Waves
•The heaviest domestic cat was a
DID YOU tabby called 'Himmy' who weighed
KNOW? 46lb 15oz at his death in 1984…he was
a small tiger!
•What do you think would happen to the tabby
species if this cat was bred over & over &
over & over & over & over….?
Friday Nov 15th 2013
Objective: I will compare freshwater plankton to
what I saw yesterday and begin learning about
waves.
Agenda:
- Get a freshwater plankton sample
- Glue your currents quiz into pg. 82
- Complete current WS pg. 81
- Begin Waves text questions
Homework: None
Did You Know?
 Muscle twitches are caused by our muscles tightening
up ("contracting") involuntarily — in other words,
when we're not actually controlling them.
 Muscle twitches can happen for lots of reasons, like
stress, too much caffeine, a poor diet, exercise, or as a
side effect of some medications.
 Lots of people get twitches in the eyelid, thumb, or calf
muscles. These types of twitches usually go away after
a few days. They're often related to stress or anxiety
10 - 4
Monday Nov 18th 2013
Objective: I will finish my wave text questions and
review a bit before learning wave vocabulary.
Agenda:
- 15 min. to finish wave text questions
- vocabulary on waves pg. 84-85 (ISN)
draw a picture to represent each
vocab. term
Homework: There will be a major summative later
this week on tides, waves, currents and
plankton.
Waves Text Questions pg. 83
(ISN)
Pg. 12-3: 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10
Begin this today you will
have 15 min on Monday to
finish. Use time wisely
10 - 6
Chapter 11 & Chapter 12
Pg. 11-3: 1,4, 5, 6,10,11
Pg. 11-26: 1,2,5
Pg. 11-33: 2
Pg. 12-3: 2,3,4, 5,6,8,9,10
Pg. 12-12:1,3,4,6,7,8,9
Did You Know?
 "The Wave" originated as a challenge between The
Seattle Sounder fans and The Vancouver Whitecaps
fans in 1975 at Memorial stadium in Seattle, during an
NASL soccer game. "Bill the beer man" challenged the
two sides of the stadium to out yell each other. As the
two sides would rise to their feet and yell, "Go
Sounders" or "Go Whitecaps," it would give the
appearance of waves. As they added seating at the end
of the field, it went in "the round", going all around
the stadium in the form of the "Wave".
10 - 8
Thursday Oct 30th
2014
Objective: I will learn about the anatomy of a wave
and review some of the wave text questions.
Agenda:
- Wave notes pg. 72 ISN
- You do not need to write the
slides that are also answers to the
text questions.
Homework: Study guide tomorrow for Monday’s test
on tides waves and currents.
Did You Know?
 Love to surf? Then you have to visit Brazil to surf the
longest wave on the planet Earth called Pororoca.
Between February and March Atlantic ocean tides
generate waves up to 12 feet high which can last for
over half an hour. Pororoca in indigenous Tupi
language means "great destructive noise" and it
destroys everything in its path with the speed of 10 to
15 miles (16 to 24 km) per hour.
Friday Oct 31st 2014
Objective: Review for Monday’s test!
Agenda:
- Wave notes pg. 72-73ISN
- You do not need to write the
slides that are also answers to the
text questions.
- Study guide pg. 74 ISN
Homework: Happy Halloween! Study this weekend
for Monday’s test!
Anatomy of a Wave
 A wave is the transmission of energy through
matter.
 Key word is “through.”
 When energy moves through matter as a wave,
matter moves, but …
- overall doesn’t shift forward or backward.
- It transmits the energy to adjacent matter, allowing the
energy to continue.
10 - 12
Movement
 The water molecules only move in small circles.
 Waves cause water movement down to a depth of
about ½ the wavelength. After that, there is no
movement caused by the wave.
 When the wave gets away from the wind that
formed it, the periods get longer and the crests get
more rounded = swells.
Anatomy of a Wave
(12-3 #3)



crest –
 highest point above average water level
trough –
 lowest point below average water level
height –
 vertical measurement from trough to crest
10 - 14
Anatomy of a Wave



wavelength –
 horizontal distance
between the identical
point of two waves
period –
 time it takes for the same
spot on two waves to pass
a single point
frequency –
 the number of waves that pass
a fixed point in one second
Wave trainseries of waves that are moving in the same
direction
(12-3 #4)
Wave Speed Equation
Velocity = wavelength /
period
This is sometimes
abbreviated:
V=L/T
10 - 15
Wave Speed Equation
 Velocity = Wavelength/Period
 Same as the speed equation distance/time but using
wave components
 Practice: it takes 5 sec for the crests of two consecutive
waves to pass a given point. The crests are 20 m apart.
How fast is this wave traveling?
10 - 16
Wave Characteristics
 deepwater waves
 occur in water that is deeper
than half their wavelength
 the bottom does not affect
their orbital motion
 shallow-water waves
 occur in water that is shallower
than half their wave-length
 the bottom creates drag that
affects their orbital motion
http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/0
1428/waves1en.html
(12-3 # 7)
10 - 17
Wave Characteristics (12-3 # 8)
 Three factors affect maximum wave size:
 wind speed faster than the wave
 wind duration

time wind blows
 fetch

surface area over which wind blows
10 - 18
Wave Causes and Characteristics
(12-3 #9)
 A fully developed sea can have waves larger
or smaller than the maximum theoretical size.
 if waves are in phase,
wave energies are constructive
and combine into larger waves.
 if waves are out of phase,
 they can cancel each other out (destructive)

10 - 19
Wave Causes and Characteristics
(pg. 12-3 # 10)
Internal Waves
 they can occur within different density layers
 these waves can be as much as 30 meters (100 feet) tall
 internal waves are found below the surface
 the wave motion in a deep layer can cause a thermocline
or halocline to slowly rise and fall as the wave passes
10 - 20
Breaking Waves (pg. 12-12 #1)
 Shallow water
 Slows
 Water depth is ½ the
wavelength
 When water depth is less
than ½ wavelength
 Top of wave pitches
forward
Surf and Breaking Waves
 1. surging breakers


occur on very steep beaches that are almost like walls
because they do not slow, they surge virtually
unbroken and can be very destructive
10 - 22
Surf and Breaking Waves
 2. plunging breakers


characterized by a curl as the top of the wave pitches
through the air before splashing into the bottom
they occur on moderately steep beaches
10 - 23
Surf and Breaking Waves
 3. spilling breakers


are characterized by the top of the wave tumbling and
sliding down the front of the wave as it decelerates slowly
they occur on beaches with a gentle slope
10 - 24
Surf and Breaking Waves (pg. 12-12 #3)
 waves rarely hit the shore squarely.
 refraction, diffraction, and reflection affect
wave behavior.
 on an irregular shoreline, refraction
concentrates wave energy toward protrusions
because the side of the wave nearest to the
protrusion slows first, turning the wave toward
it
10 - 25
Surf and Breaking Waves
(pg. 12-12 #3)
 wave diffraction occurs when waves hit an
obstacle, such as a jetty

energy shifts within the wave, allowing a new wave
pattern to form past the obstacle or through an
opening
10 - 26
Surf and Breaking Waves
(pg. 12-12 #3 & #4)
 reflection occurs when waves hit an abrupt obstacle
that is nearly perpendicular in the water, such as a sea
wall.
 Reflected wave energy can bounce around the sides of
an enclosed area, creating complex wave patterns.
 reflection can cause a standing wave.

this wave is a vertical oscillation in which water
rocks back and forth, rising and falling at the
ends, but relatively motionless near the center
10 - 27
Rocking Waves (12-12 #6)
 Seiche: is a form of a standing wave that can be
destructive.
 Seiches are caused by earthquakes and heavy winds.
Types of Waves (12-12 #8 & #9)
 Tsunami: Means Harbor wave (not a true tidal
wave)
 Generated by earthquake, a landslide, or volcanic
eruption
 Always shallow water waves because there is no part in
the ocean deep enough to make it behave as a deep water
wave.
 Largest recorded 84m
 Rogue wave = A single wave with a high crest and
low trough out at sea.
 Formed when 2 large waves from a storm unite or when
waves meet from opposing currents.
 Very dangerous
Science of a Tsunami
 http://www.history.com/videos/the-science-of-
tsunamis#the-science-of-tsunamis
 http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-earth-was-
made/videos/mega-tsunamis#mega-tsunamis
10 - 30
Wave Clips
 http://www.surfline.com/video/featured-
clips/teahupoo-super-session-09_27527
10 - 31
Science of a Tsunami
 http://www.history.com/videos/the-science-of-
tsunamis#the-science-of-tsunamis
 http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-earth-was-
made/videos/mega-tsunamis#mega-tsunamis
10 - 32
Rouge waves
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_8hOai9hGQ&saf
e=active
10 - 33
Did You Know?
 Developed and used by cultures living in forested
areas, drums served as an early form of long distance
communication, and were used during ceremonial and
religious function.
 Drums are used for communication in central
Africa. Many languages of the Bantu family of
languages, spoken there, have drum equivalents. It
works just about like the Morse code, except that
the Morse code uses letters as units, and the drum
communication uses words.
10 - 34
Double break
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47rsFNAqIfo&safe
=active
10 - 35
Thursday Nov 21st
2013
Objective: I will review for tomorrow’s test.
Agenda:
- Wave packet 86-95 (highlight and
answer question on the last pg.)
- Study guide pg. 96 ISN
- 3 points e.c. if you show me a
completed study guide tomorrow
before the test.
Homework: STUDY STUDY STUDY
Wave Causes and Characteristics
(continued)
 A fully developed sea can have waves larger
or smaller than the maximum theoretical size.
 if waves are in phase,
wave energies are constructive
and combine into larger waves.
 if waves are out of phase,
 they can cancel each other out (destructive)

10 - 37
Wave Causes and Characteristics
(continued)
Internal Waves
 they can occur within different density layers
 these waves can be as much as 30 meters (100 feet) tall
 internal waves are found below the surface
 the wave motion in a deep layer can cause a thermocline
or halocline to slowly rise and fall as the wave passes
10 - 38
Wave Causes and Characteristics
(continued)
Internal Waves
 Scientists don’t exactly know what causes
internal waves.
 It is likely they get their energy from wind,
gravity, or seismic forces, just like surface
waves.
10 - 39
Breaking Waves
 Shallow water
 Slows
 Water depth is ½ the
wavelength
 When water depth is less
than ½ wavelength
 Top of wave pitches
forward
Surf and Breaking Waves
 There are three basic types of wave breaks:
 1. plunging breakers


characterized by a curl as the top of the wave pitches
through the air before splashing into the bottom
they occur on moderately steep beaches
10 - 41
Surf and Breaking Waves
 2. spilling breakers


are characterized by the top of the wave tumbling and
sliding down the front of the wave as it decelerates slowly
they occur on beaches with a gentle slope
10 - 42
Surf and Breaking Waves
 3. surging breakers


occur on very steep beaches that are almost like walls
because they do not slow, they surge virtually
unbroken and can be very destructive
10 - 43
Wave Clips
 http://www.surfline.com/video/featured-
clips/teahupoo-super-session-09_27527
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y1MkFZSwIs&feat
ure=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=
1&safe=active
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQrj0DNXjMY&fe
ature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mod
e=1&safe=active
10 - 44
Rocking Waves
 Seiche: is a form of a standing wave that can be
destructive.
 Seiches are caused by earthquakes and heavy winds.
Types of Waves
 Tsunami: Means Harbor wave (not a true tidal
wave)
 Generated by earthquake, a landslide, or volcanic
eruption
 Always shallow water waves because there is no part in
the ocean deep enough to make it behave as a deep water
wave.
 Largest recorded 84m
 Rogue wave = A single wave with a high crest and
low trough out at sea.
 Formed when 2 large waves from a storm unite or when
waves meet from opposing currents.
 Very dangerous.
 Figure 10-7 on page 10-9
Science of a Tsunami
 http://www.history.com/videos/the-science-of-
tsunamis#the-science-of-tsunamis
 http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-earth-was-
made/videos/mega-tsunamis#mega-tsunamis
10 - 47
Thursday Nov 15th
2012
Objective: I will review tides, waves and currents so
I will be ready for my test on Monday.
Agenda:
- Tsunami and Rogue wave clips
- Study Guides/Make-ups
Homework: None but be prepared for a test next
week on tides, waves and currents.
Constructive and Destructive
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YkILSCVibY&safe
ty_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
 Rouge Wave:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMMh8rrH95s&sa
fety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
 Tsunami:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B01vktb2bj4&featu
10 - 49
re=fvst&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&sa
In addition to study guide
 Review your wind picture: know where the tradewinds,
westerlies and easterlies (polar winds) are and if they
blow toward or away from the equator.
10 - 50
Surf and Breaking Waves
(continued)
 waves rarely hit the shore squarely.
 refraction, diffraction, and reflection affect
wave behavior.
 on an irregular shoreline, refraction
concentrates wave energy toward protrusions
because the side of the wave nearest to the
protrusion slows first, turning the wave toward
it
10 - 51
Surf and Breaking Waves
(continued)
 wave diffraction occurs when waves hit an
obstacle, such as a jetty

energy shifts within the wave, allowing a new wave
pattern to form past the obstacle or through an
opening
10 - 52
Surf and Breaking Waves
(continued)
 reflection occurs when waves hit an abrupt obstacle
that is nearly perpendicular in the water, such as a sea
wall.
 Reflected wave energy can bounce around the sides of
an enclosed area, creating complex wave patterns.
 reflection can cause a standing wave.

this wave is a vertical oscillation in which water
rocks back and forth, rising and falling at the
ends, but relatively motionless near the center
10 - 53
Very Large Tidal Bore
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiKoWAiqufE&feat
ure=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=
1&safe=active
10 - 54
Did You Know?
 Introduction to plankton! The character “Plankton” on
Spongbob is based off a real zooplankton called a
copepod.
Wednesday Nov. 5th
2014
Objective: I will see the organisms that are riding
the tides and currents!
Agenda:
Super short plankton review
Plankton Lab
Homework: None 
Types of Plankton
 Plankton = Free-floating organisms (drifters); most
abundant organisms in the ocean.
 1) Phytoplankton = autotrophic; Always located near
the surface
 2) Zooplankton = heterotrophic; located beneath
phytoplankton, vertically migrate at night.
 More diverse than phytoplankton.
Zooplankton
 Significance = provides a link between the
phytoplankton, producers and the larger fish below.
 Holoplankton = the primary herbivore in the sea.
 Meroplankton = larval form of some marine
organisms.
Plankton Lab Set-Up
 1. Microscopes: plug in on the front of your table
 2. Plankton samples: get from the front desk
 3. Make all adjustments on the microscope using the
lowest setting then move up
Plankton Lab
 Your group will need a sheet of white paper from me or a
cell phone camera.
 Fold your paper so it has 4 squares or take 4 photos.
 Assignment:
 Groups of 2-3
 Look at your plankton sample and find 2 phytoplankton
and 2 zooplankton
 Draw these and label them in your squares. (one in each
square)
 OR upload a photo of each to edmodo (include group member
names and plankton type)
 Have fun looking at the different types of plankton in
your sample!!!
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-
hMedWQjUg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&pe
rsist_safety_mode=1&safe=activeb
10 - 61
Great White Slam Dance
 http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/shark-week-great-
white-slam-dance.html
10 - 62
Did You Know?
Flexing your math skills
10 - 63
Monday Nov 3rd 2014
Objective: I will master my major summative!!
Agenda:
- Major summative on tides, waves,
current.
Homework: None  a little
applied math
humor
Major Summative
 A= True B=False
 All personal materials off the desk top please
 No electronics out or in use during testing, when you
finish you may use them individually if it is not
distracting others.
 Extra Credit: What is the Hawaiian word for
ocean/saltwater. It is also my son’s name.
10 - 65