7.3 The Age of Jackson
11/15/2013
Mr. Manelski
CPUSH
OBJECTIVES
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OBJECTIVES:
IDENTIFY the events and
factors that contributed to
Andrew Jackson’s rise to
power.
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DESCRIBE Andrew
Jackson’s political
beliefs.
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EXAMINE how Jackson’s
presidency expanded
democracy and
egalitarianism, but not to
all Americans.
The Era of Good FeelingsReally?
• Election of 1816: Republicans crush
Federalists, 183 to 34 (see election.org)
• James Monroe is 5th President of the United
States
• Monroe is the ambassador of Nationalism
• Monroe’s administration was called the “Era
of Good Feelings”
WHY?
ANSWER: With no Federalists, the US seemed united
The Election of 1824: A Corrupt
Bargain?
• Andrew Jackson wins popular vote
– 38%
– Running against John Quincy Adams, William
Crawford, and Henry Clay
• Jackson and Adams tie in the Electoral College
– Clay comes in last and drops out
– Crawford has a stroke and drops out
• Clay is also the Speaker of the House
– Why is this important?
* Remember in the case of a tie Congress votes and
decides the election
“The Corrupt Bargain”
The Facts of the Case:
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“The Corrupt Bargain”
THE FACTS OF THE CASE:
1. Election of 1824
2. Andrew Jackson wins popular vote
3. Jackson and John Quincy Adams tie for electoral
vote
4. Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, to decide the
tie
5. Clay meets with Adams privately
6. Clay gives Adams the Presidency
7. Adams makes Clay Secretary of State
The Administration of
John Quincy Adams
• The undiplomatic diplomat, the apolitical
politician
• First “minority president”
• Refused to remove officeholders or use patronage
• Urged nationalistic endeavors on Congress
• Increasingly out of step with growing sectionalism
• Viewed positively by history, not so in his day
Jackson Wins in 1828
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Democratic-Republicans (Jackson) divorces from
Nationalistic-Republicans (Adams)
“Shall the people rule?”- expansion of suffrage
Jackson runs as a “reform” candidate
Mudslinging, personal attacks on J.Q. Adams
Jackson wins 178 to 83, wins West and South
Shift of power, East to West, Elite to Common
Man
Data Visualizations
• Following the Frontier Line
The Jackson Administration
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Individualism, Opportunism, Versatility, Populism
Orphaned & Uneducated
Became Judge and Congressman for Tennessee
“Old Hickory” to his troops
1st President from West, 2nd w/o College Degree
Suspicious of Clay’s American System
Frequently uses veto power, “King Andrew”
First Inaugural Address of Andrew Jackson
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1829
(Excerpt) The recent demonstration of public sentiment inscribes on
the list of Executive duties, in characters too legible to be
overlooked, the task of reform, which will require particularly the
correction of those abuses that have brought the patronage of
the Federal Government into conflict with the freedom of
elections, and the counteraction of those causes which have
disturbed the rightful course of appointment and have placed or
continued power in unfaithful or incompetent hands.
In the performance of a task thus generally delineated I shall
endeavor to select men whose diligence and talents will insure in
their respective stations able and faithful cooperation,
depending for the advancement of the public service more on
the integrity and zeal of the public officers than on their
numbers.
“Spoils System”
• Large #’s of Jackson supporters rewarded with
federal jobs, “rotation in office”
• Removes 10% of officeholders
• Party membership vs. Merit &Service
• Increased corruption: “Kitchen Cabinet,”
• Increased power of party machines
In your opinion, was Jackson himself was
a man “of the people”?
(HINT: look at “Key Player” pg. 211)
How did the Election 1824 shape
Jackson’s political beliefs & his “spoils
system?”
Nullification Crisis
• Tariff of 1816 increased twice: 1824 & 1828
• John C. Calhoun – “The Tariff of
Abominations” 1828
– The South Carolina Exposition
– States had the right to nullify or ignore federal
laws they don’t agree with
• Should be able to leave union if they can’t
– Calhoun saw it as majority trampling on the
minority- New England getting rich at the
expensive of the South
• John C. CalhounJackson’s Vice
President
Hayne and Webster Debates
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When: January 1830
Who: Robert Hayne of SC and Daniel Webster of MA
What: Debated role of Federal Gov & States Rights
Where: US Senate
Why: Showed the increased sectionalism. Haynes
believed that states had the right to follow the laws
they wanted to or leave Union. Webster was for Union
/ Nationalism.
• Jackson weighs in- “Our Union- It must be preserved”
– Calhoun and Jackson never work together again
Daniel Webster on
the Senate floor
Webster- Haynes Debate
Tariff of 1832
• Congress Passes another Tariff in 1832
• South Carolina declares?
– Tariff unconstitutional
– “null, void, and no law”
– Threatened to secede, or leave union
• How does Jackson react?
– Takes personal offense to it
– Threatens to send federal troops into South Carolina, hang
Calhoun
– Congress passes Force Bill
• Authorized federal gov to use military against SC
• Henry Clay steps in and arranges compromise between all groups
Videos
• Nullification Video
• Nullification Video 2 Start at 1:40