by
ROGER DIXON
CERTIFIED WIND SITE ASSESSOR
Skylands Renewable Energy, LLC
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UNITED STATES WIND MAP
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OLDER NEW JERSEY WIND MAP
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2003 NJ 50 METER WIND MAP
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2003 NJ 30 METER WIND MAP
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WHAT’S THE POINT??
 QUALIFY THE AVAILABLE WIND RESOURCE AT A SPECIFIC
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
 VISUALLY INSPECT AREA
 QUANTIFY SITE OBSTRUCTIONS AND HEIGHT
 EVALUATE POSSIBLE LOCATIONS FOR TOWER
 NOTE SOIL CONDITION
 LOCATE EXISTING UTILITIES
 EVALUATE CRANE ACCESS (IF NECESSARY)
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TURBULANCE
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WIND SHEAR/SURFACE FRICTION
 Smooth, hard ground, lake or ocean
0.10
 Short grass on untilled ground
0.14
 Level country with foot-high grass, occasional tree
0.16
 Tall row crops, hedges, a few trees
0.20
 Many trees and occasional buildings
0.22-0.24
 Wooded country; small towns and suburbs
0.28-0.30
 Urban areas, with tall buildings
0.40
Park, Jack; The Wind Power Book, Cheshire Books, 1981
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WIND DIRECTION OR WIND ROSE?
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INTERPRETING A WIND ROSE
 A WIND ROSE GIVES INFORMATION ABOUT THE WIND




SPEED AND FREQUENCY OF WIND BLOWING FROM
VARIOUS DIRECTIONS.
THE LENGTH OF EACH “SPOKE” AROUND THE CIRCLE IS
RELATED TO THE FREQUENCY OF TIME THAT THE WIND
BLOWS FROM A PARTICULAR DIRECTION.
EACH CONCENTRIC CIRCLE REPRESENTS A DIFFERENT
FREQUENCY FROM ZERO AT THE CENTER TO INCREASING
FREQUENCIES AT THE OUTER CIRCLES.
YOU CAN ANALYZE A WIND ROSE TO DETERMINE THE
PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION AND FREQUENCY.
IN THIS EXAMPLE PREVAILING WINDS COME FROM THE
SOUTH SOUTHWEST AND THE NORTHWEST WITH
ADDITIONAL INPUT FROM A VARIETY OF DIRECTIONS.
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SATELLITE MAPPING
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SITE SPECIFIC EXAMPLE
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SITE UPWIND & DOWNWIND
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SIZE OF WIND TURBINES
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TYPES OF TOWERS
Woofenden, Ian; Home Power, Issue #105, February/March 2005
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TOWER SIZING
 EXISTING GROUND OBSTRUCTIONS
 TOWER HUB HEIGHT
 ROTOR LENGTH/SYSTEM HEIGHT
 FAA REGULATIONS
 “FALL” ZONES AND LOT LINE SETBACKS
 MIGRATORY BIRDS
 AESTHETICS
 FOOTINGS
 COST
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POWER EQUATION
 P=1/2d A V3 (where P=power, D=density of the air,
A=area, an V=wind speed)
 TALLER IS ALWAYS BETTER
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TOWER CONSIDERATIONS
Woofenden, Ian; Home Power, Issue #105, February/March 2005
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ELECTRICAL USE & CALCULATIONS
 RATED CAPACITY VS. KILOWATT HOURS
 ANNUAL KILOWATT HOURS USED & DOLLAR VALUE
 NJ NET METERING/CORE PROGRAM
 ESTIMATED POWER PRODUCTION AT SITE
 SWEPT AREA/BIGGER IS BETTER
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SIZE OF SWEPT AREA
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AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT
Turbine
Rated Output
Rotor Diameter (in feet)
Bergey XLS
10 kW
23'
Abundant Renewable Energy 442
10 kW
24’
Wind Turbine Industries / Jacobs 31-20
20 kW
31'
Energie 20/32
35 kW
49’
Entergity EW-15
50kW
63'
Halus / Vestas V17
90kW
56'
Furlander FL100
100 kW
89'
Distributed Energy Systems/Northwind 100
100kW
69’
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SUMMARY
 THESE SLIDES ARE JUST SOME HIGHLIGHTS
 EACH POTENTIAL SITE IS UNIQUE
 MICRO SITING IS VERY IMPORTANT
 TOWERS AND EQUIPMENT MUST FIT EACH SITUATION
 SIZE DOES MATTER
 NOT ALL LOCATIONS ARE SUITABLE
 A PROPER WIND SITE ASSESSMENT IS THE SINGLE MOST
CRITICAL ELEMENT IN THE ENTIRE PROCESS - IT SETS THE
STAGE FOR ALL SUBSEQUENT DECISIONS
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ROGER DIXON
Skylands Renewable Energy, LLC
3 Thads Hill Road
Hampton, NJ 08827
908.337.2057
www.skylandsre.com
roger.dixon@att.net
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