Wind Energy Update
Larry Flowers
National Wind Technology Center, NREL
April, 2010
US Installed Wind Capacity
U.S. Wind Industry 4Q 2009
Source: AWEA, updated through 4Q 2009 Geographic Spread of Wind Projects
in the United States Is Reasonably Broad
U.S. Wind Manufacturing
Wind Is a Major Source of New Generation
Capacity Additions: Wind Contributed 42%
of New Additions in the US in 2008
• Wind was the 2nd-largest resource added for the 4th-straight year
Wind Power in Queues (MW)
Washington
5,831
Oregon
9,361
Montana
2,327
Idaho
446
Wyoming
7,870
Nevada
3,913
North
Dakota
11,493
South
Dakota
30,112
Nebraska
3,726
Utah
1,052
California
18,629
Arizona
7,268
Colorado
16,602
New Mexico
14,136
Kansas
13,191
Minnesota
20,011
Wisconsin
908
Iowa
14,569
Maine
1,398
NH
396
Michigan
2,518
New York
8,000
Penn.
3,391
IN Ohio
Illinois 8,426 3,683 WV
16,284
1,045 VA
820
Missouri
2,050
Oklahoma
14,677
Arkansas
210
Texas
63,504
VT
155
RI
347
MA
492
NJ
1416
DE
450
MD
810
Under 1000 MW
1,000 MW-8,000
MW
Over 8,000 MW
Total 311,155 MW
Source: AWEA
Wind Has Been Competitive with
Wholesale Power Prices in Recent Years
• Wholesale price range reflects flat block of power across 23 pricing nodes
• Wind power prices include sample of projects built from 1998-2008
Even Among More-Recent Projects, Wind
Was Competitive in Most Regions in 2008
Note: Within a region there are a range of wholesale power prices because
multiple wholesale price hubs exist in each area (see earlier map)
Comparative Generation Costs
100
90
80
Wholesale Price Range for
Flat Block of Power
Average Price of Wind
Power With PTC
60
50
40
30
20
Operating Cost of Natural Gas
Combined Cycle
10
Source: LBL
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
2008$/MWh
70
CO2 prices significantly
increase the cost of coal
Levelized Cost of Electricity (2010) vs. CO2 Price
140
130
2006$/MWh
120
Coal PC
Coal IGCC
Coal IGCC w/CCS
Gas CC
Nuclear
Wind Class 6
Wind Class 4
Wind Offshore Class 6
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
0
10
20
30
40
Carbon Price ($/ton CO2)
50
Renewable Portfolio Standards
www.dsireusa.org / February 2010
WA: 15% x 2020*
MN: 25% x 2025
MT: 15% x 2015
(Xcel: 30% x 2020)
MI: 10% + 1,100 MW
ND: 10% x 2015
OR: 25% x 2025 (large utilities)*
VT: (1) RE meets any increase
in retail sales x 2012;
(2) 20% RE & CHP x 2017
SD: 10% x 2015 WI: Varies by utility;
10% x 2015 goal
NV: 25% x 2025*
IA: 105 MW
CO: 20% by 2020 (IOUs)
10% by 2020 (co-ops & large munis)*
CA: 33% x 2020
KS: 20% x 2020
UT: 20% by 2025*
+ 1% annual increase
CT: 23% x 2020
PA: 18% x 2020†
NJ: 22.5% x 2021
VA: 15% x 2025*
MD: 20% x 2022
DC
NC: 12.5% x 2021 (IOUs)
10% x 2018 (co-ops & munis)
NM: 20% x 2020 (IOUs)
RI: 16% x 2020
WV: 25% x 2025*†
MO: 15% x 2021
AZ: 15% x 2025
(Class I RE)
NY: 29% x 2015
OH: 25% x 2025†
IL: 25% x 2025
NH: 23.8% x 2025
MA: 15% x 2020
x 2015*
5% - 10% x 2025 (smaller utilities)
ME: 30% x 2000
New RE: 10% x 2017
DE: 20% x 2019*
DC: 20% x 2020
10% x 2020 (co-ops)
TX: 5,880 MW x 2015
HI: 40% x 2030
29 states +
State renewable portfolio standard
State renewable portfolio goal
Solar water heating eligible
Minimum solar or customer-sited requirement
*†
Extra credit for solar or customer-sited renewables
Includes non-renewable alternative resources
DC have an RPS
(6 states have goals)
Environmental Benefits
•
•
•
•
•
No SOx or NOx
No particulates
No mercury
No CO2
No water
Source: NOAA
Source: NOAA
Idaho – Annual Average Wind Speed at 80 m