Science from Above
Dr Katy Börner
Dr.
Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center, Director
Information Visualization Laboratory, Director
School of Library and Information Science
Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
katy@indiana.edu
3rd Annual iFQ Conference: Foresight - Between Science and Fiction
Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR),
(CAESAR) Bonn
Bonn, Germany
December 11th, 2008
Th Problem:
The
P bl
Being Lost in (Knowledge) Space
15th Century: One person can make major contributions to many areas of science
Mankind’s Knowledge
use
Human Brain
contribute
Amount of knowledge
on brain can mange
Leonardo Da Vinci
(1452-1519)
20th Century: One person can make major contributions to a few areas of science
Mankind’s Knowledge
use
Human Brain
contribute
Amount of knowledge
on brain can mange
Albert Einstein
(1879-1955 )
21th Century: One person can make major contributions to a specific area of science
Mankind’s Knowledge
use
contribute
Amount of knowledge
on brain can mange
Human Brain
21th Century: One person can make major contributions to a specific area of science
Mankind’s Knowledge
use
Human Brains
contribute
Amount of knowledge
on brain can mange
Manager
Domain Expert
Humanity’s Knowledge
The Great Wave Off Kanagawa (Katsushika Hokusai, 1760-1849)
Growth of Scientific Knowledge, 1665 to 2006
2005 World Population
The population map uses a quarter degree box resolution. Boxes with zero people are given in white. Darker
shades of red indicate higher population counts per box using a logarithmic interpolation. The highest density
boxes appear in Mumbai,
Mumbai with 11
11,687,850
687 850 people in the quarter degree block
block, Calcutta (10
(10,816,010),
816 010) and
Shanghai (8,628,088).
2003 Scientific Productivity
Shown is where science is performed today. Each circle indicates a geographic location at which scholarly papers
are published. The larger the circle the more papers are produced. Boston, MA, London, England, and New
York NY are the top three paper production areas
York,
areas. Note the strong resemblance with the Night on Earth and
the IP Ownership maps and the striking differences to the world population map.
2007 IP Address Ownership
This map shows IP address ownership by location. Each owner is represented by a circle and the area size of the
circle corresponds to the number of IP addresses owned. The larges circle denotes MIT’s holdings of an entire
class A subnet,
subnet which equates to 16,581,375
16 581 375 IP addresses.
addresses The countries that own the most IP addresses are US
(560 million), Japan (130 million), Great Britain (47 million).
M
Mapping
i Science
S i
E
Exhibit
hibi
Places & Spaces: Mapping
Science
a science exhibit that introduces
people to maps of sciences, their
makers
k andd users.
Exhibit Curators:
Dr. Katy Börner & Elisha Hardy
http://scimaps.org
15
Mapping Science Exhibit – 10 Iterations in 10 years
http://scimaps.org/
The Power of Maps (2005)
Science Maps for Economic Decision Makers (2008)
The Power of Reference Systems (2006)
Science Maps for Science Policy Makers (2009)
Science Maps for Scholars (2010)
Science Maps as Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries (2011)
Science Maps for Kids (2012)
Science Forecasts (2013)
The Power of Forecasts (2007)
How to Lie with Science Maps (2014)
Exhibit has been shown in 49 venues on four continents.
16
Th Power
The
P
r off Maps
M p
Four Early Maps of Our World
VERSUS
Si E
Six
Early
l M
Maps off S
Science
i
(1st Iteration of Places & Spaces Exhibit - 2005)
How would a map of science look?
What metaphors
p
would work best?
Th Power
The
P
r off Reference
R f r n Systems
S t m
Four Existing Reference Systems
VERSUS
Si P
Six
Potential
i lR
Reference
f
S
Systems off S
Science
i
(2nd Iteration of Places & Spaces Exhibit - 2006)
How would a reference system for all of
s i n look?
science
l k?
What dimensions would it have?
The Power of Forecasts
F
Four
Existing
E i ti F
Forecasts
t
VERSUS
Six Potential Science ‘Weather’
Weather Forecasts
(3rd Iteration of Places & Spaces Exhibit - 2007)
Can one forecast science?
What ‘science forecast language’
g g will work?
http://www.scotese.com/
http://www.weather.gov
Named Storms, available online at http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003200/a003279
Science Maps for
Economic Decision Making
Four Existing Maps
VERSUS
Six Science Maps
(4th Iteration of Places & Spaces Exhibit - 2008)
What insight needs to economic decision
makers
m k rs h
have??
What data views are most useful?
Science Maps for
Science Policy Makers
Four Existing Maps
Call For Maps for 5th Iteration of Exhibit
VERSUS
Six Science Maps
Submit initial entry:
January 9th, 2009
Notification to mapmakers:
p
JJanuaryy 31st, 2009
Submit final entries:
March 31, 2009
5th Iteration ready for
?
? April
? display:
?
? 30th, 2009
?
?
?
?
?
See http://scimaps.org/cfs.php
for details
on how to submit.
Vi i http://scimaps.org/host
Visit
h // ith
/h for
f info
i f on how
h to host
h exhibit.
hibi
(5 Iteration of Places & Spaces Exhibit - 2009)
Additional Elements of the Exhibit
Illuminated Diagram Display
Hands--on Science Maps for Kids
Hands
Worldprocessor Globes
Illuminated Diagram Display
W. Bradford Paley, Kevin W. Boyack, Richard Kalvans, and Katy Börner (2007)
Mapping, Illuminating, and Interacting with Science. SIGGRAPH 2007.
Questions:
p
 Who is doingg research on what topic
and where?
 What is the ‘footprint’ of
interdisciplinary research fields?
p have scientists?
 What impact
Large-scale, high
resolution prints
illuminated via projector
or screen.
Interactive touch panel.
Contributions:
 Interactive, high resolution interface
to access and make sense of data
about scholarly activity.
48
Hands--on Science Maps for Kids
Hands
All maps of science are on sale via
http://scimaps.org/ordermaps/
Science Puzzle Map for Kids by Fileve Palmer, Julie Smith, Elisha Hardy and Katy Börner, Indiana University, 2006.
(Base map taken from Illuminated Diagram display by Kevin Boyack, Richard Klavans, and W. Bradford Paley.)
Activities:
Solve the puzzle.
Navigate to ‘Earth Science’.
Identify major inventions.
Place major inventors.
Find your dream job on the map.
Why is mathematics important?
Winners @ AMSE
JoHanna Sanders, age 12, a picture of someone enjoying nature
and a theme that science is all around us.
Sascha Richey, age 8, drew a picture of her mother and explained
why her mother is her favorite scientist.
Where to go from here?
Contact the map makers via the exhibit curators:
K Börner
Katy
B
((k
(katy@indiana.edu
k @ d
katy@indiana.edu)
d ) andd El
Elisha
h Hardy
H d
(efhardy@indiana.edu
efhardy@indiana.edu))
Computational Scientometrics:
S d i S
Studying
Science
i
b
by S
Scientific
i ifi M
Means
 B
Börner, Katy,
K Chen,
Ch Chaomei,
Ch
i andd Boyack,
B k Kevin.
K i (2003).
(2003) Visualizing
Vi li i K
Knowledge
l d D
Domains.
i In
I
Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual Review of Information Science & Technology, Medford, NJ: Information
Today, Inc./American Society for Information Science and Technology, Volume 37, Chapter 5, pp. 179255. http://ivl.slis.indiana.edu/km/pub/2003-borner-arist.pdf
p //
/ /p /
p
 Shiffrin, Richard M. and Börner, Katy (Eds.) (2004). Mapping Knowledge Domains.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(Suppl_1).
http://www.pnas.org/content/vol101/suppl_1/
 Börner,
Bö
Katy,
K t Sanyal,
S
l Soma
S
andd Vespignani,
V pi
i Al
Alessandro
d (2007).
(2007) Network
N t k Science.
S i
I Blaise
In
Bl i
Cronin (Ed.), Annual Review of Information Science & Technology, Information Today, Inc./American
Society for Information Science and Technology, Medford, NJ, Volume 41, Chapter 12, pp. 537-607.
http://ivl.slis.indiana.edu/km/pub/2007-borner-arist.pdf
p
p
p
 Places & Spaces: Mapping Science exhibit, see also http://scimaps.org.
72
Cyberinfrastructures for a Science of Science
Scholarly Database of 18 million scholarly records
https://sdb.slis.indiana.edu
Information Visualization Cyberinfrastructure
http://iv.slis.indiana.edu
Network Workbench Tool and Community Wiki
*NEW* Scientometrics plugins
http://nwb.slis.indiana.edu
Epidemics Cyberinfrastructure
http://epic.slis.indiana.edu/
73
http://sci.slis.indiana.edu
http://cns.slis.indiana.edu
http://ella.slis.indiana.edu/~katy
http://scimaps.org
http://cns.slis.indiana.edu
The End.