Section B Review
1) Protons and Electrons have to be equal to form Neutral Atoms
2) Sulfur -2 anion, iron +2 cation, silver neutral, iodine -1 anion
3)
Element
Carbon
Carbon
Calcium
Platinum
Uranium
# protons
6
6
20
78
92
# neutrons
6
7
21
117
146
Electrons
6
6
20
78
92
4) Ions are forms by gaining or losing ELECTRONS
5) Add together protons plus neutrons to get mass number (not shown on
periodic table) Carbon has two ISOTOPES on the table, different # of
neutrons
6) Magnesium Isotopes – ALL three have 12 protons
Mg 24 has 12 protons, 12 neutrons, Mg 25 has 13 neutrons, Mg 26 has 14
neutrons
7) Electrons are tiny compared to protons and neutrons, or “nucleons”
8) No, # of protons determines the type of atom
9) Row = Period, Column = Family or group with similar chemical and physical
properties
10)
H, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr are the other elements in the Alkali group or
family, All are similarly reactive metals
11)
Noble Gases are the far right group or family, they are all gases with
low boiling points, they are all inert or non-reactive. They do not bond with
other elements
12)
Mg F2 and GaP
13)
Average of element above and below; (115+450)/2 = 283 deg C
14)
Chlorine’s boiling point should be lower than Iodine because it is
higher in the group
15)
Metals (left side of periodic table) tend to lose electrons and become
positive
16)
Positive Cations = Sodium, lithium, calcium, copper, tin,
Negative anions = fluorine, oxygen, iodine
17)
Noble gases rarely exchange electrons and rarely bond with other
atoms
18)
A) anion B) neutral C) neutral D) cation E) cation
19)
A) gain B) none C) none D) lose E) lose
20)
H , Na 1+, Cl 1-, Al 3+
21)
A) Potassium Iodide B) Calcium Sulfide C)Iron (III) Bromide D) Barium
Hydroxide E) Ammonium Phosphate F) Aluminum (III)oxide
22)
The periodic table helped scientists organize the known properties of
elements and as a tool to help them predict the nature of undiscovered
items.
23)
Bar graphs represent discontinuous data because they do not show
information between known data
24)
Data Tables
a. Before lab – helps organize data collection
b. During lab – organize collection of data
c. After Lab – assist with analyzing trends in data
25)
The ion models represented the number of charges that needed to
be matched between cations and anions to form neutral compounds. The
models are not perfect because they do not represent other ion properties.
26)
Calcium is more likely to react with a chromium (III) chloride solution
because Calcium is more reactive than chromium
27)
Zn is more reactive than silver, so zinc(s) solid will replace Ag(aq) in
solution (Reaction B)
28)
An iron spoon is more reactive than Lead , so an iron spoon would
dissolve and replace the lead in solution.
Fe + PbNO3  FeNO3+ Pb
29)
Oxygen isotopes would be more similar chemically (same electron
configurations)
30)
Average the properties of the element above and below; 205
picometers
31)
A) Bromine B) Silicon
32)
Many answers; Ar and K
33)
Magnesium is more reactive than Iron and aluminum common
building materials
34 and 35 are not required.
Aluminum corrodes until a thin coating of Aluminum Oxide is formed and then it
doesn’t react anymore. Iron will continue to corrode until the iron is gone.