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Muon Flux dN/dPtdηdt (Hz/GeV)
Estimated Muon Flux
• Estimate muon flux at
L=1034 from QCD events
All µ
10 6
10
• Parameterization based on
Pythia (CMS Note 1997/096)
• Includes π/K which decay
before calorimeter
µ from π/K
5
µ from b/c
10 4
10 3
10 2
• Fold in probability to
punch through calorimeter
in endcap region
10
1
10
10
10
-1
• Determined from CMSIM
-2
-3
1
10
PT (GeV/c)10
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
2
• Assume 100% chamber
efficiency
3
Trigger Efficiency Curves
Efficiency
• Convolute muon flux with trigger efficiency
curve to determine trigger rate
• Assume Gaussian errors for 1/PT resolution
10% resolution
50% resolution
Large rate here
Threshold
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
True PT (GeV/c)
4
Muon Rate dN/dηdt (Hz)
CSC Muon Trigger Rates
10 7
10
34
• Single µ rate from
Pythia, convoluted
with efficiency curve
-2 -1
L = 10 cm s
6
10 5
50%
10 4
40%
10 3
10 2
30%
• Require rates < 1 kHz
per unit rapidity
10
1
10
10
• Thresholds set for
90% efficiency
20%
CSC resolution from CMSIM
-1
10% resolution
-2
1
PYTHIA6
10
10
2
Effective PT Threshold (GeV/c)
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
• Not satisfied for PT
resolution worse than
30%
5
CMSIM Study of CSC
Trigger Resolution
7.5
5
2.5
0
5
2.5
0
1
0
-1
-2.5
1
2
1
ηgen
3
Φ1-Φ3 (degree)
Φ1-Φ2 (degree)
7.5
2
1
2
ηgen
3
Φ2-Φ3 (degree)
-2.5
Φ2-Φ3 (degree)
Φ1-Φ3 (degree)
Φ1-Φ2 (degree)
• Study dependence of
∆ϕ on η and PT
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
ηgen
• ϕ and η from LCT
trigger simulation of
single µ’s with no
backgrounds
0.4
0.2
0
2
ηgen
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1
2
ηgen
0.4
Φ2-Φ3 (degree)
1
0
Φ1-Φ3 (degree)
Φ1-Φ2 (degree)
0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1
2
ηgen
ηgen
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1
2
ηgen
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
ηgen
6
Parameterize ∆ϕ vs
vs.. PTT and η
• Fit to ∆ϕ = A(η)/ PT
• Invert relation to
obtain PT
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
7
150
Events
Events
Events
Resolution of 1/PTT
150
• Single µ’s with no
background
100
75
100
100
50
50
0
50
-0.2
0
0
0.2
25
-0.2
-1
-0.2
200
100
100
50
0.2
1/Ptrec-1/Ptgen (GeV )
Events
150
0
-1
1/Ptrec-1/Ptgen (GeV )
Events
Events
0
0.2
-1
1/Ptrec-1/Ptgen (GeV )
300
0
100
75
• Distributions are
Gaussian
50
0
-0.1
0
0
0.1
25
-0.1
-1
200
150
100
100
50
0
0.1
-1
1/Ptrec-1/Ptgen (GeV )
Events
Events
250
200
0
-0.1
1/Ptrec-1/Ptgen (GeV )
Events
300
0
0.1
-1
1/Ptrec-1/Ptgen (GeV )
400
0
• No significant tails
150
100
50
-0.1
0
0.1
-1
1/Ptrec-1/Ptgen (GeV )
0
-0.1
0
0.1
0
-0.1
-1
1/Ptrec-1/Ptgen (GeV )
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
0
0.1
-1
1/Ptrec-1/Ptgen (GeV )
8
σ( 1/Ptrec - 1/Ptgen )/( 1/Ptgen )
Expected PTT Resolution
from CSC Track-Finder
1
Pt = 10 GeV
0.9
Pt = 50 GeV
Pt = 100 GeV
0.8
ME1/3
0.7
ME1/2
ME1/1
MB1
• PT obtained from ∆ϕ
measured between
MB1-ME1 (0.9<η<1.2)
ME1-ME2 (1.2< η<2.4)
0.6
• Resolution ~30% at
low PT
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
MB1 / ME1 / ME2
0
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
2.2
• Expected to be
improved as TrackFinder design evolves
2.4
ηrec
9
σ( 1/Ptrec - 1/Ptgen )/( 1/Ptgen )
375HVROXWLRQZLWKZLWKRXW
0HDVXUHPHQWLQ0%RU0(
1.4
ME2 - ME3
ME1/3 - ME2/2
ME1 - ME2
MB1 - ME1/3
MB2 - ME1/3
Pt = 10 GeV
1.2
1
❙ &DQQRWVDWLVI\VLQJOHµ
UDWHUHTXLUHPHQWZLWKRXW
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0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.8
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ZLWKRXW0%RU0%LQ
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1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
ηrec
Efficiency in Overlap Region
η = 0.2
η = 0.4
η = 0.6
η = 0.8
η = 1.0
η = 1.2
η = 1.4
η = 1.6
η = 1.8
η = 2.0
• Barrel and endcap trigger systems share
information in overlap region
• Either system can identify muons in this region,
but sharp η cut will prevent duplication
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
11
Overlap Region: No Sharing
η = 0.2
η = 0.4
η = 0.6
η = 0.8
η = 1.0
η = 1.2
η = 1.4
η = 1.6
η = 1.8
η = 2.0
CSC only
Efficiency
Efficiency
DT only
η
η
• CMSIM study performed by Vienna
• Poor efficiency around η=1 without sharing
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
12
η = 0.2
η = 0.4
η = 0.6
η = 0.8
Efficiency
Overlap Region:
Barrel+ME1/3+ME2/2
η = 1.0
η = 1.2
η = 1.4
η = 1.6
η = 1.8
Extended DT
coverage
Efficiency
η = 2.0
CSC coverage without DT
η
• Require DT and CSC information in overlap region
for efficient coverage
• Will define a sharp η boundary to avoid duplication
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
13
Trigger Efficiency Study in Overlap Region
• Question: What is the increase in acceptance when overlapping ME1/3?
• Facts:
– Overlap region covers 0.9 < |η| < 1.2
– ME1/3 presently has only 75% coverage in ϕ
– Trigger resolution using only ME1/3 and ME2/2 is not sufficient to reduce
single muon trigger rate in overlap region
– MB1 and MB2 have only 87% coverage in ϕ
– MB1 and MB2 will suffer inefficiency from fringe B-fields in overlap region
• Study:
– Find efficiency for 2 or more stations to fire in overlap region
– Require one hit in MB1 or MB2 for sagitta measurement
• Rate reduction is questionable without MB1 at full luminosity, though,
because PT resolution is 40%
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
4
BTI Efficiency in Fringe Field
1.0
Efficiency
0.9
0.8
BTI model
0.7
0
ψ=0
0
ψ = 16
0
ψ = 26
0.6
0.5
-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
B w (T)
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
7
“Looking at the obtained results we see that the effect is
negligible for a field with components Bn < 0.5T and Bw or Bv
< 0.2 T. The CMS region where the magnetic field exceeds
these values is only the far corner of the first muon station.
Since this region is fully covered by the forward chambers we
do not expect any trigger loss.”
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
8
Inputs to Study
• Acceptance in ϕ for MB1 or MB2 is 87%
• Acceptance in ϕ for ME1/3 is 75% (or 100%)
• Acceptance in ϕ for ME2/2 is 100%
• Trigger efficiency for MB1 or MB2 is varied:
97%, 80%, 60%, 40%
• Trigger efficiency for ME1/3 or ME2/2 is varied: 97%, 80%, 60%
• Coverage in η is studied in 4 regions:
–
–
–
–
0.9 < η < 1.0
1.0 < η < 1.05
1.05 < η < 1.15
1.15 < η < 1.2
D. Acosta, University of Florida
–
–
–
–
MB1, MB2, ME1/3
MB1, MB2, ME1/3, ME2/2
MB1,
ME1/3, ME2/2
MB1,
ME2/2
3/18/99
9
Efficiency of Overlap Region, Case 1
Efficiency
1.2
ME 2/2
1
BTI effic = 97%
0.8
BTI effic = 80%
0.6
BTI effic = 60%
+10%
0.4
BTI effic = 40%
dashed: overlapped ME1/3
0.2
0
solid: non-overlapped ME1/3
LCT effic = 97%
4% increase in
acceptance overall
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
Eta
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
10
Efficiency of Overlap Region, Case 2
Efficiency
1.2
1
0.8
BTI effic = 97%
BTI effic = 80%
0.6
BTI effic = 60%
0.4
BTI effic = 40%
dashed: overlapped ME1/3
0.2
solid: non-overlapped ME1/3
0
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
LCT effic = 80%
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
Eta
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
11
Efficiency of Overlap Region, Case 3
Efficiency
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
BTI effic = 97%
BTI effic = 80%
0.4
BTI effic = 60%
BTI effic = 40%
dashed: overlapped ME1/3
0.2
solid: non-overlapped ME1/3
0
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
LCT effic = 60%
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
Eta
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
12
Summary of Overlap Efficiency
• Largest effect of overlapping ME1/3 occurs for 0.9 < η < 1.0
– 12% increase in acceptance (6% if MB1 hit is required)
– Caused by lack of ME2/2 coverage
• Minimal effect elsewhere
– A hit in either ME1/3 or ME2/2 has high efficiency
• Overall effect of overlapping ME1/3:
– Increase in acceptance for overlap region is 4% (2% if MB1 hit is required)
– Approximately independent of BTI and LCT efficiencies
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
13
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Sagitta Measurement in CSC Trigger
• Estimated trigger resolution of CSC Track-Finder using only ∆ϕ
measured between ME1 and ME2, 3, or 4 is about 30% for PT
• This is barely sufficient to reduce single muon rate below 1 kHz per unit
rapidity for any trigger threshold at full luminosity
• Must go beyond simple scheme of Vienna Track-Finder:
– Require 3 station sagitta measurement to improve resolution to 20% or
better
– Would provide a safety factor of at least 100 in rate
• Little redundancy in CSC system which has only 3 stations, however
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
14
∆Φ23 (deg)
Pt=3 GeV
Pt=5 GeV
Pt=7 GeV
Pt=10 GeV
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-2
1.6 < η < 2.0
0
2
4
∆Φ23 vs ∆Φ12
6
8
10
∆Φ12 (deg)
CSC Redundancy Studies
• Study efficiency for 2 or more stations to fire in CSC system as function
of hit inefficiency (default scheme)
• Study efficiency for 3 or more stations to fire in CSC system as function
of hit inefficiency (sagitta measurement scheme)
• Study for 3 and 4 stations
• Require a hit in ME1 for sufficient PT resolution
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
15
2-Station Efficiency
4 stations
Any Two
3 stations
Station inefficiency
4 stations
3 stations
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
ME1 + Any
16
3-Station Efficiency
Any 3 of 4 stations
ME1 + Any 2 stations
ME1 + ME2 + (ME3 or ME4)
(ideal for PT measurement)
3 stations
only
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
17
Comments
• Largest increase in acceptance occurs for 0.9 < |η| < 1.0 when
overlapping ME1/3 (0.2 units of rapidity)
• This should be weighed against a similar increase in the 3-station
efficiency for 1.2 < |η| < 2.4 if ME4 is recovered (2.4 units of rapidity)
• 3 stations may be necessary for a sagitta measurement to reduce the
trigger rate
– This will require some design work to determine feasibility
• Offline determination of LCT efficiency may benefit from 4 stations,
if 3 stations are required to trigger (similar to a study of residuals)
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
18
Sector Partitioning for ME1
has Changed
20°
20°
20°
Sector Sector Sector
30° → 20°
sectors
ME1 Left
ME1/3
10°
10° 10° 10° 10° 10°
ME1/2
10° 10° 10° 10° 10° 10°
ME1/1
ME1/A
10° 10° 10° 10° 10° 10°
3 → 2 µ / MPC
Muon
Port
Card
16µ
ME2/2 10°
10° 10° 10° 10° 10°
ME2/1
20°
20°
20°
ME3/2
10°
10° 10° 10° 10° 10°
20°
ME3/1
2µ
2µ
18µ
16µ
Muon
Port
Card
Sector
Receiver
Accommodates
split of ME1/1 into
two regions
60° Sector
20°
20°
ME2 and ME3
60° sectors are
unchanged
10° 10° 10° 10° 10°10°
16µ
2 → 3 MPC
60° Sector
ME1 Center ME1 Right
Muon
Port
Card
18µ
Muon
Port
Card
Muon
Port
Card
2µ
3µ
6µ
Barrel
CSC
Sector
Processor
OVR
Sector
Processor
6µ
3µ
Sector
Receiver
Barrel
MPC and SR
designs preserved
Barrel
US CMS DOE/NSF Review: February 17-19, 1999
9
CSC Geometry Problem
• 60° Trigger sector boundaries do not line up between stations
– 20° chambers are bisected in some stations
• Nominal solution requires sector boundaries at ϕ = 15°, 75°, 135°, …
to match as well as possible with barrel sectors
– MB1 rotated +5° with respect to these boundaries
– MB2 rotated -2°, MB3 rotated +2°
• Proposed changes:
– Rotate ME3/1 by 10° in the +Z endcap
– Rotate ME2/1 by 10° in the -Z endcap
• Implies each endcap is different
• ME1 and all 10° chambers are aligned properly. ME4?
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
2
Other Dependencies on Trigger Sectors
• Endcap RPCs
– Chambers should be aligned with CSC sector boundaries for clean match
between CSC and RPC muons
– They aren’t aligned in TDR drawings (ME1/2), but then we don’t have a real
design yet. Thus, make it a requirement.
• Calorimeter
– Association of muons with CAL quiet regions can be performed at L1
– Quiet regions extend 20° (possibly 40°) in ϕ, but starting from ϕ=0°
– However, match is done by comparing ϕ from the Track-Finder to the
appropriate CAL region. Thus, it doesn’t really depend on CSC sector
geometry—only that ϕ is determined properly
• Alignment System ???
D. Acosta, University of Florida
3/18/99
3
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