36,670
21,400
33,929
38,265
38,537
62,210
26,674
30,969
18,682
33,608
46,364
34,841
66,308
38,834
69,441
25,920
9,452
2,350
10,251
7,953
12,484
3,374
1,142
2,375
38
678
4,165
11
188
68
356
97
Larch
Noble fir
71,222
105,202
97,782
79,316
74,536
120,792
51,755
53,589
35,331
42,297
57,340
67,680
52,141
56,742
106,412
80,176
193,265
72,532
41,842
64,631
106,656
61,384
118,646
49,729
24,497
41,829
9,085
7,186
1,007
1,305
19,606
10,883
11,156
3,369
4,970
0
0
3,339
90
272
0
736
2,206
and Shasta
red fir
324,017
401,666
362,242
358,078
392,745
479,973
363,324
412,988
419,943
451,138
334,672
253,979
352,265
468,281
496,967
477,542
506,357
420,896
516,251
439,762
367,335
421,708
397,108
407,048
200,921
384,564
152,952
69,772
47,025
27,009
51,284
128,497
50,661
89,777
36,114
37,894
28,276
31,942
37,639
68,296
58,978
63,186
38,617
true
firs
Other
4,424,132
4,683,387
4,374,499
4,637,869
4,363,143
5,128,462
4,094,686
4,517,127
4,133,468
4,175,910
4,515,556
3,281,382
4,182,983
4,591,047
4,971,797
4,694,220
4,739,430
4,303,374
4,201,457
4,054,833
3,531,908
4,859,978
4,206,502
4,267,356
1,982,321
4,270,541
799,445
534,968
412,700
222,121
499,871
769,512
452,332
413,415
278,439
155,084
170,771
170,771
352,337
456,744
387,988
417,101
461,018
All
species
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-770
15
42.60
50.00
41.70
61.20
82.20
41.90
49.10
71.70
138.10
202.40
169.50
176.20
225.90
250.31
394.30
432.20
350.20
118.20
161.60
132.90
126.20
160.70
190.20
256.04
389.80
466.35
394.95
477.21
317.75
652.36
453.38
398.98
291.26
201.64
393.98
747.86
255.38
152.56
236.85
105.15
331.81
0
0
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
10.20
11.80
9.60
20.10
32.20
8.40
4.40
15.60
60.40
68.20
34.30
38.60
71.20
98.50
81.70
70.80
94.00
5.80
37.60
43.00
32.20
34.10
46.00
83.52
161.60
149.07
110.03
183.78
254.53
307.87
143.57
267.68
284.50
199.64
202.87
123.20
127.66
189.52
146.15
138.35
161.00
146.30
110.61
East
side
Ponderosa
18.40
21.10
19.10
23.90
46.60
20.30
22.30
38.40
77.70
110.60
43.10
79.40
138.40
218.70
238.00
190.80
206.40
78.60
134.30
143.70
166.00
196.30
267.10
295.45
323.44
297.78
322.50
487.91
595.26
318.20
253.19
165.67
164.38
122.17
139.91
111.36
83.98
87.75
54.99
93.47
80.77
72.72
53.27
and Jeffrey
pines
14.40
23.20
21.10
27.90
58.20
30.00
23.10
26.00
60.50
139.10
109.90
118.90
162.80
207.90
237.30
167.00
174.50
83.60
131.80
201.80
192.60
199.10
300.60
253.55
292.91
341.35
335.70
454.16
531.45
588.27
433.58
58.21
394.16
473.97
127.31
397.16
177.15
0
75.91
98.63
0
40.38
0
Sugar
pine
22.00
24.60
24.60
30.10
56.70
37.30
22.30
35.80
50.70
121.00
84.40
116.00
142.70
123.70
181.90
102.80
100.60
50.00
74.30
93.20
109.30
116.70
220.10
236.83
272.66
262.42
187.53
239.47
518.59
763.67
488.33
328.74
250.67
233.02
270.75
0
0
10.00
125.86
274.46
206.34
262.63
393.55
White
pine
Engelmann
spruce
Sitka
spruce
8.40
3.40
3.20
10.40
15.10
4.20
5.20
10.60
38.40
25.70
15.40
40.20
35.40
41.60
47.10
44.60
36.60
17.40
20.20
21.20
14.20
9.40
18.00
40.38
68.90
59.39
92.40
103.74
156.52
155.72
136.01
96.62
144.24
82.66
94.92
144.98
101.62
149.59
77.24
100.18
102.35
114.07
112.78
6.20
6.40
12.20
22.00
30.40
3.90
8.00
27.20
55.60
50.20
13.70
10.50
36.50
85.40
51.60
34.20
15.00
19.50
28.70
21.00
18.40
38.10
24.00
51.92
105.94
96.80
141.31
143.96
82.08
216.00
146.22
60.19
109.56
56.07
62.15
84.59
257.05
0
79.83
65.00
119.67
183.04
242.91
22.80
32.00
22.20
34.20
19.70
11.70
18.10
28.00
93.40
72.60
75.90
83.10
103.00
109.50
227.90
306.50
238.00
49.50
30.00
52.10
77.70
93.90
81.20
98.28
87.51
138.53
219.92
176.17
524.91
376.68
175.10
107.67
109.04
74.99
93.23
139.46
0
85.71
23.85
173.91
0
0
0
Dollars per thousand board feet
Lodgepole
pine
19.10
20.60
21.80
35.60
45.10
20.50
20.60
49.00
99.20
110.80
68.50
78.10
89.20
111.70
197.10
208.00
162.00
44.60
61.90
61.20
50.00
74.10
103.70
161.86
222.47
203.04
164.10
164.68
363.66
334.80
291.84
221.28
191.38
101.41
77.69
158.32
56.14
64.71
92.86
50.52
71.80
82.92
22.18
Western
hemlock
Source: USDA Forest Service 1965–2007, includes Oregon and Washington and a small portion of northern California.
West
side
Douglas-fir
15.90
16.20
53.90
22.40
40.10
14.70
17.20
67.50
146.80
217.00
119.20
160.30
149.60
206.60
329.10
301.00
168.70
101.90
88.70
186.60
123.70
156.30
192.40
259.18
158.06
266.30
284.94
231.76
367.31
363.51
86.56
497.17
1,174.33
268.01
196.44
560.04
283.17
329.65
170.69
113.61
254.08
381.81
201.55
Cedars
8.90
9.20
8.50
18.30
30.40
10.90
5.30
13.50
53.90
11.00
5.80
20.30
62.10
56.40
90.50
43.60
69.70
37.50
31.80
42.50
50.60
48.50
46.30
80.74
132.73
141.66
94.24
258.95
352.47
482.19
271.48
217.49
156.28
218.60
278.23
65.16
156.14
177.18
120.00
86.83
284.29
275.99
280.37
Larch
20.90
28.80
20.40
38.60
46.10
15.10
24.60
100.20
81.40
136.20
117.70
105.60
128.90
122.50
211.30
241.80
147.30
28.40
42.40
92.60
57.60
84.30
101.90
134.21
203.00
407.83
279.49
193.34
341.51
449.81
285.36
204.30
227.50
165.08
273.58
0
0
24.43
633.41
75.29
0
253.00
79.12
and Shasta
red fir
Noble fir
Table 10—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold on national forests, by selected species, Pacific Northwest Region, 1965–2007
10.20
12.40
12.90
31.20
42.60
11.80
12.20
33.00
73.80
80.90
45.10
55.00
85.10
99.10
189.80
167.90
103.80
40.00
58.30
43.50
41.20
47.70
63.70
89.94
149.42
161.08
142.37
183.42
333.72
250.13
217.78
139.36
128.18
84.17
127.35
97.38
62.38
62.63
47.50
74.85
91.22
85.79
98.25
true
firs
Other
27.50
31.50
28.00
42.40
58.80
26.70
30.10
53.20
102.80
142.40
101.60
113.20
153.80
185.00
270.00
285.50
230.60
80.20
112.50
94.60
101.40
127.90
161.50
206.40
268.37
330.00
224.61
309.12
407.96
394.14
295.34
231.78
240.46
139.30
180.67
120.63
116.31
158.74
121.36
107.31
130.60
123.24
95.94
All
species
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2007
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-770
Common Name
Scientific Name
Cedars
Douglas-fir
Juniperus spp.
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco
Engelmann spruce
Jeffrey pine
Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.
Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.
Larch
Lodgepole pine
Larix spp.
Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.
Noble fir
Ponderosa pine
Abies procera Rehd.
Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.
Shasta red fir
Sitka spruce
Abies shastensis (Lemmon)
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sugar pine
True firs
Pinus lambertiana Dougl.
Abies spp.
Western hemlock
Whitebark pine
Tsuga heterophylla (Rof.) Sarg.
Pinus albicaulis Engelm.
Metric Equivalents
When you know:
Multiply by:
To get:
Board feet (logs)
4.53
Cubic meters
Board feet (lumber)
Tons (short)
2.36
.907
Cubic meters
Metric tons
Literature Cited
Aust, P. 2008. Personal communication. Economist, Washington Department of
Natural Resources, Financial Management, MS: 47041, Olympia, WA 98504.
Washington state timber harvest.Http://www.egov.oregon.gov/odf (5 May)
Austin, J.W. 1968–70. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest
forest industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Quarterly.
Darr, D.R. 1970–72. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest
forest industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Quarterly.
Hamilton, T.E. 1964–68. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest
forest industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Quarterly.
16
Harvest, Employment, Exports, and Prices in Pacific Northwest Forests, 1965–2007
Holt, E.C. 1972–74. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest forest
industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Quarterly.
Lettman, G. 2008. Oregon state timber harvest. Http://www.egov.oregon.gov/odf/
resource planning, timber harvest. (4 February)
Oregon Employment Department. 1965–2007. Oregon labor trends. Salem, OR:
Workforce and Economic Research Division. Http://www.QualityInfo.org.
Monthly publication.
Ruderman, F.K. 1974–85. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest forest industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Quarterly.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service [USDA Forest Service].
1965–2007. Forest Service. Portland, OR: Region 6 Natural Resource Division.
Http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/fp/FPWebPage/FP70104A.htm. Web site updated
quarterly.
U.S. Department of Commerce. 1965–2007. Foreign Trade Division of Economics and Statistics Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Http://
dataweb.usitc.gov/. Web site updated monthly.
Warren, D.D. 1985–2007. Production, prices, employment, and trade in Northwest
forest industries. Resour. Bull. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Quarterly.
Washington State Employment Security Department. 1965–2007. Washington
Labor Market Quarterly Review. Olympia, WA: Labor Market and Economic
Analysis. Http://www.workforceexplorer.com. Quarterly publication.
17
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