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System Reference
Revision 1.1
Vicon MX Systems
Workstation 5.1
Core processing software
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© 2004-2005 Vicon Motion Systems Limited. All rights reserved.
For use with Workstation 5.1 in Vicon MX systems.
Vicon Motion Systems Limited reserves the right to make changes to information in this document without notice.
Companies, names, and data used in examples are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, by photocopying or recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of Vicon Motion
Systems Limited.
Information furnished by Vicon Motion Systems Limited is believed to be accurate and reliable; however, no
responsibility is assumed by Vicon Motion Systems Limited for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent rights of Vicon Motion Systems Limited.
Vicon® and BodyBuilder® are registered trademarks of OMG Plc. Plug-in Gait™, Polygon™, RealTime Engine™,
Vicon MX™, and Workstation™ are trademarks of OMG Plc.
Other product and company names herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
California
Colorado
UK
Tel: +1 (949) 472 9140
Fax: +1 (949) 472 9136
Tel: +1 (303) 799 8686
Fax: +1 (303) 799 8690
Tel: +44 (0)1865 261800
Fax: +44 (0)1865 240527
9 Spectrum Pointe
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USA
7388 S. Revere Parkway, Suite 901
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USA
14 Minns Business Park
West Way
Oxford OX2 0JB
UK
Vicon Motion Systems is an OMG Plc company
Email: support@viconpeak.com
Web: http:www.viconpeak.com
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Contents
Preface ..............................................................................................vii
Audience ....................................................................... vii
Structure ...................................................................... viii
Conventions .................................................................... ix
Related documentation ......................................................x
Chapter 1
Introduction ................................................................ 1-1
Architecture Model ........................................................ 1-1
Data Capture and Image Processing in Vicon MX ............... 1-3
Motion Capture and Processing Workflow .................... 1-5
Summary of User Interface Changes ............................... 1-6
Chapter 2
File Menu in Vicon MX.................................................. 2-1
Save System Configuration As ........................................ 2-1
User Preferences........................................................... 2-2
Startup ................................................................... 2-3
Live Monitor ............................................................ 2-3
Chapter 3
View Menu in Vicon MX................................................ 3-1
View menu commands in Vicon MX.................................. 3-1
View Menu—Live Monitor ............................................... 3-3
Grayscale ............................................................... 3-4
Threshold Grid ......................................................... 3-5
Preview Mode .......................................................... 3-7
View Menu—Video Monitor ............................................. 3-8
Centroids ................................................................ 3-9
Grayscale Blobs ......................................................3-11
Edges ....................................................................3-11
Chapter 4
System Menu in Vicon MX............................................ 4-1
System menu commands in Vicon MX .............................. 4-1
Workstation Profiles ................................................. 4-4
Live Monitor ................................................................. 4-5
Camera Channel Bar ................................................ 4-7
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Camera Settings Bar ................................................ 4-8
Camera ............................................................. 4-8
Threshold .......................................................... 4-8
Strobe ............................................................... 4-8
Gain .................................................................. 4-9
Circularity .......................................................... 4-9
Sync Master ......................................................4-10
Show Status LEDs ..............................................4-10
Focus ...............................................................4-10
Cameras ...........................................................4-11
Threshold Grid ...................................................4-11
Clear ................................................................4-11
Save All ............................................................4-11
Close ................................................................4-12
Live Analog ................................................................. 4-12
Analog Channel Bar .................................................4-13
RealTime Analog Graph ............................................4-14
Live Analog Tool Bar ................................................4-15
Video Setup ................................................................ 4-16
Applies To ..............................................................4-18
MX Control Detected ...............................................4-18
Camera Details .......................................................4-19
Camera Mode .........................................................4-21
MX Camera Frame Rates .....................................4-21
Buffer Size (MB) .....................................................4-22
Genlock Availability and Status .................................4-22
Reprogram .............................................................4-23
Firmware File ....................................................4-24
Devices ............................................................4-24
Output .............................................................4-25
Analog Setup .............................................................. 4-26
Applies To ..............................................................4-29
MX Control ADC Board .............................................4-30
Sampling Frequency ................................................4-30
General Scale .........................................................4-31
Force Plates ...........................................................4-32
Channels ...............................................................4-32
Analog Display ........................................................4-34
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Contents
Force Plates Setup ....................................................... 4-35
Applies To ..............................................................4-36
Zero Sample Range .................................................4-37
Force Plates List ......................................................4-37
Force Plate Type .....................................................4-37
Origin ....................................................................4-38
Corners .................................................................4-38
Channels ...............................................................4-38
Calibration Matrix ....................................................4-39
Control Setup .............................................................. 4-40
Applies To ..............................................................4-41
Video Recorder .......................................................4-42
Remote Triggering ..................................................4-42
Frame Counter .......................................................4-42
External Clock ........................................................4-42
Timecode Setup........................................................... 4-43
Genlock Settings .....................................................4-44
Genlock Video Rates ................................................4-44
Timecode ...............................................................4-45
Internal Timecode ...................................................4-46
Burn-in Window ......................................................4-47
System Configuration ................................................... 4-48
System Profile ........................................................4-49
System Type ..........................................................4-49
IP Address .............................................................4-49
Additional Hardware ................................................4-50
Calibrate Cameras ....................................................... 4-50
Use Offline Centroid Fitter ........................................4-51
Centroid Fitter Parameters ............................................ 4-52
Robust Fitter ..........................................................4-54
Fast Fitter ..............................................................4-55
Grayscale Fit Mode ..................................................4-55
Grayscale Fit Method ...............................................4-56
Chapter 5
Help Menu in Vicon MX ................................................ 5-1
ActiveX Control Status ................................................... 5-1
Chapter 6
RealTime Engine Control in Vicon MX .......................... 6-1
RealTime Engine Control ................................................ 6-1
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Contents
Appendix A AMTI Force Plate Configuration ...................................A-1
Analog Scale Calculation—AMTI with MX, My, Mz............... A-1
AMTI with MX, My, Mz—Formula ................................ A-2
AMTI with MX, My, Mz—Example ................................ A-3
Analog Scale Calculation—AMTI with full calibration matrix . A-5
AMTI with full calibration matrix—Formula ................... A-6
AMTI with full calibration matrix—Example .................. A-6
Appendix B Support Resources ...................................................... B-1
Technical Support ......................................................... B-1
Telephone ............................................................... B-1
Email ..................................................................... B-1
World Wide Web ...................................................... B-1
Useful References ......................................................... B-2
Vicon Online Support (VOS) ........................................... B-2
Logging in to VOS .................................................... B-3
Locating Topics in VOS ............................................. B-3
Submitting Questions to VOS ..................................... B-5
VOS Topics on Workstation Issues................................... B-6
General Workstation Issues ....................................... B-6
Software Downloads ................................................. B-7
Appendix C Documentation Feedback ............................................ C-1
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Preface
This book provides detailed information on the features and
functionality of Workstation specific to Vicon MX. The information in
this book supplements the general Workstation motion capture and
processing details provided in The Vicon Manual. This book focuses
on the Workstation features and functionality specific to Vicon MX.
Important
This book assumes that your Vicon system—including the Workstation
application software—has already been set up and calibrated.
Workstation software is licensed using a HASP dongle. The licensing drivers
must have been installed on the host PC, and the dongle must be plugged
into an appropriate port (parallel or USB) on the PC while you are running the
application software.
For full details on preparing your Vicon MX system for use, see the Vicon MX
System Setup document.
Audience
This book is intended for those who will be using Workstation to
capture and process data in a Vicon MX system.
Workstation is typically used for the following types of applications:
•
Engineering, such as visualization simulation, virtual
prototyping, and virtual reality.
•
Entertainment, such as computer game character animation,
full motion video (FMV)/cut-scenes, advertising spots, and on-set
character previews.
•
Life Sciences, such as sports performance, gait analysis,
neuroscience, physical therapy and object tracking in medical
environments.
This book assumes that you are familiar with Microsoft Windows
operating systems. It also assumes that you are familiar with general
Workstation features and operation. If you are not, please see The
Vicon Manual for more detailed explanations of features or
functionality available prior to the release of Vicon MX.
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Preface
Structure
This section describes how the information in this book is organized.
The first chapter provides an overview of Workstation:
Chapter 1
Introduction describes the role of the Workstation
application software in a Vicon MX system and
summarizes the key user interface changes.
Each of the following chapters describe the changes made to the
Workstation menus for Vicon MX:
Chapter 2
File Menu in Vicon MX describes the new options for
saving configuration settings and for customizing
Workstation according to your preferences.
Chapter 3
View Menu in Vicon MX describes the features for
determining how Vicon MX motion capture data is to be
viewed in Workstation.
Chapter 4
System Menu in Vicon MX describes the features in
Workstation for configuring the way MX components
and third-party devices work in Vicon MX.
Chapter 5
Help Menu in Vicon MX describes the feature for
viewing and managing the ActiveX controls used by
Workstation.
This chapter describes the integration of a Workstation option:
Chapter 6
RealTime Engine Control in Vicon MX describes the
feature for managing the RealTime Engine from within
Workstation.
Each of the appendices provide additional information that can help
you make the most of using Workstation:
Appendix A AMTI Force Plate Configuration describes how you
set up AMTI force plates in Workstation so they are
ready to use with your Vicon MX system.
Appendix B Support Resources provides tips on resolving
possible problems you might encounter when using
Workstation in Vicon MX.
Appendix C Documentation Feedback describes how to supply
feedback on the Vicon MX documentation.
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Preface
Conventions
This table illustrates the typographical conventions used in this book.
Item
Description
This type
Menus, commands, buttons, and options
displayed in the GUI.
Terms in a definition list or emphasis for
important introductory words in a paragraph.
This type
Text displayed by the system or extracts of
program code.
This type
Path names, file names, and extensions.
Commands or text you are to enter in files or
dialog boxes.
This type
Cross-reference to related information in
another section or document.
This type
A URL for a site on the World Wide Web.
Important
A note giving information that emphasizes or
supplements important points in the text or
information that may apply only in special
cases.
Caution
A caution alerting you to actions that could
result in the loss of data.
Warning
A warning advising you of actions that could
result in physical harm to yourself or damage to
the hardware.
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Preface
Related documentation
This Workstation System Reference is designed to be used in
conjunction with the additional documentation providing information
related to this release of Workstation shown in the following table.
Document
Description
Release
Documents
Release Documents provide details on the
current software release, including system
requirements, new features and enhancements,
issues addressed, and known problems as well as
product feature and functionality changes from
previous releases.
To access them, from the Windows Start menu,
point to Programs, then Vicon, then
Documentation, then Release Documents,
and select the desired release document.
System Setup
The System Setup document provides
installation, startup, and initial configuration
details to enable you to quickly get started using
the system hardware and software.
Books
Product books are installed in PDF format
(requires Adobe Acrobat version 5.0 or later). To
access them, from the Windows Start menu,
point to Programs, then Vicon, then
Documentation, then Books, then the type of
book, and select the desired book.
The following types of books make up the Vicon product
documentation set:
x
System
Reference
System Reference books describe the features
and functionality of a component of Vicon MX.
System
Tutorial
System Tutorial books provide step-by-step
instructions on the intended way of using Vicon
application software.
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Preface
Document
Description
System
Option
System Option books describe the general
features and operation of a system option or
plug-in that can be used with the Vicon
application software.
Foundation
Guide
Foundation Guide books, such as The Vicon
Manual, describe the general features and
operation of the hardware and application
software in Vicon V-series systems (V460, V6,
V612, V624, and V8i).
Those books may be supplemented by the
System Reference, System Tutorial, and System
Option books, which describe more recent
features and functionality.
Vicon Online
Support (VOS)
VOS (at http://support.vicon.com) is a Webaccessible knowledge base that enables
customers to view previously answered product
queries, submit new questions, and download
updates to Vicon software and documentation.
Help
Definition Help provides descriptions of
individual controls in the user interface, such as
menu commands and dialog box options.
To display a Help pop-up window for:
•
The item currently in focus
Press F1.
•
A menu command
Click the Help button ( ) on the Workstation
tool bar and then click on the desired
command.
•
A dialog box option
Click the Help button ( ) on the dialog box
title bar and then click the desired option.
Right-click the desired option.
OR
Hold SHIFT and press F1.
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1
Introduction
1
Workstation software is used to set up and calibrate a Vicon motion
capture system and to capture and process motion data. Workstation
has been augmented to work with Vicon MX: a suite of networked
motion capture cameras and devices that provide real-time motion
capture data for processing and analysis. For details on the
components that make up Vicon MX, see the Vicon MX Hardware
System Reference.
Architecture Model
Figure 1-1 shows where Workstation fits in a full Vicon MX
architecture.
Figure 1-1: Workstation in a full Vicon MX architecture
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Introduction
In this architecture, Workstation serves as the control interface for
Vicon MX and provides tools for editing and post-processing motion
capture data. Workstation takes image data processed by each
MX camera and combines it with calibration data to reconstruct the
equivalent 3D motion data. This 3D data can be viewed and
manipulated in Workstation. After this reconstruction, the data may
then be passed to other Vicon application software for analysis and
manipulation or to third-party applications such as those used for
digital animation or virtual environments.
In Vicon MX, you also can manage the Vicon RealTime Engine from
within Workstation. The RealTime Engine provides facilities for
reconstructing, labeling, and modeling motion data in real time. This
real-time data can then be visualized in Polygon—the Vicon
processing software for biomechanical visualization and reporting—
or in third-party applications. For details on the RealTime Engine in
Workstation, see the Workstation RealTime Engine System Option
book. For details on Polygon, see our Web site.
Important
The actual specification of the PCs you use in your Vicon system architecture
depends on your application requirements.
In all cases, Vicon application software requires a PC with an Intel processor.
Since Intel processors are used in Vicon development and testing, Vicon
applications are optimized for this processor type.
For further initial guidance, see PC Specifications and Recommendations for
Vicon Software" (Answer ID=824). For details on using VOS (Vicon Online
Support), see Appendix B Support Resources. Your Vicon Sales
representative or your nearest agent or distributor can help you to identify
the requirements for your specific needs.
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Introduction
Data Capture and Image Processing in Vicon MX
In Vicon MX, the MX cameras perform the majority of data
processing. They generate grayscale blobs for reflections from
objects in the capture volume and then use centroid-fitting algorithms
to determine which of these objects are likely to be markers. You can
determine the number of grayscale blobs the MX cameras are to
generate by setting the Threshold, Strobe, Gain, and Circularity
options in the Live Monitor window (for details, see Chapter 4 System
Menu in Vicon MX).
Once these options are specified, each MX camera considers the
grayscale intensity from all pixels associated with a grayscale blob.
If the grayscale blob is circular and the pixel intensity is brightest at
the center and gradually fades towards the edges, the camera
compares it to the Circularity threshold specified in the Live Monitor
window. If its circularity is equal to or greater than the threshold, the
camera determines that it is a marker and calculates the 2D centroid
(center of intensity) and fits a circle with a horizontal and vertical
radius around it.
Grayscale blobs whose circularity is less than the specified
Circularity threshold are regarded as malformed, so the camera
does not calculate a centroid for them. This can be due to partial
occlusion, merging with other markers, or reflections from other
objects that are not spherical markers.
MX cameras can produce the following processing results:
•
Centroids
2D circle with cross-hairs for the horizontal and vertical radii fitted
around the centroid calculated for a grayscale blob, as shown in
the example in Figure 1-2.
Figure 1-2: Centroid
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Introduction
•
Grayscale
Grayscale blob for which a centroid could not be calculated, as
shown in the example in Figure 1-3. More advanced centroidfitting algorithms can be applied to the blob in Workstation to
determine if it is a marker.
Figure 1-3: Grayscale blob
•
Edges
Start and end edges of each line of sensor pixels associated with
a grayscale blob, as shown in the example in Figure 1-4. Edges
are not processed to identify centroids—either on the camera or
during post processing—but are saved to the captured data (.x2d)
file.
Figure 1-4: Edges
Caution
An MX camera automatically activates Edges mode if it becomes
overloaded—either temporarily or permanently—by data (e.g. too many
markers, too many reflections, hand or reflective objects immediately in front
of the camera, too low a threshold, too high a gain, etc.).
If a camera starts to present data in Edges mode, you should identify the
source of the overload and attempt to remedy it.
You can determine which types of data the MX cameras are to send
to Workstation on the host PC for viewing and further processing by
using commands on the View menu (for details, see Chapter 3 View
Menu in Vicon MX).
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Introduction
For instance, you can specify that the MX cameras send all grayscale
blobs, both those for which they calculated centroids and those for
which they did not. This increases the amount of data generated by
the camera, but may be useful for diagnostic purposes and for
providing full control over centroid fitting during post processing.
Data captured by the MX cameras can be viewed during capture in a
Live Monitor window or saved and viewed later in a Video Monitor
window.
Important
Capturing this amount of camera data can lead to large .x2d file sizes.
Motion Capture and Processing Workflow
This section summarizes the typical workflow for motion capture and
processing using Workstation in Vicon MX. This assumes that
Vicon MX has already been set up and is working correctly. For details
on preparing Vicon MX for use, see the Vicon MX System Setup
document.
Motion capture and processing with Workstation in Vicon MX involves
the following:
1. Setting up the capture volume and camera parameters
2. Calibrating the system
3. Capturing trial data
4. Reconstructing data to create trajectories
5. Labeling data
6. Modeling and pipeline processing
Details on performing these basic steps in Workstation are provided
in The Vicon Manual.
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Introduction
Summary of User Interface Changes
This section outlines the key elements of the Workstation user
interface that have been added or changed for Vicon MX. The
following chapters of this book more fully describe these new or
changed configuration options and the functionality specific to using
Workstation in Vicon MX:
•
File menu
The File menu contains commands for managing files and
customizing working preferences in Workstation. For details on
the new and changed commands available from this Workstation
menu in Vicon MX, see Chapter 2 File Menu in Vicon MX.
•
View Menu
The View menu contains commands for specifying the way
motion capture data is to be viewed in Workstation. For details on
the features available from this Workstation menu in Vicon MX,
see Chapter 3 View Menu in Vicon MX.
•
System Menu
The System menu contains commands for configuring the way
Vicon MX components and any integrated third-party devices
work. For details on the features available from this Workstation
menu in Vicon MX, see Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX.
•
Help Menu
The Help menu contains a new command for managing the
ActiveX controls used by Workstation. For details on this new
feature available from this Workstation menu in Vicon MX, see
Chapter 5 Help Menu in Vicon MX.
•
RealTime Engine Control
The RealTime Engine Control contains features for managing the
RealTime Engine directly from Workstation in Vicon MX. For
details on using the RealTime Engine Control in Workstation, see
Chapter 6 RealTime Engine Control in Vicon MX.
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File Menu in Vicon MX
2
2
This chapter describes the commands that have been added to or
changed on the Workstation File menu in Vicon MX.
Save System Configuration As
The new Save System Configuration As command on the File
menu displays the Save System Configuration As dialog box, as
shown in Figure 2-1. This command is available when Workstation is
in the System Defaults context (that is, no session or trial is open).
Figure 2-1: Save System Configuration As dialog box
The Save System Configuration As dialog box enables you to save
a copy of all the capture and reconstruction parameters you have
specified for the System Defaults profile type in a new Capture Analog
Reconstruction (.car) file. For further details on Workstation profiles
and .car files, see Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX.
You can save the new file with a new name and to the location of your
choosing. This is useful if you want to create a back-up copy of your
system configuration so that you can revert to the previous settings
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File Menu in Vicon MX
if desired. If you want this new .car file to be available for selection
from other appropriate dialog boxes in Workstation, save the file in
the Vicon System folder (by default C:\Program Files\Vicon\System).
User Preferences
The User Preferences command on the File menu displays the User
Preferences dialog box, as shown in Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-2: User Preferences dialog box
The User Preferences dialog box enables you to customize
Workstation to suit your application requirements and working
preferences. You can change these options whenever required.
When you have set the desired options, either click OK to accept the
changes and close the User Preferences dialog box or click Cancel
to close the dialog box without saving any of the specified settings.
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File Menu in Vicon MX
Startup
The following new option has been added to the Startup
configuration area of the User Preferences dialog box:
•
Start Live Monitor
Automatically opens a Live Monitor window and connects to
Vicon MX when you start Workstation. For details on the Live
Monitor window, see Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX.
Live Monitor
The following new options have been added to the Live Monitor
configuration area of the User Preferences dialog box:
•
Warn when User ID is changed
Automatically displays a warning message when the user ID for
an MX camera is changed. The warning message describes the
possible effects on the system calibration of changing a camera’s
position, and thus its user ID, in the Video Setup dialog box. For
details on the Video Setup dialog box and user IDs, see
Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX.
•
Start maximized
Automatically maximizes a Live Monitor window within the
Workstation window when it is opened. Any other windows
available from the Workstation View menu are similarly
maximized when they are opened. You can use the standard
Windows Minimize or Restore buttons to resize these windows.
For details on the Live Monitor window, see Chapter 4 System
Menu in Vicon MX.
•
Select all cameras
Automatically selects all cameras up to the maximum supported
camera count on the Camera Channel Bar at the bottom of the
Live Monitor window when it is opened, regardless of whether
cameras are actually attached. For details on the Live Monitor
window, see Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX.
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File Menu in Vicon MX
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3
View Menu in Vicon MX
3
This chapter describes the commands on the Workstation View menu
for specifying how motion capture data is to be viewed in Workstation.
It describes the options you can specify to determine which of the data
generated by MX cameras is to be sent to Workstation for processing.
For an explanation of how data is generated by the MX cameras, see
Chapter 1 Introduction.
View menu commands in Vicon MX
The commands at the top of the Workstation View menu (shown in
Figure 3-1) control the Workstation window; these options are always
available.
Figure 3-1: Workstation View menu—standard commands
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View Menu in Vicon MX
The commands below the second dividing line on the View menu are
specific to the type of Workstation window currently open:
•
3D Workspace window
Displays the 3D motion data reconstructed from the raw 2D data
recorded by the MX cameras.
•
Analog Data window
Displays analog data, such as that from force plates used in gait
analysis. This window is available only if you have previously
captured analog data.
•
Live Monitor window
Displays video data as it is seen by the connected MX cameras.
For details on the View menu commands for this window in
Vicon MX, see View Menu—Live Monitor on page 3-3.
•
Movie window
Shows .mpeg or .avi format movies that were recorded
synchronously with the data captured by the MX cameras.
•
Video Monitor window
Shows previously captured offline data, stored in a Vicon .x2d file.
For details on the View menu commands for this window in
Vicon MX, see View Menu—Video Monitor on page 3-8.
The appropriate windows are displayed by default when a trial is
opened if it contains any of the relevant data types.
Important
No additions or changes have been made to the View menu for the
3D Workspace, Analog Data, or Movie windows in Vicon MX, so these are not
described in this book. For details on working with these windows, see The
Vicon Manual.
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View Menu in Vicon MX
View Menu—Live Monitor
The View menu for the Live Monitor window contains commands for
controlling the type and amount of data sent live from the
MX cameras to Workstation and for previewing the results of the
settings that will be used for capturing to an .x2d file.
You can display a Live Monitor window in either of the following ways:
•
On the System menu, click Live Monitor.
•
On the Workstation tool bar, click the Live Monitor button (
).
Figure 3-2 shows the commands available on the View menu for the
Live Monitor window.
Figure 3-2: Workstation View menu—additional Live Monitor commands
The following sections describe the new commands added to the
View menu for a Live Monitor window in Vicon MX:
•
Grayscale on page 3-4
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•
Threshold Grid on page 3-5 (also available in the View menu for
a Video Monitor window)
•
Preview Mode on page 3-7
Grayscale
The Grayscale command on the View menu for the Live Monitor
window identifies the type of data that the MX cameras send to
Workstation (in addition to centroids that they generated for
grayscale blobs that met the Circularity test):
•
None
The cameras send no grayscale blobs.
•
Malformed
The cameras send malformed grayscale blobs that failed the
Circularity test. If you are performing full-body capture, this is
the recommended setting.
•
Edges Only
The cameras send start and end edges of each line of sensor pixels
associated with a grayscale blob. This mode is automatically used
if the cameras become overloaded with data and stop centroid
streaming.
•
All
The cameras send all grayscale blobs, both those for which they
generated centroids and those for which they did not. This results
in the camera-based centroids being overlaid on the grayscale
images in the Live Monitor window.
Important
These commands are applied before the data leaves the camera, and thus
determine the number of grayscale blobs viewed in Live Monitor as well as
saved to the raw data (.x2d) file during both camera calibration and trial
captures.
For further details on the types of data that MX cameras produce
during data capture, see Chapter 1 Introduction.
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Threshold Grid
The Threshold Grid command on the View menu displays a grid on
the current Monitor window, as shown in Figure 3-3.
Figure 3-3: Threshold Grid
Vicon MX centroid fitters use pixel thresholding algorithms, which
keep the marker data and discard grayscale blobs generated from
unwanted light sources, such as stray reflections from other objects
or surfaces in the capture volume and opposing strobe units. You can
use the threshold grid to manually specify the cells whose camera
data is to be used or ignored. For example, you can use it to remove
unneeded background data or to prevent the MX cameras from
sending unwanted grayscale blobs that would be used for
reconstructions. This can greatly reduce the amount of unnecessary
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data transmitted from the MX cameras to Workstation on the host PC
and the size of .x2d files.
Important
The threshold grid is applied before the data leaves the camera, and thus
determines the data available to be viewed live in Workstation or saved to
the raw data (.x2d) file.
You can display a Threshold Grid from either of the following types
of monitor window:
•
Live Monitor window (for data from connected MX cameras)
On the System menu, click Live Monitor. Then on the View
menu, click Diagnostic Mode (or CTRL+D). If you wish, you also
can apply a threshold grid in preview mode: on the View menu,
click Preview. Then either click Threshold Grid on the View
menu or click the Threshold Grid button on the right side of a
Live Monitor window (or CTRL+G). For details on the Live Monitor
window, see Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX. For details on
Preview Mode, see Preview Mode on page 3-7.
Where unwanted grayscale blobs are present in a Live Monitor
window, you can mask portions of the image to completely ignore
unwanted sources of light that could otherwise cause the camera
to overload and automatically activate Edges mode. For details
on Edges mode, see Chapter 1 Introduction.
•
Video Monitor window (for previously captured data viewed
offline)
On the Window menu, click New Video Monitor (for details on
the Video Monitor window, see View Menu—Video Monitor on
page 3-8). Then on the View menu, click Diagnostic Mode (or
CTRL+D) and then Threshold Grid (or CTRL+G). The Threshold
Grid command is available for offline viewing only if the threshold
grid was applied at the time the data was captured.
Where unwanted grayscale blobs are still present in a Video
Monitor window, you can mask portions in addition to those cells
marked when the grid was originally applied. However, you
cannot retrieve previously masked data. Using a threshold grid on
previously captured data is useful when reconstructing 2D data
to 3D.
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The image displayed in a monitor window by each MX camera can be
divided into a regular grid of tiles that directly map to that camera’s
sensor. Each tile has its own adjustable threshold setting of either
0 (active cell to use) or 255 (inactive cell to ignore; these are marked
with an X).
The size of the threshold grid tiles depend on the MX camera, as
shown in the following table.
Table 3-1: Threshold grid sizes
MX camera
Tile Pixels
Grid Tiles
MX40
32x32
74x54
MX13
20x20
64x52
MX3
10x10
66x50
Within the threshold grid, you specify the cells whose camera data is
to be active (used) or inactive (ignored) as follows:
•
Make a specific cell inactive: CTRL+Left-click.
•
Reactivate a specific cell: SHIFT+Left-click.
•
Make all cells active: SHIFT+SPACE, or in the Camera Settings
Bar on the right side of a Live Monitor window click the Clear
button.
The settings in a threshold grid for a camera are stored in a Vicon
Threshold Table (.vtt) file for the session. Subsequent captures are
associated with this threshold grid until you change the grid data.
Preview Mode
The Preview Mode command on the View menu for the Live Monitor
window enables you to view the unthresholded, full grayscale image
from the entire CMOS sensor. The MX cameras send the image to the
Live Monitor window at a lower frame rate, so this mode provides
slower performance. This mode is useful for performing general set
up procedures, positioning cameras, setting and checking camera
focus, and generating threshold grids.
In this mode, only one MX camera at a time can send data to be
viewed in the Live Monitor window. The Camera Channel Bar
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automatically enters single select mode when Preview Mode is
activated, so that only one MX camera can be selected. For details on
the Camera Channel Bar, see Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX.
View Menu—Video Monitor
The View menu for the Video Monitor window contains commands for
determining the type and amount of data displayed from a previously
saved data (.x2d) file.
You can display this window in either of the following ways:
•
On the Window menu, click New Video Monitor.
•
From the Eclipse database, open a trial containing an .x2d file with
previously captured data.
Figure 3-4 shows the commands available on the View menu for the
Video Monitor window.
Figure 3-4: Workstation View menu—additional Video Monitor commands
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The following sections describe the new commands added to the
View menu for a Video Monitor window in Vicon MX:
•
Centroids
•
Grayscale Blobs on page 3-11
•
Edges on page 3-11
•
Threshold Grid on page 3-5 (also available from the View menu
for a Live Monitor window)
Centroids
The Centroids command on the View menu for the Video Monitor
window determines how centroids from the .x2d file are displayed in
the Video Monitor window:
•
•
From Camera
•
When selected, centroids are displayed as they were
calculated and sent by the MX camera during data capture.
•
When cleared, camera-fitted centroids are not displayed.
Offline
•
When selected, Workstation fits further centroids to the raw
grayscale blobs saved in the .x2d file. It displays these
centroids—in addition to those previously generated by the
camera, based on the Circularity threshold—in the Video
Monitor window.
Workstation uses either a replication of the camera-based Fast
centroid-fitting algorithm or its own more advanced Robust
centroid-fitting algorithm, depending on settings in the
Grayscale Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box. The
former setting is useful for testing slightly less stringent
centroid-fitting tolerances than those that have been specified
for centroid fitting in the camera. The latter setting is useful
for resolving merged or malformed markers in the data.
For details on the Circularity threshold and the Grayscale
Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box, see
Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX.
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•
When cleared, no offline centroid fitting is performed in
Workstation.
Figure 3-5 shows a centroid fitted by an MX camera on the left and
a centroid fitted by Workstation to a grayscale blob on the right.
Figure 3-5: Camera-fitted and Workstation-fitted centroids
The centroids fitted by the camera display green cross-hairs entirely
within the fitted circle, while the cross-hairs on centroids fitted by
Workstation extend beyond the circumference of the circle.
These Centroids commands are applied to data previously saved to
the raw data (.x2d) file, and thus determine the sources of the
centroids displayed in the Video Monitor. The trial data initially
captured to .x2d files is not affected by these commands; they affect
only the presentation of the data in the Video Monitor window.
Similarly, these settings have no effect on the actual processing of
data (e.g. reconstruction of captured data):
•
Offline centroid fitting is automatically carried out during data
processing according to the settings specified in the Grayscale
Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box regardless of whether
Offline is selected on the View menu.
•
Camera centroids are used during data processing regardless of
whether From Camera is selected on the View menu.
You can determine whether or not to apply the offline centroid fitting
options in the Grayscale Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box
during camera calibration. To do this, select or clear the Use Offline
Centroid Fitter option in the Calibrate Cameras dialog box. For
details on these dialog boxes, see Chapter 4 System Menu in
Vicon MX.
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Grayscale Blobs
The Grayscale Blobs command on the View menu for the Video
Monitor window determines whether or not grayscale blobs from the
cameras saved to the .x2d file are displayed in the Video Monitor
window:
•
When selected, grayscale blobs from the .x2d file are displayed.
This setting is useful if you want Workstation to perform additional
centroid fitting on offline data (for details, see Centroids on
page 3-9).
•
When cleared, grayscale blobs from the .x2d file are not displayed.
Edges
The Edges command on the View menu for the Video Monitor
window determines whether or not edge data from the cameras saved
to the .x2d file is displayed in the Video Monitor window:
•
When selected, edge data from the .x2d file is displayed. When
an MX camera is experiencing high data rates, it may choose to
send edge data rather than grayscale information. Note that in
Vicon MX, Workstation does not perform centroid fitting on edge
data.
•
When cleared, edge data from the .x2d file is not displayed.
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4
System Menu in Vicon MX
4
This chapter describes the commands on the Workstation System
menu for configuring the way MX components and any third-party
devices work in Vicon MX. It also describes the options you can
specify to determine the number of grayscale blobs the MX cameras
generate and the way Workstation uses them. For an explanation of
data capture and image processing, see Chapter 1 Introduction.
System menu commands in Vicon MX
The commands available on the Workstation System menu (shown
in Figure 4-1) depend upon the MX components and third-party
devices included in your Vicon MX architecture.
Figure 4-1: Workstation System menu
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System Menu in Vicon MX
The following commands have been added to or changed on the
Workstation System menu in Vicon MX:
•
Live Monitor
The controls displayed in the Workstation window when a Live
Monitor window (available on the System menu) is opened have
been changed in Vicon MX. For details on these user interface
changes, see Live Monitor on page 4-5.
•
Live Analog
Displays a window in which you can visualize analog data
streaming in real time from an analog device included in your
Vicon MX architecture. For details on this window, see Live Analog
on page 4-12.
•
Video Setup
Displays a set of dialog boxes in which you can view or specify
MX Control and MX camera connections and settings for the entire
system or for an individual session or trial. For details on the
options in these dialog boxes, see Video Setup on page 4-16.
•
Analog Setup
Displays a set of dialog boxes in which you can view or specify
analog device connections and settings for the entire system or
for an individual session or trial. For details on the options in these
dialog boxes, see Analog Setup on page 4-26.
•
Force Plates Setup
Displays a set of dialog boxes in which you can view or specify
force plate connections and settings for the entire system or for
an individual session or trial. For details on the options in these
dialog boxes, see Force Plates Setup on page 4-35.
•
Control Setup
Displays a dialog box in which you can view or specify settings for
a remote control device used to remotely trigger data capture on
the Vicon MX system. For details on the new options in this dialog
box, see Control Setup on page 4-40.
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•
Timecode Setup
Displays a dialog box in which you can view or specify settings for
using the genlock, timecode, and video burn-in window functions
if available from your MX Control. For details on the new options
in this dialog box, see Timecode Setup on page 4-43.
•
System Configuration
Displays a dialog box in which you can view or specify a system
profile. For details on the changes to options in this dialog box,
see System Configuration on page 4-48.
•
Calibrate Cameras
Displays a dialog box in which you can view or specify camera
calibration details or perform the camera calibration process. For
details on the new option in this dialog box, see Calibrate Cameras
on page 4-50.
•
Centroid Fitter Parameters
Displays a dialog box in which you can view or specify options for
post-processing centroid fitting. For details on this new menu
command, see Centroid Fitter Parameters on page 4-52.
Important
No other System menu commands have been added to or changed in
Vicon MX, so other menu commands are not described in this book. For details
on working with other commands, see The Vicon Manual.
When you select any System menu command that requires the MX cameras
to be live, they are automatically started, and the MX Connection dialog box
and a Searching for cameras information message are displayed while the
system identifies the number and type of cameras connected.
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Workstation Profiles
The Applies To field at the top of the MX Connection and various
Setup dialog boxes identifies the current Workstation context, which
determines the Workstation profile to which the settings in the dialog
box will be applied:
•
Profile type
Settings can be applied to the following Workstation profile types,
which are listed in their order of precedence from highest to
lowest:
•
SYSTEM DEFAULTS
No session is open. The settings in the dialog box apply to the
system defaults for all new sessions that are subsequently
created.
•
SESSION
A session is open, but no trial is loaded. The settings in the
dialog box apply to the open session.
•
LIVE CONNECTION
Vicon MX is connected (MX Connection dialog box only). The
settings in the dialog box apply to currently connected
MX cameras.
•
TRIAL
A session is open, and a trial is loaded. The settings in the
dialog box apply to the open trial.
•
Apply to <Profile type> (*.car)
This check box specifies whether or not the specified settings are
to be applied to the Capture Analog Reconstruction (.car) file for
the next higher profile type (as specified above) as well as to that
for the current profile type. This check box is not displayed in a
Setup dialog box for the top-level System Defaults profile type as
there is no profile type higher than that.
A .car file contains all the parameters required for Vicon capture
and reconstruction. When you specify a system configuration, a
.car file with the same name is created (for details, see System
Configuration on page 4-48). This .car file contains the default
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parameters for the system. In addition, a separate .car file exists
for each session in your Eclipse database; it contains the
parameters to be used for trials in that session. Whenever you
start a new session, Vicon MX creates a new session .car file by
making a copy of the system .car file. The parameters for a session
.car file are changed when you specify any setup or parameter
commands available from the System menu (such as Video
Setup and Centroid Fitter Parameters) while the session is
open.
Live Monitor
A Live Monitor window displays the data while it is being viewed by
the MX cameras. The Workstation window changes when a Live
Monitor window is opened, as shown in Figure 4-2.
Figure 4-2: Workstation window with Live Monitor window open
You can display this window in either of the following ways:
•
On the System menu, click Live Monitor.
•
On the Workstation tool bar, click the Live Monitor button (
Workstation System Reference
).
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When a window is opened, a checkmark (9) appears next to Live
Monitor on the System menu. If communications with the
MX cameras connected to an MX Net unit have not already been
established, Workstation attempts to do so via the Vicon Ethernet.
The MX Connections dialog box and a message are displayed during
this process (for details on this dialog box, see Video Setup on
page 4-16). The Live Monitor window updates its display while data
is being acquired, including during the calibration process.
At the top left side of the Live Monitor window, the frame rate for the
selected camera is displayed, for example, 100 Hz.
At the top right side of the Live Monitor window, the currently selected
camera’s position in Vicon MX is displayed. This is specified as the
physical path between Workstation and a particular connected
camera and its position on its associated MX Net unit. For example,
LIVE:2(6) indicates that the camera being viewed in the Live Monitor
window is connected to channel 6 of the second MX Net unit in
Vicon MX. If the currently viewed camera is the synchronization
master for Vicon MX, LIVE:Master is displayed.
More than one camera can be viewed simultaneously in a Live Monitor
window (except in Preview Mode, where only a single camera can
be viewed at one time; for details, see Chapter 3 View Menu in
Vicon MX). The Live Monitor window enables you to see how cameras
view images to be captured. This helps you to determine the best
settings for Threshold, Grayscale, Centroid Fitter, Threshold
Grid, and other options for each camera.
The following sections describe the options you can view and
configure in the specified configuration areas in the Workstation
window with a Live Monitor window open. For details on the View
menu commands available for a Live Monitor, see Chapter 3 View
Menu in Vicon MX.
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Camera Channel Bar
The Camera Channel Bar at the bottom of the Live Monitor window
provides the same functionality as it did in Vicon V-series systems.
This information is included here for completeness.
The Camera Channel Bar enables you to select one or more cameras
to display in the Live Monitor window:
•
TS
Click the up or down arrow buttons to move to the previous or next
camera. Alternatively, you can use the F3 and F4 function keys
to cycle upwards and downwards through the cameras.
•
Camera
Displays the number of the selected MX camera. If multiple
cameras are selected, displays the range from the first to the last
selected cameras.
•
123
Click the numbered button that corresponds to the desired camera
to select a specific camera directly. Alternatively, hold the CTRL
key and type in the camera number.
To superimpose multiple camera channels in the same Live
Monitor window, hold the SHIFT or CTRL keys while pressing the
desired camera buttons. The SHIFT key enables you to select
consecutive cameras; the CTRL key to select nonconsecutive
cameras.
The numbered buttons available depend on the Vicon MX
architecture configured at the time of the data capture. However,
not every numbered button will necessarily have had a camera
connected to provide data.
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Camera Settings Bar
The Camera Settings Bar on the right side of a Live Monitor window
contains controls for adjusting settings for the selected MX cameras.
The following sections describe the options you can configure in the
specified configuration areas in this bar.
Camera
The Camera field displays the currently selected camera to which the
specified camera settings will be applied. If more than one camera is
selected, the number of the first selected camera is displayed and the
settings are applied only to that camera. For details on selecting
cameras, see Camera Channel Bar on page 4-7.
Threshold
The Threshold slider adjusts the threshold for the minimum
brightness (intensity) between a value of 0-10. The threshold
determines the pixels to be considered for centroid fitting onboard the
MX cameras or for saving to an .x2d file. Pixels of an intensity lower
than the specified threshold are ignored.
Separate threshold settings can be specified for each camera.
Default: 5
Suggested setting: 1-3
Strobe
The Strobe slider adjusts the amount of light emitted by camera
strobe units between a value of 0-10. The higher the setting, the
larger the markers appear; however, grayscale blobs may be
produced from unwanted light sources, such as stray reflections from
other objects or surfaces in the capture volume and opposing strobe
units. Lower settings reduce unwanted light sources but make the
markers themselves less visible to the camera. For large capture
volumes, higher settings are recommended. For small capture
volumes and close-proximity work, lower settings are recommended.
Separate strobe settings can be specified for each camera.
Default: 5
Suggested setting: 8-10 (for a large capture volume)
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Gain
The Gain slider adjusts the digital amplification of the pixel value
between a factor of 1-4. For MX3 cameras, the gain is limited to a
factor of 2 due to the operation of its sensor.
If the image of the markers is not bright enough, it may be useful to
raise the gain setting for the camera to amplify and raise their
intensity.
Separate gain settings can be specified for each camera.
Default: 1
Suggested setting: 1-2 (for a large capture volume)
Circularity
The Circularity slider adjusts the circularity threshold used by the
centroid-fitting algorithms onboard the MX cameras between a value
of 0-100.
This circularity threshold determines how similar the shape of a
grayscale blob must be to the internal model of a marker—that is a
radially symmetric object that has smooth, sharp edges and whose
pixel intensity is brightest at the center and gradually fades towards
the edges. The MX cameras consider grayscale blobs with a circularity
equal to or greater than this threshold to be well-formed, circular
marker images and so generate centroids for these.
The higher the value, the more stringent the centroid fitter is; the
lower the value, the less stringent the centroid fitter is. You may wish
to apply higher settings for camera calibration to ensure that
Vicon MX selects the best markers and thus provides the best possible
calibration. A lower value may be appropriate for data capture.
Important
This value applies only to the centroid fitter on the MX cameras; it has no
effect on the offline centroid fitters available in Workstation (for details, see
Centroid Fitter Parameters on page 4-52).
Separate circularity settings can be specified for each camera.
Default: 50
Suggested setting: 55-75
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Sync Master
The Sync Master field identifies the component that is acting as the
synchronization master for Vicon MX:
•
Master: camera number (e.g. 2) is displayed if an MX camera is
assigned as the synchronization master.
•
MX Control is displayed if an MX Control unit is included in your
Vicon MX architecture. When present, it as always assigned as the
synchronization master.
For details on the role of the synchronization master in a Vicon MX
architecture, see the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book.
Show Status LEDs
The Show Status LEDs button enables the illumination of the strobe
unit status lights. When this button is pushed, the status lights on the
lower right of the front panel of the camera strobe unit provide
feedback on the status of that camera and its state within the
Workstation software. The green light indicates the camera’s
connection state, the yellow light indicates the camera’s enabled
state, and the blue light indicates the camera’s selection state.
For further details on the strobe unit status lights, see the Vicon MX
Hardware System Reference book.
Focus
The Focus button puts the selected camera into a mode in which you
can adjust the camera lens focus using an external VGA monitor. In
this mode, the strobe diodes are switched off and the MX camera
shutter interval is increased.
In order to output the camera data to the connected VGA monitor, you
must also switch the camera into monitor mode by pressing
CTRL+SHIFT+M. The camera automatically changes its frequency to
match the frequency of the VGA monitor and starts sending data to
it. The camera remains in this mode until you either manually switch
off monitor mode (by pressing CTRL+SHIFT+M) or reboot the camera
from Reprogram Firmware dialog box in Workstation (for details,
see Reprogram on page 4-23). If you fail to switch off monitor mode,
the frequency of this camera may be out of sync with other
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MX cameras in the system.
For details on VGA monitor mode and on focusing camera lenses, see
the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book.
Cameras
The Cameras button displays the MX Connection dialog box, in
which you can specify which of the connected MX cameras to use and
the frame rate at which to operate them. For details on this dialog box,
see Video Setup on page 4-16.
Threshold Grid
The Threshold Grid button overlays a grid on the image in the Live
Monitor window when the system is in Diagnostic Mode (available
on the View menu). You also can click Threshold Grid on the View
menu.
Within the threshold grid, you specify cells in which to use or ignore
camera data: inactive cells to be ignored are marked with a cross (X).
This enables you to obscure unwanted noise in the view of the
camera, such as opposing strobe lights, to prevent the camera from
becoming overloaded.
Important
The MX cameras do not capture or save the data that is masked out by the
Threshold grid during data capture, so this data is not available for offline
viewing or processing in Workstation.
For further details on using the threshold grid, including shortcut
keys, see Chapter 3 View Menu in Vicon MX.
Clear
The Clear button clears the threshold grid data for the currently
selected camera. For details on using the threshold grid, see
Chapter 3 View Menu in Vicon MX.
Save All
The Save All button saves the threshold grid data for all cameras. For
details on using the threshold grid, see Chapter 3 View Menu in
Vicon MX.
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Close
The Close button closes the Live Monitor window. Alternatively, you
can close the window using the Windows close button on the top-right
side of the window or by clicking Live Monitor on the System menu.
When a Live Monitor window is closed, the checkmark (9) next to Live
Monitor on the System menu is cleared.
Live Analog
The Live Analog window displays analog data streaming in real time
from an analog device included in your Vicon MX architecture. The
Workstation window changes when a Live Analog window is opened,
as shown in Figure 4-3.
Figure 4-3: Workstation window with Live Analog window open
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The Live Analog command on the System menu displays the Live
Analog window. When a window is opened, a checkmark (9) appears
next to Live Monitor on the System menu.
Important
Before you can open a Live Analog window, you must have an analog device
connected to your MX Control and have configured the Analog Setup dialog
box. For details on the MX Control, see the Vicon MX Hardware System
Reference book. For details on configuring the Analog Setup dialog box, see
Analog Setup on page 4-26).
At the top right side of the Live Analog window, the channel number
is displayed, for example, CH1 *. More than one channel can be
viewed simultaneously in a Live Analog window. The Live Analog
window updates its display while data is being acquired.
The following sections describe the options you can view and
configure in the specified configuration areas in the Workstation
window with a Live Analog window open.
Analog Channel Bar
The Analog Channel Bar on the right side of a Live Analog window
contains controls for adjusting the display of streamed analog data:
•
Analog Channels
The available channels for the analog equipment. Channels that
are enabled for use are marked with an asterisk (*). Click the
check box that corresponds to the desired channel to display that
channel’s data in the Live Analog window.
•
Update
Updates the RealTime Analog graph to show the traces for the
selected analog channels.
•
Mode
Enables you to specify how to show traces from multiple channels:
•
Stacked: Show each channel trace in its own RealTime analog
graph in the Live Analog window.
•
Overlapped: Show all channel traces in a single RealTime
analog graph in the Live Analog window.
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•
Autoscale
Whether or not to have Workstation automatically scale the
Y axis. If selected, a check mark (9) appears in the check box.
RealTime Analog Graph
The RealTime Analog Graph in the middle of the Live Analog
window displays the traces for RealTime data being streamed from
the analog channels selected in the Analog Channel Bar.
The vertical ruler (Y axis) indicates the scale of the analog data that
is being plotted. The horizontal ruler (X axis) indicates the time in
seconds.
If multiple channels are selected, each trace is displayed in a different
color for comparison purposes. You can specify whether to stack or
overlap the traces in the Analog Channel Bar. Figure 4-4 shows
stacked traces for three channels.
Figure 4-4: Multiple RealTime Graph Traces — Stacked Mode
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Live Analog Tool Bar
The buttons on the Live Analog Tool Bar at the top of the Live Analog
window enables you to control the display of the analog data:
Resume All (Tracking)
Starts displaying RealTime data in the Live Analog window.
Resumes the display if it has been paused.
Pause All (Tracking)
Stops or pauses the display of RealTime data.
Scroll (Axes)
Scrolls the display of data horizontally when the X axis is
dragged left or right, or vertically when the Y axis is dragged
up or down.
Zoom (Axes)
Zooms the display to the selected points along the X and Y axes.
Zoom Out All Axes
Zooms the display out.
Zoom In All Axes
Zooms the display in.
Zoom
Zooms the display into the area within the drawn box.
Cursor
Displays a vertical cursor bar from a selected X value. The
cursor can be dragged left and right to display more data to the
left or right of the selected X value.
Copy to Clipboard
Copies a screen shot of the current display to the Windows
clipboard. The resulting .bmp file can be pasted into other
applications.
Save to File
Saves a screen shot of the current display as a .bmp file to the
location you specify.
Print
Sends a screen shot of the current display to the default printer.
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Video Setup
The Video Setup command on the System menu displays the Video
Setup dialog box, in which you can specify the MX cameras in use and
the frame rate at which to operate them.
The type of Video Setup command available on the System menu
depends upon the current Workstation context: System, Session, or
Trial (for details, see Workstation Profiles on page 4-4).
Figure 4-5 illustrates the Video Setup dialog box displayed for the
System context.
Figure 4-5: Video Setup dialog box for System
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Figure 4-6 illustrates the Video Setup dialog box for a Session.
Figure 4-6: Video Setup dialog box for Session
Figure 4-7 illustrates the Video Setup dialog box displayed for a Trial.
Figure 4-7: Video Setup dialog box for Trial
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The following sections describe the options you can view and
configure in the specified configuration areas in a Video Setup dialog
box. When you have set the desired options, either click OK to accept
the changes and close the Video Setup dialog box or click Cancel
to close it without saving any changes to frame rate settings in the
Camera Mode field.
Important
Before you can specify any Video Setup settings, you must first complete
the System Configuration dialog box (for details, see System Configuration
on page 4-48).
The MX Connection dialog box that is displayed when Workstation attempts
to connect to the MX Cameras or when you click the Cameras button in a
Live Monitor window, contains the same settings as this Video Setup dialog
box. Descriptions of the settings in the Video Setup dialog box apply equally
to the MX Connection dialog box.
Applies To
The Applies To field in the Video Setup dialog box identifies how
the settings in this dialog box will be applied:
•
Profile type
Identifies the Workstation profile type to which the settings are
to be applied.
•
Apply to <Profile type> (*.car)
This check box specifies whether or not the settings in this dialog
box are to be applied to the .car file for the next higher profile type
as well as to that for the current profile type.
For further information on these details, see Workstation Profiles on
page 4-4.
MX Control Detected
The text field to the right of the Camera Details label indicates
whether an MX Control is included in your Vicon MX architecture. If
so, MX Control detected is displayed; otherwise, this text field is
blank.
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Camera Details
The Camera Details list in the Video Setup dialog box displays the
following details for the MX cameras related to the System profile or
to the current Session, Live Connection, or Trial profile:
•
User ID
The sequential IDs for the MX cameras. This ID is used to identify
the cameras (e.g. in the camera calibration (.cp) files); the
camera maintains this ID regardless of which MX Net connector
it is plugged into. An asterisk (*) is displayed next to cameras that
are enabled for capture.
Users can change the User ID for a camera by changing its position
in this column, using the Up and Down buttons (described
below).
•
Cam ID
The unique ID assigned to the MX camera during manufacture.
This ID remains the same, regardless of the camera’s relative
position in the list.
•
Resolution
The camera’s sensor resolution (H x V) in pixels, for example
2352x1728 for an MX40. For details on camera sensor resolution,
see the Vicon MX System Hardware Reference book.
•
IP Address
The Internet Protocol (IP) address assigned to the MX camera.
This is in standard IP address format and in the range
192.168.10.2 to 192.168.10.x (the host PC on the Vicon
Ethernet network has the IP address 192.168.10.1).
IP addresses are assigned dynamically when the camera appears
on the network, so this address can change each time Vicon MX
is started up. These details are available for a System or Session
profile; they are not displayed for the current Trial profile.
•
MAC Address
The Media Access Control (MAC) address assigned to the camera
during manufacture. This is a hexadecimal value, for example
00.03.37.00.00.4F. These details are available for a System
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profile; they are not displayed for the current Session or Trial
profile.
•
Firmware
The results of checking the compatibility of the camera firmware
with the current version of the Workstation software:
•
Okay
•
Too old
•
Too new
If Too old or Too new is displayed, you must reprogram your
camera firmware. For details, see Reprogram on page 4-23.
The following controls in this configuration area of the Video Setup
dialog box are available only for a System or a Live Connection profile;
they are not relevant for the current Session or Trial profile:
•
Up
Move the selected camera entry up one position in the list. This
reassigns the camera’s User ID.
•
Down
Move the selected camera down one entry in the list. This
reassigns the camera’s User ID.
•
Enable
Enable or disable the selected cameras for capture. An asterisk (*)
is displayed next to the entry in the User ID column for cameras
that are enabled. Alternatively, you can double-click on the
camera entry to enable or disable it.
Important
When you move a camera, by default a warning message is displayed,
describing the possible effects the move may have on the system calibration.
You can specify whether or not this message is displayed by selecting or
clearing Warn when User ID is changed in the User Preferences dialog
box. For details, see Chapter 2 File Menu in Vicon MX.
For further details on these profile types, see Workstation Profiles on
page 4-4.
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Camera Mode
The Camera Mode list box in the Video Setup dialog box enables
you to select the camera frame rate in frames per second (fps) the
Vicon cameras use for data capture. This assumes that MX was specified for System Type in the System Configuration dialog box (for
details, see System Configuration on page 4-48). This list box is available for a System or Session profile; it is unavailable for a Trial profile.
MX Camera Frame Rates
MX cameras are capable of capturing up to 2,000 fps. The actual
frequency Workstation uses is based on the Vicon system internal
clock rather than on the video frame rates of 25 Hz (PAL and SECAM)
or 29.97 Hz (NTSC). Therefore, the rates you can select are those
integers that divide exactly into the internal clock rate of 120 kHz.
Select the appropriate frame rate (in fps) for your MX cameras:
50
120
250
600
1,250
60
125
300
625
1,500
64
150
320
750
1,600
75
160
375
800
1,875
80
192
400
960
2,000
96
200
480
1,000
100
240
500
1,200
If your Vicon MX system is genlocked to an external video device, the
exact value closest to the displayed integer is used. For example, if
your system is genlocked to an NTSC video device and you select a
camera frame rate of 60 fps, the MX cameras actually capture at the
rate of 59.94 fps. For further details, see Genlock Availability and
Status on page 4-22.
Be aware that at higher frame rates, the MX camera sensor must use
vertical windowing, which reduces the sensor area used for capture.
You can see the results of vertical windowing in Preview mode, where
horizontal lines depict the top and bottom of the reduced sensor area.
For details on MX camera sensors and on genlocking to external video
devices, see the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference. For details on
Preview mode, see Chapter 3 View Menu in Vicon MX.
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Buffer Size (MB)
The Buffer Size (MB) spin box in the Video Setup dialog box is
available only for a System or Live Connection profile; it is not
displayed in the dialog box for the current Session or Trial profile.
The Buffer Size (MB) spin box enables you to specify the amount
of data buffering that takes place on the host PC when receiving data
from the MX cameras. You can specify a buffer size between 32 and
128 MB; the default is 64 MB. The setting applies only to the current
session; it reverts to the default value the next time the Video Setup
dialog box is opened.
Higher buffers sizes typically make larger post-trigger capture times
available. Post triggering enables the system to capture events that
have already happened. This is useful, for example, for subjects
whose movement is difficult to predict, such as children or animals.
You enable post triggering in the Data Capture dialog box (available
from the Trial Types command on the Trial menu). For details, see
the "Essentials of Motion Capture" section in The Vicon Manual.
The percentage of buffer capacity remaining during capture is
displayed on the Frames transferred line in the Data Capture
dialog box, which is displayed when you click the Start or Stop
buttons during data capture. If the entire buffer capacity is used, data
capture stops.
Genlock Availability and Status
The text field below the Camera Mode field indicates whether
genlock functionality is available through the MX Control unit in your
Vicon MX system architecture and gives its active state:
•
Genlock unavailable and inactive
•
Genlock available but inactive
•
Genlock available and active
Genlock synchronizes the MX cameras to the scan rate of an incoming
video signal connected through the MX Control. For example, you can
genlock your Vicon MX system to a PAL or SECAM video device that
operates at multiples of 25 Hz or to an NTSC video device that
operates at multiples of 29.97 Hz. For details on genlocking to
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external video devices, see the Vicon MX Hardware System
Reference.
You enable genlock functionality in the Timecode Setup dialog box
(for details, see Timecode Setup on page 4-43).
If genlock is enabled, ensure that the MX camera frame rate is set to
an appropriate value in the Camera Mode entry field (for details, see
Camera Mode on page 4-21).
Reprogram
The Reprogram button in the Video Setup dialog box is available
only for a System or Live Connection profile; it is not displayed for the
current Session or Trial profile. For details on these profile types, see
Workstation Profiles on page 4-4.
The Reprogram button displays the Reprogram Firmware dialog
box, as shown in Figure 4-8.
Figure 4-8: Reprogram Firmware dialog box
The Reprogram Firmware dialog box enables you to view version
information for the processing devices in the MX cameras and the
MX Control (if present in your Vicon MX architecture). It also enables
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you to update the firmware for these MX devices via the Vicon
Ethernet network. When you have finished viewing or updating the
firmware, click Close to close the Reprogram Firmware dialog box
and return to the Video Setup dialog box.
The following sections describe the options you can view and
configure in the specified configuration areas in the Reprogram
Firmware dialog box.
Firmware File
The Firmware File field of the Reprogram Firmware dialog box
enables you to specify the location of the Vicon MX firmware update
file to be applied to the specified MX cameras or MX Control.
Use the Browse button ( ) to navigate to and select the
MXFirmware_<version no>.mxe file from the folder into which you
copied the supplied update files.
Devices
The Devices configuration area enables you to specify the
MX devices to which to apply firmware updates.
Cameras
The Cameras list in the Reprogram Firmware dialog box specifies
the MX cameras whose firmware is to be reprogrammed:
•
Camera selection list
Select or clear a specific camera. A check mark (;) appears next
to selected cameras.
•
Select All
Selects all the cameras in the list.
•
Select None
Clears all camera selections in the list.
Include MX Control
The Include MX Control check box specifies whether or not the
MX Control firmware is to be reprogrammed. If an MX Control is not
present in your Vicon MX architecture, this check box is unavailable.
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Get Versions
The Get Versions button displays in the Output window at the
bottom of the dialog box the current firmware versions for each
camera selected in the Cameras list and the MX Control if Include
MX Control is selected.
Reprogram
The Reprogram button activates the reprogramming function, which
sends the firmware updates contained in the .mxe file specified in the
Firmware File configuration area to the cameras selected in the
Cameras list and to the MX Control if Include MX Control is
selected. Feedback information is displayed in the Output window at
the bottom of the dialog box.
Reboot
The Reboot button resets the cameras selected in the Cameras list
and the MX Control if Include MX Control is selected.
Output
The Output field in the Reprogram Firmware dialog box displays
feedback information when the Get Versions, Reprogram, or
Reboot buttons are pressed.
When all the MX devices (MX cameras, MX Control) selected in the
Devices configuration area have been reprogrammed, the
Programming of all devices complete notification message is
displayed and the devices are rebooted and ready for use.
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Analog Setup
The Analog Setup command on the System menu displays the
Analog Setup dialog box, in which you can specify the settings for
third-party analog devices connected to the MX Control. This
command is available only if you have included analog data capture
hardware in your Vicon MX system architecture.
The type of Analog Setup command available on the System menu
depends upon the current Workstation context: System, Session, or
Trial (for details, see Workstation Profiles on page 4-4).
Figure 4-9 illustrates the Analog Setup dialog box displayed for the
System context.
Figure 4-9: Analog Setup dialog box for System
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Figure 4-10 illustrates the Analog Setup dialog box displayed for a
Session or a Trial context.
Figure 4-10: Analog Setup dialog box for Session or Trial
When the analog ADC card in the MX Control measures an analog
signal, it must first convert the measured, digitized value (in bits) to
the real-world physical values. It adjusts the channel signal and then
scales it using the following calculation:
output_value=(deflection - offset) x ch_scale x gen_scale
where:
output_value
is the physical value the analog data represents
(e.g. forces, moments, or voltage).
The units of measure for this value are specified in
the Units field in the Channels area of the Analog
Setup dialog box (for details, see Channels on
page 4-32).
deflection
is the point at which the analog signal crosses the
ADC card input range. The 16-bit analog ADC card
in an MX Control has a range of 0-65,536.
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offset
is the value (in bits) for the midpoint of the
dynamic range of the analog card. This midpoint
establishes the zero baseline for the captured data
signal.
For the 16-bit ADC card in the MX Control, this
value is 32,768 (i.e. 215), which represents half of
the full ADC resolution of 65,536 (i.e. 216). This
value may be adjusted to account for small DC
offsets introduced by your equipment.
This value is specified in the Offset field in the
Channels area of the Analog Setup dialog box
(for details, see Channels on page 4-32).
ch_scale
is the scale to be applied as a conversion factor
between the raw input data (i.e. voltages from the
external devices, which the ADC card reads as bit
values in the dynamic range of the analog card)
and the desired output (e.g. forces, moments, or
voltage). You can derive this information from the
specifications of the connected analog device.
This factor is applied to a specific channel.
This value is specified in the Scale field in the
Channels area of the Analog Setup dialog box
(for details, see Channels on page 4-32).
gen_scale
is the scale to be applied as a conversion factor
between the raw input data and the desired output
(as for ch_scale).
This factor is applied to all channels (in addition to
the specific factor specified in ch_scale for each
channel).
This value is specified in the General Scale field
in the Analog Setup dialog box (for details, see
General Scale on page 4-31).
You specify some of these values in the Analog Setup dialog box,
and the system calculates others.
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The following sections describe the options you can view and
configure in the specified configuration areas in the Analog Setup
dialog box. When you have set the desired options, either click OK
to accept the changes and close the Analog Setup dialog box or click
Cancel to close it without saving any changes.
Important
Before you can specify any Analog Setup settings, you must first complete
the System Configuration dialog box and the Video Setup dialog box (for
details, see System Configuration on page 4-48 and Video Setup on
page 4-16).
Applies To
The Applies To field in the Analog Setup dialog box identifies how
the settings in this dialog box will be applied:
•
Profile type
Identifies the Workstation profile type to which the settings are
to be applied.
•
Apply to <Profile type> (*.car)
This check box specifies whether or not the settings in this dialog
box are to be applied to the .car file for the next higher profile type
as well as to that for the current profile type.
For further information on these details, see Workstation Profiles on
page 4-4.
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MX Control ADC Board
The MX Control ADC Board configuration area identifies the type of
analog ADC card installed in the MX Control and enables you to
specify the settings for the connected analog device:
•
Installed Analog Option Cards
The number and type of analog option cards installed:
If one analog or audio ADC card is installed, either of the following
is displayed:
64 Channel Analog Card
OR
4 Channel Audio Card
If two analog ADC cards are installed, the following text is
displayed:
A - 64 Channel Analog Card
B - 64 Channel Analog Card
Important
There can be up to two analog ADC cards installed in an MX Control. There
can be only one audio ADC card installed in an MX Control; if present, it can
be the only ADC card installed. For details on installing analog ADC cards in
your MX Control, see the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book.
Sampling Frequency
The Sampling Frequency list box in the Analog Setup dialog box
enables you to specify the data sampling frequency in Hz the
MX analog channels use. Valid frequencies depend upon the
MX camera frame rate. For details on MX camera frame rate, see
Camera Mode on page 4-21. For details on ADC cards in Vicon MX,
see the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book.
The higher the sampling frequency, the fewer analog channels there
are available. Workstation automatically adjusts the number of
entries in the list of analog channels available for sampling at this
frequency.
The actual frequency Workstation uses is based on the Vicon internal
analog sample clock rate of 135,000,000 Hz. The minimum number
of analog sample clock ticks between successive analog samples
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supported by the analog ADC card is 702. The analog sample
frequencies that Workstation includes in the Sampling Frequency
list box are those integer multiples of the video frame rate established
for the system that can be divided into the analog sample clock rate
and result in an integer value greater than 702.
If this integer value is lower than 702, the proposed analog sampling
frequency is too high to support even a single MX analog channel. If
this integer value is greater than 702, the proposed analog sampling
frequency is appropriate to support at least one MX analog channel.
Workstation then calculates the number of available MX analog
channels by halving the integer value while simultaneously doubling
the number of channels from 1. The number of available channels is
determined as the point at which halving the integer value would
result in a value below 702 or doubling the number of channels would
result in a greater number than are available in the system.
For an MX Control with 128 analog channels, Workstation performs
the above process independently for each 64 channel ADC card;
therefore, any frequency that is allowed for 64 channels is also
allowed for 128 channels.
Be aware that at high camera frame rates (above 500 fps) with
different analog ADC card configurations installed in the MX Control,
fewer frequencies and channels may be available.
General Scale
The General Scale entry field in the Analog Setup dialog box
enables you to specify the scale to be applied as a conversion factor
between the raw input data (voltages from the external devices,
which the ADC card reads as bit values in the range 0-65,536) and
the desired output (e.g. forces, moments, or voltage). This factor is
applied to all channels.
You are recommended to leave the general scale set to the default
of 1 and specify the conversion factor for each channel in the Scale
field in the Channels configuration area (for details, see Channels on
page 4-32).
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Force Plates
The Force Plates button in the Analog Setup dialog box opens the
Force Plates Setup dialog box, in which you can configure the
parameters for force plates connected to the Vicon system. For
details, see Force Plates Setup on page 4-35.
Channels
The Channels configuration area enables you to specify the settings
for each available channel of the connected analog device (you can
obtain some of this information from the analog device specifications
supplied by the manufacturer):
•
Physical Channel Number
The number of the physical channel to which the associated
analog signal is attached. Select the Capture check box to enable
the channel for data capture. You can enable or disable all
channels using the Capture All or Capture None buttons.
•
Label
Any text you want to use to identify the selected channel.
•
Description
Any text you want to use to describe the function of the selected
channel.
•
Input
The resolution (or scale to mark the measurement) of the input
voltage of the analog signal read by the ADC card:
+/+/+/+/-
10V (default)
5V
2.5V
1.25V
For example, by default the resolution of incoming analog signals
is marked in ranges of 20 V (that is, 10 V either side of the zero
baseline for the captured data signal specified in the Offset field
in this configuration area). For an input of +/-5V, the resolution
of incoming analog signals is marked in ranges of 10.
This value should be set appropriately for the output voltage
specified by the manufacturer of the connected device.
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•
Scale
The specific scale value for the selected channel. You can derive
this information from the specifications of the analog device. If
you are using a force plate, you must calculate this value based
on the manufacturer-supplied sensitivity matrices and some of
the values specified in this Channels configuration area (for
details, see Appendix A AMTI Force Plate Configuration).
The data displayed in the RealTime analog graph are the raw bitvalues collected from the selected ADC channel and multiplied by
this value. The RealTime analog graph data are not converted into
the global coordinate system specified for the Vicon system. For
details on the analog graph, see RealTime Analog Graph on
page 4-14.
•
Offset
The offset value (in bits) of the analog device to set the midpoint
of the dynamic range of the analog card. This midpoint establishes
the zero baseline for the captured data signal. This value may be
adjusted to account for small DC offsets introduced by your
equipment.
This offset also is applied to the data displayed in the RealTime
analog graph (for details, see RealTime Analog Graph on
page 4-14).
•
Units
The unit of measure to be applied to the measured analog signal.
For example, some force plate output channels relate to forces,
which are measured in N (Newtons), and other force plate output
channels relate to moments, which are measured in Nmm
(Newton millimeters).
These units are displayed on the vertical axis of a pop-up analog
graph (accessed from the Analog command on the Graph menu)
in a trial with analog data.
•
Channel Information List
A summary of the details specified for each of the available
channels. Channels that are enabled for use are marked with an
asterisk (*) in the En column in the list.
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•
Reset
Resets all the fields in the Channels configuration area to their
default values.
•
Reset All
Reset all channel settings to those that were current when the
Analog Setup dialog box was opened.
•
Capture All
Enable capture on all the channels for the analog device. Channels
that are enabled for use are marked with an asterisk (*) in the En
column in the list in the Channels configuration area.
•
Capture None
Disable capture on all available channels for the analog device.
Analog Display
The Analog Display at the bottom of the Analog Setup dialog box
enables you to view and manipulate the analog data being streamed
from a single selected channel. The Live Analog tool bar and RealTime
analog graph in this configuration area are identical to those in the
Live Analog window (for details, see Live Analog on page 4-12.)
Important
The Analog Display configuration area is available only for a System or Live
Connection profile; it is not displayed in the dialog box for the current Session
or Trial profiles.
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Force Plates Setup
The Force Plates Setup command on the System menu displays the
Force Plates Setup dialog box, in which you can configure the
settings for third-party force plates connected to the MX Control. You
can also display this dialog box by clicking the Force Plates button
on the Analog Setup dialog box (for details, see Analog Setup on
page 4-26).
Important
This command is available only if an analog data capture device is included
in your Vicon MX system architecture. Before you can specify any Force
Plates Setup settings, you must first complete the System Configuration
dialog box, the Video Setup dialog box, and the Analog Setup dialog box
(for details, see System Configuration on page 4-48, Video Setup on
page 4-16, and Analog Setup on page 4-26).
The type of Force Plates Setup command available on the System
menu depends upon the current Workstation context: System,
Session, or Trial (for details, see Workstation Profiles on page 4-4).
Figure 4-11 illustrates a Force Plates Setup dialog box for a System.
Figure 4-11: Force Plates Setup dialog box for System
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Figure 4-12 illustrates a Force Plates Setup dialog box for a Session
or a Trial.
Figure 4-12: Force Plates Setup dialog box for Trial with AMTI force plate
The contents of the Force Plates Setup dialog box depend upon the
type of force plate selected.
The following sections describe the options you can view and
configure in the specified configuration areas in a Force Plates
Setup dialog box. When you have set the desired options, either click
OK to accept the changes and close the Force Plates Setup dialog
box or click Cancel to close it without saving any changes.
Applies To
The Applies To field in the Force Plates Setup dialog box identifies
how the settings in this dialog box will be applied:
•
Profile type
Identifies the Workstation profile type to which the settings are
to be applied.
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•
Apply to <Profile type> (*.car)
This check box specifies whether or not the settings in this dialog
box are to be applied to the .car file for the next higher profile type
as well as to that for the current profile type.
For further information on these details, see Workstation Profiles on
page 4-4.
Zero Sample Range
The Zero Sample Range fields in the Force Plates Setup dialog box
specify the range over which the input signal is expected to be zero
for all force plate analog channels. This is used to automatically
determine the zero offset of the force plate channels. When the Reset
Force Plate Offsets command is selected from the Trial menu, the
range specified in this Force Plates Setup dialog box is averaged and
used to set the zero baseline.
Force Plates List
The Force Plates List in the Force Plates Setup dialog box shows
the force plates that have been configured for use.
Use the Add button to create a new entry to the force plates list. You
must supply the appropriate parameter values for each force plate
you add. Use the Delete button to remove the selected force plate
configuration. Any remaining force plates are renumbered.
Force Plate Type
The Force Plate Type drop-down list enables you to select the type
of force plate to be configured:
•
"AMTI" with c.o.p. + Mz
•
"AMTI" with Mx, My, Mz
•
Kistler with 8 channel output
•
"AMTI" with full calibration matrix
•
Kyowa-Dengyo 8 channel output
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Origin
The Origin configuration area in the Force Plates Setup dialog box
enables you to configure the force plate origin. The origin depends on
the type of force plate and the method of manufacture:
•
AMTI: The origin is the point about which the moment outputs of
the force plate are measured. The manufacturer supplies an exact
set of origin coordinates (Xo, Yo, Zo) with each individual force
plate.
•
Kistler/Kyowa-Dengyo: The origin lies at the horizontal center of
the forces plate’s four transducers at a distance Zo below the
surface. For each individual force plate, the manufacturer supplies
the value of Zo as well as two values, A and B, which are equal
to half the separations of the transducer horizontal axes. The
values of A, B, and Zo supplied by the manufacturer map to X, Y,
and Z respectively in this Origin configuration area.
In all cases, the origin is independent of the mounting positions and
orientation of the force plate.
Corners
The Corners configuration area in the Force Plates Setup dialog
box enables you to define the position and orientation of the selected
force plate in your Vicon calibrated coordinate system.
The four corners are numbered clockwise when viewing the force
plate from above, where 1 is the corner that has positive values for
both X and Y in the embedded coordinate system defined by the force
plate manufacturer.
Once you have identified the corner numbers, you must define their
position in the Vicon calibrated coordinate system by specifying the
X, Y, and Z value for fields 1, 2, 3, and 4 in this Corners configuration
area. If you are using more than one force plate, you must accurately
specify the corners of each in relation to the Vicon calibrated
coordinate system.
Channels
The Channels configuration area in the Force Plates Setup dialog
box enables you to select the physical analog channel to which the
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associated force plate signal is attached. The content of this
configuration area changes to reflect the signals available for the
force plate selected in Force Plate Type.
You must calculate an appropriate analog scale for each of the force
plate channels. For details, see Appendix A AMTI Force Plate
Configuration.
Calibration Matrix
The Calibration Matrix button in the Force Plates Setup dialog box
is displayed only if you have selected "AMTI" with full calibration
matrix in the Force Plate Type field; it is not relevant for the other
force plates.
The Calibration Matrix button displays the Calibration Matrix
dialog box, as shown in Figure 4-13.
Figure 4-13: Calibration Matrix dialog box
In the Calibration Matrix dialog box, you enter the values from the
inverted sensitivity matrix supplied by the force plate manufacturer.
Workstation uses these values when calculating forces and moments
from force plate data.
You must enter the values in Newtons per microvolt (N/µV) for force
channels and in Newton millimeters per microvolt (Nmm/µV) for
moments. If the values for the moment channels in the sensitivity
matrix supplied by the force plate manufacturer are in Newton meters
per microvolt (Nm/µV), you must convert them to Nmm/µV before
entering the values in this Calibration Matrix dialog box. For further
details, see Appendix A AMTI Force Plate Configuration.
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Control Setup
The Control Setup command on the System menu displays the
Remote Control Setup dialog box, in which you can view or specify
settings for a remote control device used to remotely trigger data
capture on the Vicon MX system.
The type of Control Setup command available on the System menu
depends upon the current Workstation context: System, Session, or
Trial (for details, see Workstation Profiles on page 4-4).
Figure 4-14 illustrates the Remote Control Setup dialog box
displayed for the System context.
Figure 4-14: Remote Control Setup dialog box for System
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Figure 4-15 illustrates the Remote Control Setup dialog box
displayed for a Session or a Trial context.
Figure 4-15: Remote Control Setup dialog box for Session or Trial
The following sections describe the options you can view and
configure in the specified configuration areas in a Remote Control
Setup dialog box. When you have set the desired options, either click
OK to accept the changes and close the Remote Control Setup
dialog box or click Cancel to close it without saving any changes.
Applies To
The Applies To field in the Remote Control Setup dialog box
identifies how the settings in this dialog box will be applied:
•
Profile type
Identifies the Workstation profile type to which the settings are
to be applied.
•
Apply to <Profile type> (*.car)
This check box specifies whether or not the settings in this dialog
box are to be applied to the .car file for the next higher profile type
as well as to that for the current profile type.
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For further information on these details, see Workstation Profiles on
page 4-4.
Video Recorder
The Video Recorder configuration area in the Remote Control
Setup dialog box is not available in Vicon MX.
Remote Triggering
The Remote Triggering configuration area in the Remote Control
Setup dialog box enables you to specify whether to enable Start and
Stop functionality in the external remote control device to be used
to trigger data capture. The Pause, Resume, and Wait for Arm
options for enabling remote triggers are not available in Vicon MX.
The remote control device must be connected to your MX Control (for
details, see the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book).
Frame Counter
The Frame Counter configuration area in the Remote Control
Setup dialog box is not available in Vicon MX.
External Clock
The External Clock configuration area in the Remote Control
Setup dialog box enables you to specify the Vicon MX clock speed,
which an external device can use to trigger data capture:
•
Output frequency
The output frequency in Hz for the external clock. The values that
can be selected from this drop-down list are multiples of the
camera frame rate specified in the Camera Mode field in the
Video Setup dialog box (for details, see Camera Mode on
page 4-21).
For further details, also see the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference
book.
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Timecode Setup
The Timecode Setup command on the System menu displays the
MX Timecode Setup dialog box, shown in Figure 4-16. New options
have been added and the layout of this dialog box has changed for
Vicon MX.
Figure 4-16: Timecode Setup dialog box
This command is available only if you have an MX Control with the
Genlock and Timecode option included in your Vicon MX architecture.
For details, see the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book.
The MX Timecode Setup dialog box enables you to view or specify
settings for using the genlock, timecode, and video burn-in window
functions available from an MX Control.
The following sections describe the options you can configure in the
specified configuration areas in the MX Timecode Setup dialog box.
Once you have specified the desired settings, click Close to accept
the settings and close the dialog box. You can then configure
Workstation to automatically start and stop data capture based on the
decoded timecode in the Timecode Triggering dialog box (also
available from the System menu).
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Genlock Settings
The Genlock Settings configuration area in the MX Timecode
Setup dialog box enables you to specify the settings for an external
video source to which the MX Control is to genlock:
•
Active sources
The type of video source that can be used: PAL/NTSC.
•
Detected Standard
The type of video standard supported by the connected video
source.
•
Enable Genlock
Enables or disables genlock on your Vicon MX system.
•
Available
Whether or not genlock functionality is available.
•
Active
Whether or not any available genlock functionality is currently
active.
For further details on the use of genlock functionality in Vicon MX, see
the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book.
Genlock Video Rates
The Genlock Video Rates configuration area in the MX Timecode
Setup dialog box is available only if the Enable Genlock button in
the Genlock Settings configuration area has been pressed.
In the Genlock Video Rates configuration area you specify the
frame rate at which to synchronize the MX cameras and the incoming
video signal:
•
Available Rates
The frame rate in Hz the MX cameras use for data capture. The
values that can be selected from this drop-down list are multiples
of the genlocked signal frequency.
•
Set Frame Rate Now
Sets the camera frame rate to the value specified in the Available
Rates field. If you select a frame rate that is inconsistent with that
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specified for other devices connected to the MX Control, a warning
message is displayed.
•
Current Rate
The frame rate currently in use.
Timecode
The Timecode configuration area in the MX Timecode Setup dialog
box enables you to specify the settings for an external source with
which the MX Control is to synchronize timecode:
•
Active Sources
The timecode format to be used: VITC, LTC, or
Internal (Vicon MX).
•
Standard
The type of video standard supported by the connected video
source: PAL or NTSC.
•
Enable Timecode
Enables or disables timecode for your Vicon MX system.
•
Available
Whether or not timecode functionality is available.
•
Value
If timecode is not enabled Unavailable is displayed. If timecode
is enabled, the current timecode is displayed in standard timecode
format:
hh:mm:ss:ff
where:
hh = hours (0-23)
mm = minutes (0-59)
ss = seconds (0-59)
ff = frames (0-24 for PAL/SECAM, 0-29 for NTSC)
For NTSC, the separator character changes between a colon (:)
for non-drop frames and a semicolon (;) for drop frames.
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For further details on the use of timecode functionality in Vicon MX,
see the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book.
Internal Timecode
The Internal Timecode configuration area in the MX Timecode
Setup dialog box is available only if Internal has been selected from
the Active Sources drop-down list and the Enable Timecode
button has been pressed in the Timecode configuration area.
In the Internal Timecode configuration area in the MX Timecode
Setup dialog box you specify the settings for when the MX Control is
to act as a master timecode generator for external devices:
•
hmsf
Enables you to set the starting point for the timecode in standard
timecode format of hh:mm:ss:ff (for details, see Timecode on
page 4-45).
•
Set Timecode Now
Sets the Vicon MX internal timecode to the value specified above.
•
Frame Offset
Enables you to specify an offset to be added to the LTC frame
number, for example if the LTC frame count is 10 and an offset
of 2 is specified, MX Control outputs a frame count of 12. This
enables you to account for frame stores down stream and give the
correct timecode when it is read by the receiving device.
•
Drop frames where relevant
Enables MX Control to drop appropriate frames to adjust for the
NTSC video standard.
For example, NTSC is based on multiples of 29.97 Hz, which is
typically displayed in multiples of 30 in user interfaces. With this
setting, two frames are dropped every minute per hour, except at
0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes. This enables Vicon MX to
provide real-world time.
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Burn-in Window
The Burn-In Window configuration area in the MX Timecode
Setup dialog box enables you to configure the way the MX Control
is to embed a display of the current timecode or frame count into the
video output signal:
•
Enable Burn-In Window
Whether or not to use the video burn-in window function.
•
Source
The source on which to embed the burn-in window:
•
Reference
External video from which the MX Control receives a
composite video signal. The master video source must be
plugged in to the Ref Loop socket, and the MX Control must
be genlocked to this source.
•
Plate
Background film scene that requires a specific movement of
a computer-generated character to be accurately timed
relative to that scene.
The MX Control receives incoming video signals from external
video sources. The plate source must be plugged in to the
Plate In socket, and it must be genlocked to the video source
connected to the Ref Loop socket. The MX Control also must
be genlocked to this video source.
•
Display
The information to embed: Timecode or Frame Count.
•
Window Size
The size of the video burn-in window: Small or Large.
•
Text Color
The color for the video burn-in text: White or Black.
•
Background
The background color for the video burn-in window: Opaque or
Transparent.
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•
Position (x,y)
The position on the output source in which to embed the display.
You can preview the position, size, and appearance of the display at
the bottom of the Burn-In Window configuration area. You can
change the display’s position by clicking in the desired part of the
preview window or dragging the display.
For further details on the use of the video burn-in window functionality
in Vicon MX, see the Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book.
System Configuration
The System Configuration command on the System menu displays
the System Configuration dialog box, as shown in Figure 4-17. New
options have been added to this dialog box for Vicon MX.
Figure 4-17: System Configuration dialog box
A system profile is required to run Vicon MX, so you must complete
the System Configuration dialog box when a new system is
installed. The selected system profile remains active until you select
a different one. The settings affect the system default setups and data
capture.
The following sections describe the options you can view and
configure in the specified configuration areas.
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When you have set the desired options, either click OK to accept the
changes, store the session configuration profile, and close the
System Configuration dialog box or click Cancel to close the dialog
box without saving any of the specified settings.
System Profile
You can use the following controls in the System Profile
configuration area of the System Configuration dialog box:
•
System Profile
The System Profile drop-down list enables you to select the
parameter set or profile to activate for editing and use.
•
New
The New button displays the Enter system profile name dialog
box, in which you type a unique name by which to identify the new
parameter set or profile to be created. When you click the OK
button, the previous contents of the System Configuration
dialog box are copied, ready for you to customize for the new
profile.
•
Rename
The Rename button displays the Enter system profile name
dialog box in which you overwrite the current name with a new
name for the active profile.
•
Delete
The Delete button displays a prompt asking you to confirm
whether or not to delete the active profile. Click Yes to delete the
profile, or No to close the prompt without deleting the profile.
System Type
The System Type menu enables you to select the type of Vicon
system to which the active profile is to apply. For Vicon MX, select MX.
IP Address
Vicon MX automatically assigns IP addresses, so the IP Address
entry field is unavailable.
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Additional Hardware
Vicon MX automatically detects any installed hardware, so the
Additional Hardware field and the Add and Remove buttons are
unavailable.
Calibrate Cameras
The Calibrate Cameras command on the System menu displays the
Calibrate Cameras dialog box, as shown in Figure 4-18. In this
dialog box you specify the settings to control the camera calibration
processing, including the name of the Calibration Reference Object
(.cro) file which defines the dimensions of the calibration objects
supplied in the Calibration Kit (for details on the Calibration Kit, see
Vicon MX Hardware System Reference book).
A new option has been added to this dialog box for Vicon MX.
Figure 4-18: Calibrate Cameras dialog box
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The Calibrate Cameras dialog box enables you to control the camera
calibration process. The cameras must be calibrated to determine
their positions and orientations before any trial data captures can be
processed.
The following section describes the additional option you can view and
configure in the Calibrate Cameras dialog box in Vicon MX.
When you have set the desired options in this dialog box, either click
Accept to accept the changes and close the Calibrate Cameras
dialog box or click Cancel to close the dialog box without saving any
of the specified settings.
Use Offline Centroid Fitter
The Use Offline Centroid Fitter option in the Calibrate Cameras
dialog box enables you to select whether or not to apply the centroid
fitter options you have specified for offline centroid fitting of grayscale
blobs when you are calibrating the cameras. For details on offline
centroid fitting, see Centroid Fitter Parameters on page 4-52.
The more precise the image data, the more accurate the camera
calibration. Use Offline Centroid Fitter is an advanced option that
enables you to assess the effects of applying different centroid fitter
parameters when calibrating or reprocessing a previous calibration.
When this option is selected, the specified offline parameters are
applied when you calibrate the system (by clicking the Calibrate
button) or reprocess a previously captured calibration (by clicking the
Reprocess button). When the calibration process is complete, the
results are shown in this Calibrate Cameras dialog box. Compare
the current results to those from the previous calibration until you
arrive at the desired offline parameters.
When this option is cleared, only grayscale blobs with the best
circularity are considered for centroid fitting during the camera
calibration process.
Unless you are assessing your centroid fitter parameter settings, you
are recommended to leave this option at its default setting of cleared
for performing standard camera calibrations.
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Centroid Fitter Parameters
The Centroid Fitter Parameters command on the System menu
displays the Grayscale Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box, as
shown in Figure 4-19.
Figure 4-19: Grayscale Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box
The Grayscale Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box enables you
to control during post-processing the centroid fitting of grayscale
blobs previously captured by the MX cameras and saved to an .x2d
file.
The parameters specified in this dialog box apply to all offline centroid
fitting, whether it is for viewing or processing the data. The settings
in this dialog box do not affect the centroid fitting performed onboard
the MX cameras. If you want to apply these settings while calibrating
trial data during the system calibration process, you can use the Use
Offline Centroid Fitter option in the Calibrate Cameras dialog
box. For details, see Calibrate Cameras on page 4-50.
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The parameters specified in the Grayscale Centroid Fitter
Parameters dialog box automatically are applied when fitting
grayscale blobs saved in an .x2d file during the following processes:
•
Viewing grayscale blobs in a Video Monitor window. To enable this,
on the View menu for the Video Monitor window, point to
Centroids and click Offline. For details, see Chapter 3 View
Menu in Vicon MX.
•
Reconstructing 2D grayscale blobs saved in the .x2d file to create
3D data saved in a .c3d file.
You initially establish centroid fitting and grayscale blob transmission
settings for the MX cameras in a Live Monitor window. The camera
data is captured and saved to an .x2d file, which you can view in a
Video Monitor window for post processing. In the Grayscale
Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box, you can then establish
appropriate settings for the offline centroid fitting and 3D
reconstruction performed in Workstation. You can leave the
Grayscale Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box open and cycle
through the cameras in the Video Monitor window to view the effects
of the settings on each camera. If necessary, you can repeat the
reconstruction process for the data file to apply the modified settings.
Important
If you intend to refit centroids offline, ensure that you have set the
MX cameras to capture the corresponding grayscale. In the absence of
supporting grayscale blobs, it is not possible to apply more stringent centroidfitting parameters during post processing, so you will have to accept the
centroids fitted by the MX cameras. For details on specifying the type of data
that the MX cameras send to Workstation from the Grayscale command on
the View menu, see Chapter 3 View Menu in Vicon MX.
The following sections describe the options you can configure in the
specified configuration areas in the Grayscale Centroid Fitter
Parameters dialog box. Once you have specified the desired
settings, click Close to close the dialog box and save the settings.
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Robust Fitter
You can configure the following options for the Robust fitter used for
offline centroid fitting in Workstation in the Robust Fitter
configuration area of the Grayscale Centroid Fitter Parameters
dialog box:
•
Image Error SD
The level of noise that the Robust fitter assumes to be in the
camera image. The noise level in the camera image is in relation
to the internal model of a marker—that is a radially symmetric
object that has smooth, sharp edges and whose pixel intensity is
brightest at the center and gradually fades towards the edges.
Grayscale blobs with a noise level equal to or less than this value
are considered well-formed marker images for which Workstation
generates centroids.
Specify this noise level as a value in the range 0.0-1.0:
•
A higher value causes the Robust fitter to accept grayscale
blobs whose appearance deviates more from the ideal. This
increases the likelihood of the fitter identifying a number of
circles in a single, grayscale blob.
•
A lower value causes the Robust fitter to require grayscale
blobs to be nearer to the ideal appearance before accepting
them for centroid fitting. A value of 0.0 assumes a perfect
marker image, which is generally unrealistic.
Default: 0.2
Suggested value: 0.2-0.4
•
Threshold
The circularity threshold that the Robust fitter applies to resolve
markers. Grayscale blobs with a circularity equal to or greater
than this value are considered well-formed circular images for
which the fitter generates centroids.
Specify this threshold as a value in the range of 0.0-1.0:
4-54
•
0.0 causes the Robust fitter to accept all grayscale blobs
regardless of circularity.
•
1.0 causes the Robust fitter to accept only grayscale blobs with
perfect circularity.
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Default: 0.4
Typical values: 0.4-0.6
The Robust fitter used in Workstation is a more advanced
centroid-fitting algorithm than that used in the MX cameras (for
details, see Circularity on page 4-9). The Robust fitter reinterprets
the grayscale blobs and generates centroids for blobs with a
circularity equal to or greater than this threshold.
Fast Fitter
You can configure the following options for the Fast fitter used for
offline centroid fitting in Workstation in the Fast Fitter configuration
area of the Grayscale Centroid Fitter Parameters dialog box:
•
Threshold
The circularity threshold that the Fast fitter applies to resolve
markers. Grayscale blobs with a circularity equal to or greater
than this value are considered well-formed circular images for
which the fitter generates centroids.
Specify this threshold as a value in the range of 0.0-1.0:
•
0.0 causes the Fast fitter to accept all grayscale blobs
regardless of circularity
•
1.0 causes the Fast fitter to accept only grayscale blobs with
perfect circularity.
Default: 0.4
Typical values: 0.4-0.6
The Fast fitter is a replication in Workstation of the centroid-fitting
algorithm on the MX cameras (for details, see Circularity on
page 4-9). The Fast fitter reinterprets the grayscale blobs and
generates centroids for data with a circularity equal to or greater than
this threshold.
Grayscale Fit Mode
You can configure the following options to control which grayscale
blobs are to be centroid fitted in Workstation in the Grayscale Fit
Mode configuration area of the Grayscale Centroid Fitter
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Parameters dialog box:
•
Malformed
Only grayscale blobs for which the MX cameras could not generate
centroids are fitted offline in Workstation.
•
All (overwrite centroids)
All grayscale blobs in the .x2d file are centroid fitted offline in
Workstation. Any camera-generated centroids that include
supporting grayscale are overwritten in memory, not in the .x2d
file.
•
None
No offline centroid fitting is performed in Workstation.
Grayscale Fit Method
You can configure which centroid fitting algorithm is to be used for
offline centroid fitting in Workstation in the Grayscale Fit Method
configuration area of the Grayscale Centroid Fitter Parameters
dialog box:
•
Fast
The Fast fitter, which is a replication in Workstation of the
centroid-fitting algorithm on the MX cameras, is used. If the
cameras have generated grayscale blobs, the circularity threshold
can be adjusted for the centroid-fitting performed in Workstation
to obtain a different result than that originally produced by the
cameras (for details, see Fast Fitter on page 4-55).
•
Robust
The Robust fitter, which is a more advanced centroid-fitting
algorithm than that in the MX cameras, is used. This Robust fitter
is better at fitting malformed markers and resolving overlapping
markers than the Fast fitter. Values for image error and circularity
threshold can be specified for this centroid fitter (for details, see
Robust Fitter on page 4-54).
•
Fast then Robust
The Fast fitter is used first. Then the Robust fitter is used to fit any
grayscale blobs for which the Fast fitter did not generate
centroids.
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5
Help Menu in Vicon MX
5
This chapter describes the command that has been added to the
Workstation Help menu in Vicon MX.
ActiveX Control Status
The ActiveX Control Status command on the Help menu displays
the ActiveX Controls dialog box, as shown in Figure 5-1. This dialog
box also can be displayed by clicking the ActiveX Status button in
the About Vicon Workstation dialog box also accessed from the
Help menu.
Figure 5-1: ActiveX Control Status dialog box
In the ActiveX Controls dialog box, you use the following controls
to view and manage the settings of the ActiveX controls used by
Workstation:
•
Control
The name of the ActiveX control installed, including:
•
Eclipse Data Management
The Eclipse Data Directory provides access to all of the data
used by Vicon MX.
For details on the features and operation of the Eclipse
database, see The Vicon Manual.
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•
RealTime Analog Plot Control
The RealTime Analog Plot Control enables you to visualize
analog data streaming in real time. You can capture analog
data in Vicon MX using an analog ADC card in the MX Control.
For details on RealTime Analog, see the Workstation RealTime
Engine System Option book.
•
RealTime Engine Control
The RealTime Engine Control is used to manage the behavior
of the RealTime Engine within Workstation.
For details on the use of the RealTime Engine Control in
Workstation, see Chapter 6 RealTime Engine Control in
Vicon MX. For full details on the features and operation of the
RealTime Engine, see the Workstation RealTime Engine
System Option book.
•
Path
The full path and file name identifying the location of the control
on the host PC.
•
Version
The version number of the control.
•
Register
Displays the Open dialog box, in which you can specify the
location of the selected ActiveX control (OCX) file.
•
Unregister
Unregisters the selected ActiveX control from the list, so that it can
no longer be used with Workstation. A message is displayed
asking you to confirm that you want to unregister the control. If
you click Yes, <NOT PRESENT> is displayed in the Path column,
and the Version column is left blank.
•
Close
Saves the settings and closes the dialog box. You do not need to
reboot your PC after making any changes in the dialog box.
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6
RealTime Engine Control in
Vicon MX
6
This chapter describes the feature that has been added to Workstation
in Vicon MX to control the RealTime Engine. The RealTime Engine
receives the raw motion data captured by Vicon MX cameras, then
reconstructs, labels, and optionally models the data in real time. This
real-time data can then be visualized or manipulated in Workstation,
Vicon iQ, Polygon, or third-party applications.
RealTime data streaming is a separate process from the motion data
captured for offline viewing and processing in Workstation. The two
processes can be run simultaneously, so that the MX cameras both
capture offline data and stream real-time data. The RealTime Engine
runs in the background, enabling you to visualize 3D data as it is being
produced by the Vicon system. For full details on the features and
operation of the RealTime Engine, see the Workstation RealTime
Engine System Option book.
RealTime Engine Control
The RealTime Engine Control, shown in Figure 6-1, contains
options for managing the behavior of the RealTime Engine from within
Workstation. You do not need to open and close a separate application
to perform these tasks.
Figure 6-1: RealTime Engine Control
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RealTime Engine Control in Vicon MX
You can display the RealTime Engine Control in either of the
following ways:
•
On the View menu, click RealTime Engine Control.
•
On the Workstation tool bar, click the RealTime button (
).
The Available RealTime Subjects area at the top of the RealTime
Engine Control lists any RealTime subjects that are available for
capture, as shown in Figure 6-2. This area is blank if there are no Vicon
Skeleton (.vsk) files for the RealTime subject in either the current
Eclipse session (if a session is open) or the folder specified in the
Subject file folder field in the RealTime Engine - System
Settings dialog box (if a session is not open).
Figure 6-2: Available RealTime subjects
Use the following buttons to manage the operation of the RealTime
Engine against the selected real-time subjects:
Connect the RealTime Engine. The RealTime Engine starts
streaming data for any subjects selected in the Available
RealTime Subjects list. The button toggles to its Disconnect
the RealTime Engine setting.
Disconnect the RealTime Engine. The RealTime Engine
stops streaming real-time data. The button toggles to its
Connect the RealTime Engine setting.
Pause RealTime Engine. The RealTime Engine stops
streaming real-time data
Reset RealTime Engine. The RealTime Engine stops
streaming data, resets the algorithms used for reconstructing,
labeling, and modeling 3D data to their starting point, and then
starts streaming data again.
Edit RealTime Parameters. The RealTime Engine—Edit
Options dialog box opens. For details on this dialog box, see
the Workstation RealTime Engine System Option book.
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A
AMTI Force Plate Configuration
A
During analog data capture, Workstation converts the raw analog
data (in bits) from an AMTI force plate included in your Vicon MX
architecture into the values it requires: Newtons (N) for forces and
Newton millimeters (Nmm) for moments.
You must calculate the scale value for each force plate channel
yourself and enter this value in the Scale field for each channel in the
Channels configuration area of the Analog Setup dialog box. You
have the option to use only the diagonal values or the entire
sensitivity matrix supplied by the force plate manufacturer. For
details on the Analog Setup dialog box, see Chapter 4 System Menu
in Vicon MX.
The method you use to calculate the scale value for force plate
channels depends on the type of AMTI force plate you specified in the
Force Plates Setup dialog box:
•
"AMTI" with Mx, My, Mz
•
"AMTI" with full calibration matrix
This appendix describes how you use these methods to complete your
AMTI force plate setup so they are ready to use with your Vicon MX
system. For details on the Force Plates Setup dialog box, see
Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX
Analog Scale Calculation—AMTI with MX, My, Mz
For "AMTI" with Mx, My, Mz force plates, the scale calculation is based
on the values in the diagonal of the manufacturer-supplied sensitivity
matrix and certain values from the analog device specification, some
of which you also enter in the Channels configuration area of the
Analog Setup dialog box.
You must perform the calculation for each force plate channel and
enter the results in the Scale field for each corresponding channel of
the Channels configuration area in the Analog Setup dialog box. For
details on this dialog box, see Chapter 4 System Menu in Vicon MX.
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AMTI Force Plate Configuration
AMTI with MX, My, Mz—Formula
The formula for calculating the analog channel scale (ch_scale) is:
voltage_range
ch_scale = ⎛⎝ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- × 1000000⎞⎠ ⁄ ( gen_scale )
res × gain × vex × signal
where:
voltage_range is the ADC input range. This value also is specified
in the Input filed in the Analog Setup dialog box.
res
is the ADC resolution. This is typically 65,536
(216).
gain
is the gain set on the force plate amplifier for the
channel. This is typically 4,000, but check the
specific setting of your force plate.
vex
is the platform excitation voltage. This is typically
10 V, but check the specific setting of your force
plate amplifier.
signal
is the diagonal value for the force plate signal in the
manufacturer-supplied sensitivity matrix (i.e. the
intersecting row/column with the same signal
heading).
gen_scale
is the value specified in the General Scale field in
the Analog Setup dialog box.
The supplied values for force channels are in Newtons per microvolt
(N/µV) and the analog scale requires them in Newtons per volt (N/
V). Using this method, the result of the voltage range calculation must
be multiplied by 1,000,000 to convert the values from N/µV to N/V.
Each channel may have a different value for voltage range and gain.
The same conversion is also applied to the moment channels to
convert from Newton meters per microvolt (Nm/µV) to Newton
millimeters per microvolt (Nmm/µV).
A-2
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AMTI Force Plate Configuration
AMTI with MX, My, Mz—Example
Table A-1 is an example sensitivity matrix for an AMTI force plate,
with the required signal values highlighted in gray.
Table A-1: Example Sensitivity Matrix for AMTI Force Plate (I,J)
Fx
Fy
Fz
Mx
My
Mz
Vfx
0.655
-0.006
-0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
Vfy
0.002
0.650
0.002
-0.015
-0.005
0.016
Vfz
0.000
0.001
0.167
-0.003
-0.003
0.002
Vmx
0.000
-0.002
0.000
1.348
0.001
0.002
Vmy
-0.002
0.001
0.000
0.003
1.352
-0.007
Vmz
0.003
0.008
0.001
0.011
0.002
2.552
Thus, to calculate the analog scale for the first channel (Fx) in this
matrix, use the following equation:
20
⎛ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- × 1000000⎞ ⁄ ( 1 ) = 0.01165
⎝ 65536 × 4000 × 10 × 0.655
⎠
You must repeat this calculation for each channel in the matrix and
enter the result in the Scale field in the Analog Setup dialog box.
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AMTI Force Plate Configuration
Figure A-1 illustrates the result of the example equation (0.1165)
entered as the scale for channel 1:
Figure A-1: Scale value for "AMTI" with Mx, My, Mz
A-4
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AMTI Force Plate Configuration
Analog Scale Calculation—AMTI with full calibration matrix
For "AMTI" with full calibration matrix force plates, the conversion of
raw force plate data to force and moment units is performed in two
stages:
1. You perform an analog scale calculation based on certain values
from the analog device specification, some of which you also enter
in the Channels configuration area of the Analog Setup dialog
box.
You must perform the calculation for each force plate signal and
enter the results in the Scale field for each corresponding channel
of the Channels configuration area in the Analog Setup dialog
box.
2. You enter all the values from the manufacturer-supplied inverted
sensitivity matrix in the Calibration Matrix dialog box.
If the supplied values for the moment channels are in Newton
meters (Nm), you must first convert them to Newton millimeters
(Nmm).
During data processing, Workstation multiplies the scale values
calculated in the first stage by those in the Calibration Matrix
dialog box to convert the scaled voltage values to the required
force and moment units.
For details on these dialog boxes, see Chapter 4 System Menu in
Vicon MX.
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AMTI Force Plate Configuration
AMTI with full calibration matrix—Formula
The formula for calculating the analog channel scale (ch_scale) is:
voltage_range
ch_scale = ⎛⎝ --------------------------------------------------- × 1000000⎞⎠ ⁄ ( gen_scale )
res × gain × vex
where:
voltage_range is the ADC input range. This value also is specified
in the Input filed in the Analog Setup dialog box.
res
is the ADC resolution. This is typically 65,536
(216).
gain
is the gain set on the force plate amplifier for the
channel. This is typically 4,000, but check the
specific setting of your force plate.
vex
is the platform excitation voltage. This is typically
10 V, but check the specific setting of your force
plate amplifier.
gen_scale
is the value specified in the General Scale field in
the Analog Setup dialog box.
The supplied values for force channels are in Newtons per microvolt
(N/µV) and the analog scale requires them in Newtons per volt (N/
V). Using this method, the result of the voltage range calculation must
be multiplied by 1,000,000 to convert the values from N/µV to N/V.
Each channel may have a different value for voltage range and gain.
The same conversion is also applied to the moment channels to
convert from Newton meters per microvolt (Nm/µV) to Newton
millimeters per microvolt (Nmm/µV).
AMTI with full calibration matrix—Example
The first step is to calculate the analog scale for each force plate
channel.
For example, assuming that channel 1 has a voltage range of 20 V;
the typical resolution, gain, and ex values; and the default General
A-6
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AMTI Force Plate Configuration
Scale value of 1, you would use the following equation to calculate the
analog scale:
20
⎛ --------------------------------------------------⎞
⎝ 65536 × 4000 × 10 × 1000000⎠ ⁄ 1 = 0.0076
You must repeat this calculation for each channel and enter the result
in the Scale field in the Analog Setup dialog box. Figure A-2
illustrates the result of the example equation (0.0076) entered as the
scale for channel 1:
Figure A-2: Scale value for "AMTI" with full calibration matrix
The second step is to enter all the values from the manufacturersupplied inverted sensitivity matrix in the Calibration Matrix dialog
box.
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AMTI Force Plate Configuration
Table A-2 is an example inverted sensitivity matrix for an AMTI force
plate. Assuming that the moment units are correctly specified in
Nmm, you could enter these values directly in the Calibration Matrix
dialog box.
Table A-2: Example Inverted Sensitivity Matrix (I,J)
Vfx
Vfy
Vfz
Vmx
Vmy
Vmz
Fx
1.527
0.014
0.046
-0.004
-0.005
0.003
Fy
-0.005
1.539
-0.019
0.017
0.006
-0.010
Fz
0.000
-0.009
5.988
0.013
0.013
-0.005
Mx
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.742
-0.001
-1.001
My
0.002
-0.001
0.000
-0.002
0.740
0.002
Mz
-0.002
-0.005
-0.002
-0.003
-0.001
0.392
Assuming that the moment units in Table A-2 are specified in Nm,
before you enter the values in the Calibration Matrix dialog box, you
must first convert the moment channels from Nm to Nmm. You do this
by multiplying the last three columns of the inverted sensitivity matrix
by 1,000. Table A-3 shows the values that should then be used.
Table A-3: Example Inverted Sensitivity Matrix with Moments in Nm
A-8
Vfx
Vfy
Vfz
Vmx
Vmy
Vmz
Fx
1.527
0.014
0.046
-4.284
-5.494
2.856
Fy
-0.005
1.539
-0.019
17.160
5.668
-9.639
Fz
0.000
-0.009
5.988
13.233
13.250
-4.609
Mx
0.000
0.002
0.000
741.871
-0.539
-0.597
My
0.002
-0.001
0.000
-1.682
739.631
2.042
Mz
-0.002
-0.005
-0.002
-3.250
-0.594
391.879
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AMTI Force Plate Configuration
Figure A-3 shows the Calibration Matrix dialog box with values from
the inverted sensitivity table in Table A-3.
Figure A-3: Calibration Matrix for Inverted Sensitivity Matrix
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AMTI Force Plate Configuration
A-10
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Support Resources
B
B
This appendix describes the resources available to you to obtain
support for your use of Workstation in Vicon MX. It also provides
instructions on obtaining information from Vicon Online Support
(VOS) on the Web.
Technical Support
Vicon Peak offers telephone, email, and online technical support.
Telephone
You can speak with Support Engineers in the US and UK offices:
•
California
+1 (949) 472 9140
9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time
•
Colorado
+1 (303) 799 8686
9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Mountain Time
•
UK
+44 (0)1865 261 800
9:00 am to 5:00 pm Greenwich Mean Time
Email
You can raise feature requests, bugs, and support issues via email:
support@viconpeak.com
World Wide Web
You can access support areas and FAQs on our Web-accessible
knowledge base, Vicon Online Support (VOS):
http://support.vicon.com
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Support Resources
For further details on using this online Technical Support service, see
Vicon Online Support (VOS) on page B-1.
Useful References
Vicon 3D motion capture and analysis systems have been applied to
technologies in the fields of human movement sciences, clinical
analysis, computer animation, and engineering around the world.
You can use these resources to keep up-to-date with Vicon
developments:
•
Vicon Newsletters
You can register to receive Vicon newsletters via email for your
field of interest by:
•
Completing the form on the Contact page of our Web site:
http://www.viconpeak.com/contact/
•
Sending an email request to:
moveme@viconpeak.com
•
The Standard
You can view the latest issue of The Standard online or subscribe
to receive a printed copy from the Web site:
http://www.viconstandard.org/
This publication contains articles on motion analysis in science and
engineering research and application projects. Articles are
contributed by practicing experts and leading authorities in
laboratories throughout the world.
Vicon Online Support (VOS)
This section explains how to locate answers and solutions to product
queries in the Vicon Online Support (VOS) knowledge base on the
Web. VOS enables you to quickly locate topics providing answers to
previous questions, submit new questions, and maintain details of
interest to you.
B-2
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Support Resources
Logging in to VOS
To access VOS on the Web, you must have a VOS User ID and
password. If you do not have these details or need assistance with
logging in to VOS, contact Vicon Support, as described in Technical
Support on page B-1.
To log in to VOS:
1. From a Web browser, enter the URL for VOS:
http://support.vicon.com
The Online Support page is displayed. For your first visit, this page
contains a Login link. For subsequent visits, Returning Users is
displayed.
2. Enter your VOS User ID and password and then click Login.
Your login information is displayed on the left side of the page.
Tabs for Search, Results, and Browse with the relevant
information are displayed on the right side of the page.
3. When you are ready to exit VOS, below your login information click
Logout.
Locating Topics in VOS
You can locate existing topics in VOS, such as answers to frequently
asked questions.
To locate topics in VOS:
1. Log in to VOS.
2. Beneath the Online Support heading, click FAQ.
3. In the Search section, enter the search criteria. For guidance on
specifying search criteria, click Search Tips.
4. Click Search. VOS searches its knowledge base for the specified
information and returns a list of matching topics in the Answers
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Support Resources
Found area at the bottom of the page, similar to that shown in
Figure B-1.
Figure B-1: VOS FAQ Results
If search results are contained on multiple pages, from the Page
drop-down list, select another page and click Go.
5. Click an entry in the Summary column to view the topic in a
separate browser window.
6. Click the Notify Me by E-mail if this Answer is Updated button in
the topic page if you want to automatically receive an email if the
topic is updated in the future. Topic text may be updated as a
result of further queries or product changes.
7. Rate the usefulness of the topic by clicking a value under How well
did this answer your question and then clicking Submit Rating.
8. Click a hyperlink under the Related Answers to display another
topic in the browser window.
9. When you are through, click Close Window.
B-4
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Support Resources
Submitting Questions to VOS
If you cannot locate the information you need in VOS, you can submit
your own question.
To submit a new question to VOS:
1. Log in to VOS.
2. Beneath the Online Support heading, click Ask a Question.
The Ask a Question page is displayed, similar to that shown in
Figure B-2. The actual details displayed on this page depend on
the settings in your Account Profile.
Figure B-2: VOS Find Answers page
3. Complete the fields in the Question Data, Additional Information,
and Attach Documents to Question (if applicable) sections and
click Submit Question.
A list of any previous FAQs that may be relevant to your question
is displayed in the Preliminary Response to Question section.
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Support Resources
4. Click on any of the suggested hyperlinks, or if they do not answer
your question, click Finish Submitting Question to send your new
question to VOS.
VOS Topics on Workstation Issues
This section identifies a number of VOS topics on Workstation issues
that you may find useful when configuring or using Workstation in
Vicon MX. It also describes how to obtain the latest version of the
Workstation software from VOS.
General Workstation Issues
This list provides the titles and Answer IDs of general Workstation
issues to enable you to quickly locate the topic in VOS:
•
PC Specifications and Recommendations for Vicon Software (824)
•
Using MX cameras at high frame rates (1002)
•
Explanation of Calibration Results (491)
•
Troubleshooting calibration problems in Vicon Workstation (639)
•
HASP dongles and their operation with Vicon (599)
•
Suggestions for Troubleshooting Analogue Data Capture (484)
•
How do I capture Analogue data with the Vicon System? (471)
•
Analogue Graphing in Vicon Workstation (386)
•
How do I configure the settings in Force Plates Setup (479)
•
What is the Zero Sample Range in Force Plates Setup (382)
If you are viewing the PDF version of this book, you can use the
hyperlinks in the list above to go directly to a given VOS topic. Ensure
that you are logged onto VOS, then click the hyperlink for the Answer
ID. Alternatively, you can enter the Answer ID or the VOS topic title
in the Search Text field on the VOS FAQ page. For details on locating
topics in VOS, see Vicon Online Support (VOS) on page B-2.
B-6
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Support Resources
Software Downloads
Depending on the settings in your Account Profile, you can download
the latest version of Vicon software from VOS:
On the FAQ page, enter the following details in the Search section:
•
Product: Select the appropriate product from the drop-down list
(e.g. Workstation Software, Vicon iQ, Polygon Authoring Tool,
Cameras)
Leave All Subs selected to search all sub products, or select a
specific sub product (e.g. Version 5.X or MX 40) as appropriate.
•
Category: Leave All selected, or select a specific category (e.g.
Software Update or Installation) as appropriate.
•
Search Text (optional): Enter "download".
•
Search By: Select "Phrases".
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Support Resources
B-8
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C
Documentation Feedback
C
At Vicon Peak, we are working to develop comprehensive and easyto-use documentation to support your use of our products. We
welcome your comments or suggestions on how we can continue to
improve our product documentation.
Please provide your documentation feedback using Vicon Online
Support (VOS) at http://support.vicon.com. For details on VOS, see
Appendix B Support Resources.
Please include “Documentation Feedback” in the Summary line and
provide the following details in the body of your message:
Please include “Documentation Feedback” in the Summary line and
provide the following details in the body of your message:
•
Product details
•
•
•
Document details
•
Document title and revision number or copyright date
•
Document type and content location:
Book
Chapter title, section title, and page number
Help
Topic title and section title
Release
document
Document title and section title
Problem description
•
•
Product name, version number, and build number
Brief description of current content, identifying your concerns
(e.g. specify any factual inaccuracies, errors, or omissions;
grammatical errors; navigation or information location
problems)
Feedback details
•
Your suggestions for correcting or improving the
documentation
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Documentation Feedback
C-2
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Index
Numerics
3D Workspace window 3-2
architecture See MX architecture
model
A
B
ActiveX controls 5-1
Eclipse data management 5-1
RealTime analog plot control 5-2
RealTime Engine control 5-2
status 5-1
additional hardware 4-50
AMTI force plates 4-38–4-39, A-1
analog channel bar 4-13
analog data 4-12, 4-14
channel scale 4-28, 4-33
general scale 4-28, 4-31
offset 4-33
sampling frequency 4-30
units 4-33
Analog Data window 3-2
analog option card 4-30
analog setup 4-26
applies to 4-29
channels 4-32
for session 4-27
for system 4-26
for trial 4-27
live analog tool bar 4-34
MX Control ADC board 4-30
RealTime analog graph 4-34
System menu 4-2, 4-26
applies to 4-4
analog setup 4-29
force plates setup 4-36
remote control setup 4-41
video setup 4-18
Workstation System Reference
buffer size 4-22
burn-in window
MX timecode setup 4-47
C
.c3d file 4-53
calibrate cameras
System menu 4-3, 4-50
calibrate cameras dialog box 4-50
use offline centroid fitter 3-10,
4-51–4-52
calibration matrix
force plates setup 4-39
calibration reference object file 4-50
camera channel bar 4-7
camera frame rate 4-6, 4-11, 4-16,
4-21, 4-42, 4-44
MX cameras 4-21
camera mode 4-21
camera output mode
centroids 1-3
edges 1-4
grayscale 1-4
camera parameters 1-5
camera settings bar 4-8
camera 4-8
cameras 4-11
circularity 4-9
clear 4-11
close 4-12
focus 4-10
gain 4-9
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In d e x
save all 4-11
show status LEDs 4-10
strobe 4-8
synchronization master 4-10
threshold 4-8
threshold grid 4-11
cameras
camera settings bar 4-11
data overload 1-4, 3-4
focus 4-10
reprogram 4-23
reprogram firmware 4-24
select all 2-3
capture volume 1-5
.car file 2-1, 4-4, 4-18, 4-29, 4-37,
4-41
centroid fitter
fast 4-55
robust 4-54
centroid fitter parameters 4-3, 4-52
centroid fitting 1-3, 4-52
centroids 1-3
camera fitted 3-10
camera output mode 1-3
View menu 3-9
Workstation fitted 3-10
channels
analog setup 4-32
force plates setup 4-38
circularity
camera settings bar 4-9
clear
camera settings bar 4-11
close
camera settings bar 4-12
context types 4-4
control setup
for session 4-41
for system 4-40
for trial 4-41
In d e x -2
System menu 4-2, 4-40
corners
force plates setup 4-38
D
data buffering 4-22
data capture 4-22
data labeling 1-5
data modeling 1-5
data overload
cameras 1-4, 3-4
data reconstruction 1-5
devices
update files 4-24
diagnostic mode 4-11
documentation feedback C-1
dongle vii
drop frames 4-45–4-46
E
Eclipse data management
ActiveX control 5-1
edge data 3-11
edges
camera output mode 1-4
View menu 3-11
external clock 4-42
remote control setup 4-42
F
fast fitter 4-55
File menu 1-6–2-1
save system configuration as 2-1
user preferences 2-2
files
.c3d 4-53
.car 2-1, 4-4, 4-18, 4-29, 4-37,
4-41
.mxe 4-24
.vtt 3-7
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Workstation_Reference.book Page 3 Wednesday, July 20, 2005 12:16 PM
Index
.x2d 1-4, 3-2, 3-4, 3-8–3-11,
4-8, 4-52–4-53
firmware
reprogram cameras 4-24
reprogram MX Control 4-24
update files 4-24
focus
camera settings bar 4-10
force plate type
force plates setup 4-37
force plates
AMTI 4-38–4-39, A-1
Kistler 4-38
Kyowa-Dengyo 4-38
force plates setup 4-32, 4-35
applies to 4-36
calibration matrix 4-39
channels 4-38
corners 4-38
for session 4-36
for system 4-35
for trial 4-36
force plate type 4-37
force plates list 4-37
origin 4-38
System menu 4-2, 4-35
zero sample range 4-37
frame counter
remote control setup 4-42
frame rate. See camera frame rate,
video frame rate
G
gain
camera settings bar 4-9
general scale 4-28, 4-31
genlock video rates
MX timecode setup 4-44
graph
RealTime analog data 4-14, 4-34
Workstation System Reference
grayscale
camera output mode 1-4
centroid fitting 1-3
malformed 1-3
View menu 3-4
grayscale blobs 1-4
View menu 3-11
grayscale centroid fitter
parameters 4-52
fast fitter 4-55
grayscale fit method 4-56
grayscale fit mode 4-55
robust fitter 4-54
grayscale data 1-3
grayscale fit method 4-56
grayscale fit mode 4-55
H
HASP dongle vii
Help menu 1-6, 5-1
I
internal clock 4-21
internal timecode
MX timecode setup 4-46
K
Kistler force plates 4-38
Kyowa-Dengyo force plates 4-38
L
labeling data 1-5
licensing dongle vii
Live Analog
System menu 4-2, 4-12
live analog tool bar 4-15, 4-34
Live Analog window
analog channel bar 4-13
live analog tool bar 4-15
RealTime analog graph 4-14
live connection
profile type 4-4
Index-3
Workstation_Reference.book Page 4 Wednesday, July 20, 2005 12:16 PM
Index
Live Monitor
button 4-5
System menu 4-2, 4-5
View menu 3-3
Live Monitor window 3-2
camera channel bar 4-7
camera settings bar 4-8
start automatically 2-3
start maximized 2-3
M
malformed grayscale 1-3
markers
internal model 4-9, 4-54
menu
File 1-6–2-1
Help 1-6, 5-1
System 1-6, 4-1, 4-3, 4-52
View 1-6, 3-1, 3-3, 3-8
merged markers 1-3
modeling data 1-5
monitor mode 4-10
Movie window 3-2
MX architecture model 1-1
MX connection 4-6, 4-11
buffer size 4-22
camera details 4-19
camera mode 4-21
reprogram 4-23
MX Control
additional hardware 4-50
detected 4-18
reprogram firmware 4-24
synchronization master 4-10
MX Control ADC board
analog setup 4-30
MX Net 4-6
MX timecode setup 4-43
burn-in window 4-47
genlock settings 4-44
genlock video rates 4-44
Index-4
internal timecode 4-46
timecode 4-45
.mxe file 4-24
MXFirmware_#.mxe 4-24
N
NTSC drop frames 4-45–4-46
NTSC video frame rate 4-21
O
offset 4-33
origin
force plates setup 4-38
output
reprogram cameras 4-25
output frequency 4-42
P
PAL video frame rate 4-21
pipeline processing 1-5
Polygon 1-2
post triggering 4-22
preferences
user 2-2
preview mode
View menu 3-7
profile types 4-4, 4-18, 4-29, 4-36,
4-41
live connection 4-4
session 4-4
system defaults 4-4
trial 4-4
R
RealTime analog graph 4-14, 4-34
RealTime analog plot control
ActiveX control 5-2
RealTime Engine 1-2
RealTime Engine Control 1-6, 6-1
ActiveX control 5-2
remote control setup 4-40
applies to 4-41
Workstation System Reference
Workstation_Reference.book Page 5 Wednesday, July 20, 2005 12:16 PM
Index
external clock 4-42
for session 4-41
for system 4-40
for trial 4-41
frame counter 4-42
remote triggering 4-42
video recorder 4-42
remote data capture 4-2, 4-40
remote triggering
remote control setup 4-42
reprogram cameras 4-23
output 4-25
reprogram firmware
cameras 4-24
devices 4-24
firmware files 4-24
MX Control 4-24
robust fitter 4-54
S
sampling frequency
analog data 4-30
save all
camera settings bar 4-11
save system configuration as 2-1
scale
channel 4-28, 4-33
SECAM video frame rate 4-21
select all cameras
user preferences 2-3
session
profile type 4-4
show status LEDs
camera settings bar 4-10
start live monitor
user preferences 2-3
start maximized
user preferences 2-3
status lights
strobe units 4-10
Workstation System Reference
strobe
camera settings bar 4-8
strobe units
status lights 4-10
support
contact details B-1
useful references B-2
VOS B-2
synchronization master
camera settings bar 4-10
Live Monitor 4-6
MX Control 4-10
system calibration 1-5
system configuration
File menu 2-1
System menu 4-3, 4-48
system profile 4-49
system type 4-49
system defaults
profile type 4-4
System menu 1-6, 4-1, 4-3, 4-52
analog setup 4-2, 4-26
calibrate cameras 4-3, 4-50
centroid fitter parameters 4-3,
4-52
control setup 4-2, 4-40
force plates setup 4-2, 4-35
Live Analog 4-2, 4-12
Live Monitor 4-2, 4-5
system configuration 4-3, 4-48
timecode setup 4-3, 4-43
video setup 4-2, 4-16
system profile 4-48–4-49
system setup vii
system type 4-49
T
technical support B-1
threshold
camera settings bar 4-8
Index-5
Workstation_Reference.book Page 6 Wednesday, July 20, 2005 12:16 PM
Index
threshold grid
camera settings bar 4-11
clear 4-11
save all 4-11
View menu 3-5
timecode
MX timecode setup 4-45
timecode setup
System menu 4-3, 4-43
trajectories 1-5
trial
profile type 4-4
trial capture 1-5
trial types 4-22
U
units 4-33
update firmware 4-24
useful references B-2
user preferences 2-2
select all cameras 2-3
start Live Monitor 2-3
start maximized 2-3
warn when user ID is
changed 2-3
V
vertical windowing 4-21
VGA monitor 4-10
Vicon Online Support. See VOS
Vicon MX
description 1-1
video frame rate 4-21, 4-31
Video Monitor window 3-2
View menu 3-8
video recorder
remote control setup 4-42
video setup 4-16
applies to 4-18
buffer size 4-22
camera details 4-19
Index-6
camera mode 4-21
for session 4-17
for system 4-16
reprogram cameras 4-23
System menu 4-2, 4-16
View menu 1-6, 3-1
centroids 3-9
edges 3-11
grayscale 3-4
grayscale blobs 3-11
Live Monitor 3-3
preview mode 3-7
threshold grid 3-5
Video Monitor 3-8
VOS
documentation feedback C-1
support B-2
V-series systems xi
.vtt file 3-7
W
warn when user ID is changed 2-3
workflow 1-5
Workstation context 4-4
Workstation profile 4-4
Workstation window
3D Workspace 3-2
Analog Data 3-2
Live Monitor window 3-2
Movie window 3-2
Video Monitor window 3-2
X
.x2d file 1-4, 3-2, 3-4, 3-8–3-11,
4-8, 4-52–4-53
Z
zero sample range
force plates setup 4-37
Workstation System Reference