UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE
Joint Examination for the School Certificate
and General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
HISTORY
2158/1
World Affairs since 1919
OCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2001
2 hours 30 minutes
Additional materials:
Answer paper
TIME
2 hours 30 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer
paper/answer booklet.
Answer five questions.
Answer at least one question from Section A (General Problems) and questions from at least two of
the other Sections B to F.
Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.
If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
All questions in this paper carry equal marks.
Each question is made up of two parts. The first part is worth two-thirds and the second part one-third
of the marks. Answer each part of the questions chosen as fully as you can.
This question paper consists of 4 printed pages.
SB (CW) QK11238/2
© UCLES 2001
http://www.xtremepapers.net
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Section A
General Problems
1
Describe the main organs of the League of Nations. To what extent had the League failed to
achieve its aims by 1930?
2
Show how Mussolini established a Fascist state in Italy after he became Prime Minister in
October 1922. Why was he able to become Prime Minister in 1922?
3
Describe the relations between Britain and Germany from June 1935 (the Anglo-German Naval
Treaty) to October 1938 (the German occupation of the Sudetenland). Why did Britain adopt a
policy of appeasement ?
4
Outline the relations between Cuba and the USA from 1959 to 1962. What were the results during
the 1960s of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
5
Outline the progress of the struggle for Algerian independence in the period 1954 to 1962. Why
was the French government so determined to resist Algerian demands for independence?
6
Describe the development since 1945 of atomic energy as a source of power. How important is
the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes?
Section B
Western Europe
7
What attempts were made by Germans to overthrow the Weimar Republic in the period 1919 to
1925? How far had the Republic achieved stability by the late 1920s?
8
Outline the history of Spain from 1923 (Primo de Rivera’s seizure of power) to 1933 (the fall of
Manuel Azana). Why did the Civil War break out in 1936?
9
Describe the part played by the British navy in the war against Germany, 1939-1945. How
important was the role of German submarines in the Second World War?
10 Outline the career of Winston Churchill from 1939 to 1955. Why did he lose the election in 1945?
11
Write an account of:
(a) the constitution of the French Fourth Republic;
(b) the European Coal and Steel Community (E.C.S.C.);
(c) France and the war in Indo-China.
Why did the Fourth Republic come to an end in 1958?
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Section C
The Americas
12 Describe the following aspects of the Presidency of Herbert Hoover (1929-1933):
(a) the Wall Street Crash;
(b) the banking collapse of the early 1930s;
(c) Hoovervilles.
How far was Hoover to blame for the Great Depression?
13 What objections were made by Roosevelt’s opponents to his New Deal policies? Why did
Americans return Roosevelt as president in 1940?
14 What changes were made in US foreign policy from 1933 to 1941? Why did the USA and the UK
sign the Atlantic Charter in August 1941?
15 Describe the New Frontier policies of Presidents Kennedy and Johnson in the 1960s. Why was
President Johnson more successful than President Kennedy in winning support for his
proposals?
16 Describe the election and policies of President Allende of Chile (1970-1973). Why was General
Pinochet successful in overthrowing President Allende in 1973?
Section D
USSR and Eastern Europe
17 Describe the methods used by Lenin in 1921-1923 to solve the economic and political problems
facing the Bolsheviks at that time. Why did Lenin introduce the New Economic Policy in 1921?
18 Describe the changes to Soviet industry and agriculture made by Stalin in the period 1928-1940. How
successful were Stalin’s Five Year Plans in the 1930s?
19 Outline the foreign policy of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1939. How far did the signing of the
non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939 make the Second World War inevitable?
20 Outline the relations between the Soviet Union and China during the 1980s. How successful were
Gorbachev’s attempts to strengthen the links between the Soviet Union and China?
21 Describe the political events in Russia from the coup of August 1991 to the Presidential Election
of June 1996. How important was the part played by Boris Yeltsin during this period?
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Section E
Africa and the Middle East
22 Outline the career of Reza Shah Pahlevi from 1925 to 1941. How important was his contribution
to the modernisation of Iran?
23 Describe the events in Palestine from 1937 (the establishment of the Peel Commission) to 1949
(the end of the Israeli War of Independence, 1948-9). Why was Israel successful in the War of
1948-9?
24 Describe Ghana’s progress to independence from 1946 to 1957. How important was the part
played by Kwame Nkrumah in the achievement of Ghana’s independence?
25 Outline the career of Gamal Abdel Nasser from 1948 to the end of 1956. Why did he nationalise
the Suez Canal Company in July 1956?
26 Describe the growth of opposition to apartheid from 1952 to 1976. Why did South Africa withdraw
from the British Commonwealth in 1961?
Section F
Asia
27 Write an account of the foreign policy of Japan from 1931 (the occupation of Manchuria) to 1941
(the attack on Pearl Harbor). Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
28 Describe the relations between the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party from 1936 to
1949. Why did the Communists gain popular support during this period?
29 Outline the economic policy of the Chinese Communist government from 1949 to 1961 (the end
of the Great Leap Forward). Why did the Great Leap Forward fail?
30 Describe the political reforms introduced in Japan in the twenty years after the end of the Second
World War. Explain which of these reforms you consider to have been the most important.
31 Write an account of the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960). Why were the Communists eventually
defeated?
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