Country Profile
Myanmar
Maternal, Newborn &
Child Survival
March 2012
Statistics and Monitoring Section / Policy and Practice
Myanmar
DEMOGRAPHICS
Total population (000)
Total under-five population (000)
47,963
(2010)
3,956
(2010)
830
(2010)
66
(2010)
Births (000)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1000
live births)
Infant mortality rate (per 1000
live births)
Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000
live births)
Total under-five deaths (000)
Under-five mortality rate
Causes of under-five deaths
Deaths per 1000 live births
Globally more than one third of child deaths are attributable to under
nutrition
120
112
Causes of under-five deaths, 2008
100
50
Other
12%
(2010)
80
32
(2010)
Diarrhoea
3%
Neonatal
40%
Pneumonia
12%
66
Causes of neonatal deaths, 2008
HIV/AIDS
1%
Asphyxia
27%
Preterm
34%
Tetanus
0%
60
56
(2010)
240
(2008)
316
(2004-
180
(2008)
2,400
(2008)
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per
100,000 live births)
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per
100,000 live births)
Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in N)
Total maternal deaths (number)
37
40
Injuries
22%
MDG
Target
20
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Measles
0%
Diarrhoea
12%
2015
Other
5%
Congenital
5%
Malaria
2%
Infection
26%
WHO/CHERG 2010
Note: Figures may not add to 100% due to rounding.
Source: IGME 2011
INTERVENTION COVERAGE FOR MOTHERS, NEWBORNS AND CHILDREN
NUTRITION 4
8
Wasting prevalence (based on 2006 WHO
reference population, moderate and severe, %)
-
(2009- Introduction of solid, semi-solid or
-
9
Low birthweight incidence (%)
Underweight prevalence
Stunting prevalence
Exclusive breastfeeding
Percent of children <5 years underweight for age
Percent of children <5 years with low height for age
Percent of infants <6 months exclusively breastfed
Based on 2006 WHO reference population
Based on 2006 WHO reference population
100
%
100
%
80
80
60
60
100
%
80
59
55
60
41
39
40
30
28
41
35
40
30
20
0
2000
MICS
2003
MICS
2009-2010
MICS
24
15
20
0
1997
Other NS
40
23
20
1995
MICS
(2009-
soft foods (6-9 months, %)
0
1994
Other NS
1997
Other NS
2000
MICS
2003
MICS
2009-2010
MICS
2003
MICS
2009-2010
MICS
CHILD HEALTH
Vitamin A supplementation
Pneumonia treatment
Immunization
Percent of children <5 years with suspected pneumonia taken
to appropriate health provider
Percent of children immunised against measles
Percent of children immunised with 3 doses DPT
Percent of children immunised with 3 doses of Hib
100
%
90
88
80
100
%
66
60
48
40
40
96
94
93
94
95
94
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
100
%
80
60
Percent of children 6-59 months receiving two doses of
vitamin A during calendar year
80
60
No Data
40
20
20
20
0
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2000
MICS
2003
MICS
Source: WHO/UNICEF 2011
Source: UNICEF 2011
Diarrhoeal disease treatment
Malaria treatment
Malaria prevention
Percent of children <5 years with diarrhoea receiving oral
rehydration therapy (ORS, recommended homemade fluids or
increased fluids), with continued feeding
Percent of febrile children <5 years using anti-malarials
Percent of children <5 years sleeping under ITNs
100
%
80
65
60
48
No Data
40
20
0
2000
MICS
2003
MICS
No Data
Myanmar
MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH
Proportion of women with low BMI
-
-
(< 18.5 Kg/m2, %)
Causes of maternal deaths
Coverage along the continuum of care
Regional estimates for Southeast Asia, 1997-2007
Demand for family planning satisfied (%)
67
(2007)
Total fertility rate
2.0
(2010)
Adolescent birth rate
17
(2000-
Contraceptive
prevalence rate
Indirect
22%
Haemorrhage
32%
(births per 1000 woman aged 15-19 yr)
Antenatal visit for woman
73
(2007)
76
(2009-
Embolism
2%
(4 or more visits, %)
Early initiation of breastfeeding
41
Antenatal visit
(1 or more)
80
Skilled attendant
at birth
64
Postnatal care
(within 1 hour of birth, %)
Institutional deliveries (%)
Postnatal visit for baby
23
(2007)
-
-
-
-
Abortion
9%
Other direct
10%
Hypertension
17%
(within 2 days for home births, %)
Postnatal visit for mother
(within 2 days, %)
Exclusive
breastfeeding
24
Measles
Sepsis
8%
88
0
Source: WHO 2010
Note: Figures may not add to 100% due to rounding.
20
40
60
80
100 %
Source: DHS, MICS, Other NS
Antenatal care
Skilled attendant at delivery
Neonatal tetanus protection
Percent of women aged 15-49 years attended at least once by a
skilled health provider during pregnancy
Percent of live births attended by skilled health personnel
Percent of newborns protected against tetanus
100
%
76
80
80
76
100
%
100
%
80
80
56
60
60
57
64
60
46
40
40
20
20
0
0
1997
Other NS
2001
Other NS
Source:
40 WHO/UNICEF 2011
20
0
1991
Other NS
2007
Other NS
93
1997
Other NS
2001
Other NS
2007
Other NS
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Source: WHO/UNICEF 2011
HIV AND AIDS
EDUCATION
HIV prevalence among young
women (15-24 yrs,%)
0.3 [0.2 - 0.3]
HIV prevalence among young
men (15-24 yrs,%)
0.3 [0.3 - 0.4]
(2009)
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
Survival to last grade of primary school
Percent of HIV+ pregnant women receiving ARVs for PMTCT
(total, admin data, %)
(2009)
Survival to last grade of primary school
70
(2008)
70
(2008)
69
(2008)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
72
(2009-
-
-
(male, admin data, %)
HIV+ children receiving ART (%)
[32 - 83]
Orphan school attendance ratio
(2009)
-
100
%
Survival to last grade of primary school
80
(female, admin data, %)
60
Primary school net enrolment ratio
-
(total, admin data, %)
40
Primary school net enrolment ratio
(male, admin data, %)
20
Source: MOH/UNAIDS/WHO
Primary school net enrolment ratio
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
(female, admin data, %)
Source: MOH/UNAIDS/WHO
CHILD PROTECTION
WATER AND SANITATION
Drinking water coverage
Sanitation coverage
Percent of population by type of drinking water source, 2010
Percent of population by type of sanitation facility, 2010
Women aged 20-24 years who were
married or in union by age 18 (%)
Birth registration (%)
Piped onto premises
100%
Other improved
6
11
Unimproved
sources
5 2
80%
60%
40%
Improved facility
Surface water
100%
8
14
80%
75
40%
20%
0%
5
13
6
Unimproved facility
4 1
12
Open defecation
8
5
14
60%
74
75
Shared facility
76
83
Total
Urban
73
20%
8
Total
Source: WHO/UNIEF JMP 2012
19
3
Urban
Rural
0%
Source: WHO/UNIEF JMP 2012
Rural
Female genital mutilation/cutting (%)
DISPARITIES IN INTERVENTION COVERAGE 1
Gender
Residence
Wealth Quintile
Male
Female
Ratio of
Male to
Female
66
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IGME 2011
9
-
-
-
8
9
0.9
9
9
9
8
8
0.9
MICS 2009-2010
23
23
22
1.0
19
24
0.8
33
24
22
17
14
0.4
MICS 2009-2010
35
37
33
1.1
27
38
0.7
47
40
36
28
21
0.4
MICS 2009-2010
8
9
7
1.2
8
8
0.9
10
8
7
7
7
0.7
MICS 2009-2010
24
24
24
1.0
21
25
0.8
24
23
20
27
24
1.0
MICS 2009-2010
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
93
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other NS 20072008
Care seeking for pneumonia (%)
66
64
67
1.0
69
65
1.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
MICS 2003
Antibiotic use for pneumonia (%)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MICS 2003
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
80
-
-
-
91
76
1.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other NS 2007
73
-
-
-
90
68
1.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other NS 2007
64
-
-
-
82
58
1.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other NS 2007
76
-
-
-
81
74
1.1
67
73
79
81
82
1.2
MICS 2009-2010
Use of improved drinking water
sources (%)
83
-
-
-
93
78
1.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
Use of improved sanitation facilities (%)
76
-
-
-
83
73
1.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
99
100
1.0
100
100
1.0
100
100
99
100
100
1.0
MICS 2003
90
90
91
1.0
93
89
1.0
81
91
91
95
94
1.2
MICS 2009-2010
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
72
73
72
1.0
94
64
1.5
50
64
75
87
96
1.9
MICS 2009-2010
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Indicator
Total
Urban
Rural
Ratio of
Urban to
Rural
Poorest
Second
Middle
Fourth
Richest
Ratio of
Richest to
Poorest
Equity
chart2
Source
DEMOGRAPHICS3
Under-five mortalty rate (per 1,000 live
births)
NUTRITION 4
Low birth weight incidence (%)
Underweight prevalence (based on 2006
WHO reference population, %)
Stunting prevalence (based on 2006
WHO reference population, %)
Wasting prevalence (based on 2006
WHO reference population, %)
Exclusive breastfeeding (0-5 months, %)
Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft
foods (6-9 months, %)
Household consuming adequately
iodized salt (15 ppm or more, %)
CHILD HEALTH 5
Diarrhoeal treatment - children receiving
ORT and continued feeding (%)
Malaria prevention - children sleeping
under ITNs (%)
Malaria treatment - febrile children
receiving antimalarial medicines (%)
MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH
Antenatal care coverage at least one
visit (%)
Antenatal care coverage (4 or more
visits, %)
Skilled attendant at delivery (%)
Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)
WATER AND SANITATION
6
2010
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP 2012)
2010
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP 2012)
EDUCATION
Survival rate to last grade of primary
school (survey data, %)
Primary school net attendance ratio
(survey data, %)
CHILD PROTECTION
Women aged 20-24 years who were
married or in union by age 18 (%)
Birth registration (%)
Female genital mutilation/cutting (%)
Note: The format for this Country Profile has been adapted from the Countdown to 2015 report. Coverage data have been largely derived from national household surveys such as the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and
Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). For the majority of coverage indicators, UNICEF global databases were used. Other organizations such as the World Health Organization, UNAIDS, United Nations Population Fund,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Saving Newborn Lives also provided data. Details on indicators, data sources, and definitions of indicators, can be found at www.childinfo.org.
1. Disparities - Disparity information is only available for data directly derived from household surveys such as MICS and DHS. Therefore, disparity data are not available for the following indicators: vitamin A supplementation,
immunization, and for HIV/AIDS. In addition, neither UNICEF Global Databases nor databases from partner organizations maintain disparity data for the following indicators: total fertility rate, unmet need, institutional deliveries,
contraceptive prevalence, adolescent birth rate.
2. Equity chart - Displays values for the five wealth quintiles to the left. The scale is 0 to 100% for all charts except U5MR, which shows a range of 0 to 300 deaths per 1,000 live births.
3. U5MR - Wealth quintile data are derived directly from MICS, DHS or other surveys. The total is the inter-agency estimate published by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME).
4. Anthropometric indicators - Reference Standards for Underweight, Stunting and Wasting. New international Child Growth Standards for infants and young children were released by WHO in 2006, replacing the older NCHS/WHO
reference population. In using the 2006 WHO reference population, estimates generally change in the following manner: stunting is greater throughout childhood; underweight rates are higher during the first half of infancy and lower
thereafter; and, wasting rates are higher during infancy. Please note that there may be small discrepancies between the totals and the disparity data, as the totals have undergone additional analysis.
5. Child Health - All indicators in this section refer to children under 5 years of age.
6. Water and sanitation - Wealth quintile data are derived from MICS or DHS surveys. Urban, rural and total coverage estimates provided are for 2010 and are those published by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for
Water Supply and Sanitation.
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Printed on 29-May-12