9/18/2011
1. Innate immunity
- immediate but non-specific
- includes:
External
The lymphatic system
Pathogen
-a disease-causing microorganism
2. Adaptive/Acquired Immunity
- activated by the innate response
- involves many different types
of immune cells
Your immune system functions by
recognizing things as “self” or “non-self”
Example:
Cells that belong in your body have
identifying glycoproteins on their surface
(“self”)
cells/substances that do not belong in
your body do not have those
glycoproteins
Chemical Barriers
◦ Inflammation (swelling, increased circulation,
localized rise in temperature)
Cellular Barriers
◦ Leukocytes (white blood cells) behave like
independent single-celled organisms that
identify and eliminate pathogens
Physical Barrier:
Barrier our skin prevents
pathogens from entering
◦ Sweat and tears are antibacterial
◦ mucus in our throats and noses traps
microbes
◦ stomach acid kills microbes
◦ all of these contain proteases that
can cut up RNA and DNA
◦ There are many types of leukocytes:
macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells…
◦ They eliminate pathogens by either killing
them through direct contact or engulfing and
digesting them
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9/18/2011
A complex network of organs
that work to rid the body
of infection
Lymph, a transparent fluid that contains
white blood cells (leukocytes
leukocytes),
leukocytes circulates
through us
It filters out and engulfs foreign bodies
(ex. bacteria, viruses)
Macrophages: white blood cells that seek
and destroy foreign cells
When injury happens:
•
Neutrophils (inflammatory) are the first
cells to respond to injury
•
Macrophages clean up debris
•
Mast cells induce swelling, warmth, and
redness
•
All 3 types of cells summon more immune
system cells
Adaptive immunity involves T cells and B
cells
T-cells seek out and kill invaders
B-cell produce antibodies towards
antigens
Both produce memory cells that will allow
the immune system to react FASTER and
STRONGER next time, and (hopefully)
preventing spread of infection
Stronger than innate immunity
Our immune systems have an “immulogical
memory”
◦ The basis of vaccinations!
Pathogens are remembered based on their
specific structures: antigens
◦ antigens: anti-body gen-erators
Passive vs. Active Immunity
Active immunity
body itself manufactures antibodies
through fighting off a disease
provides lasting protection
Passive immunity
antibodies are introduced into bloodstream of
an individual, given from mother to child during
pregnancy and breast-feeding
short-term protection
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