There are three parts to the cell theory
1. all living things are made of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
3. All Cells arise from pre-existing cells

• What are organelles?
• internal compartments that carry out specific cell functions
• How are organelles beneficial to a cell?
• They allow the cell to grow larger and become more specialized

• Nucleus : control center; houses DNA; directs activities of the cell
• Nucleolus: producing ribosomes
• Nuclear envelope : encloses the nucleus and its contents
• Nuclear pore : pore in nucleus; can allow substances (RNA) to leave

• Powerhouse of the cell
• Energy production for cells (ATP)
• Sites of aerobic respiration
• “mitochondria makes me mighty”

• Synthesizes steroids
• Detoxifies poisons
(alcohol)
• Transports substances
• Regulates calcium levels for muscle contraction

• Transports proteins

• Make proteins

• membrane-bound structure
• organelle modifies molecules and packages them into small membrane bound sacs called vesicles

• Membrane-sac that transports materials

• digests waste materials and food within the cell
• breaks down molecules into their base components with strong digestive enzymes

• Plant cells have different structures
• Contains:
– Cell wall
– Chloroplast
– Vacuole (large central, takes up most part of cell)

• Regulates substances in and out of the cell.

• Protection

centrioles
Assist with cell division : helps to move chromosomes

• Hereditary informer
• Material consisting of
DNA and proteins only visible during cell division.

Different levels of DNA condensation. (1) DNA strand. (2) Chromatin strand
(DNA with histones). (3) Chromatin during interphase with centromere. (4)
Condensed chromatin during prophase. (Two copies of the DNA molecule are now present) (5) Chromosome during metaphase.

• Part of cytoskeleton
• Assist in cell division
• Can combine with other proteins to form complex structures like cilia and flagella

• Cellular movement