•
•
•
•
•

Northern
Securities v.
U.S., 1904
NAACP
Upton
Sinclair
19 th
Amendment Poll Tax
Federal
Reserve Act
Muckraker
Carrie A.
Nation
Niagara
Movement
Great
Migration
Wright
Brothers
Urban Slums
Mail Order
Catalogs
18 th
Amendment
Atlanta
Compromise
Speech
American
Tobacco v.
U.S., 1911

7.02

Theodore
Roosevelt
Anthracite Coal
Mine Strike
1902
• Progressive Reform President that often took side of workers
• Over 150,000 miners walked off their job
• Wanted higher pay, shorter work days, recognition of their union.
• Mine owners refused, Roosevelt threatened use of federal troops
• The Mine Owners agreed to arbitration.
– Roosevelt “Square Deal” platform
• The Miners received a wage increase .
U.S. v. EC Knight
Co.
• 1895, had gone against the gov.
– Could break up company if monopoly was in distribution,
NOT in manufacture of a good
• Roosevelt still felt that monopolies violated the
Sherman Antitrust Act.
• He brought the suit against the Northern Securities Co
& its railroad monopoly in the Pacific NW.
• Northern Securities v. US decided the companies exist violated federal law & must break up
4

William Howard
Taft
• 1908 - Roosevelt didn’t run for re-election, chose
WilliamTaft (progressive reformer) to run in his place.
American Tobacco v. US, 1911
• American Tobacco Company controlled 90% of cigarette production
• James “Buck” Duke had established illegal monopoly in
NC and ordered to break up
• Allowed for competition from RJ Reynolds
Mann-Elkins Act
Payne-Aldrich tariff:
• Expanded the power of the Interstate Commerce
Commission to regulate telephone & telegraph rates.
• Supposed to lower tariffs, but when it was signed raised the tariffs. This would cause the split of the
Republican party in 1912.
5

Bull Moose Party • Republican Party split
– Republicans nominated Taft
– New party of Progressives, the Bull Moose Party, nominated Roosevelt
• Bull Moose Party favored improved working conditions, more gov. business regulations, women’s suffrage, end to child labor, and direct elections
Election of 1912
• Roosevelt & Taft lose the election because of split in
Republican Party
• Democrat Woodrow Wilson wins Election of 1912
6

Wilson
Federal Reserve
Act
• He became the 28 th president in 1913.
• He opposed Big Business & Big Gov’t
• He supported passing the Federal Reserve Act .
• established a Federal Reserve to oversee banking in the
US.
• It gave the government greater control of circulation of money and helped prevent bank failure.
Clayton Antitrust
Act
• Wilson also signed the Clayton Antitrust Act in 1914.
• It served to make strikes, peaceful picketing & boycotts legal.
7

Women • Progressives supported women’s suffrage
• 1890National American Woman Suffrage Association
(NAWSA) was formed by:
– Susan B. Anthony
– Elizabeth Cady Stanton
– Lucy Stone
• 1913, Carrie Chapman Catt led 5,000 woman march to
Washington, DC for Wilson’s inauguration
• 1917- 2 million members strong
– Same year WWI began, women took an active role
• 1920- 19 th Amendment- women given the right to vote
8

Constitutional
Amendments during the
Progressive
Period
Temperance
Movement
Carrie Nation
• 16 th Amendment 1913: Congress now had the power to collect taxes on the income of business & individuals. It increased the federal gov’t revenue
& eliminated the need to tax according to the proportions of state populations
• 17 th Amendment 1913: This law established that
US senators would be elected directly by the people of the state , rather than by state legislature.
• 18 th Amendment 1919: The gov’t prohibited the making selling or transporting of alcoholic beverages …it was later repealed.
• 19 th Amendment 1920: Gave Women the Right to
Vote!
• The limiting and/or ridding of alcohol
• She entered saloons and smashed bottles of liquor with a hatchet while her supporters prayed and sang hymns
9

Reforms in State
Government
• Robert La Follette or “Fighting Bob” was governor of
Wisconsin from 1901-1906.
• His state adopted the direct primary; meaning the people would choose the candidates for public office .
• B/c of La Follette other states started to adopt reforms like referendum (petition to put issue on ballot), recall (removal of officials from office) & the secret ballot.
Reforms in City
Government
• Political Machines & their bosses left room for reform in the city governments
• Some cities began to experiment w/ new models of gov. during the Progressive Period.
• One model was having a Commission run the city rather than a mayor or individual .
• Another was to have the city hire a City Manager
(hired) and he would answer to the city council (elected) that was elected by the ppl.
• City councils came to be used in many places to hold elected leaders accountable .
10

• Choose one president who held office during the Progressive Era and explain three things he contributed to reform and why each was effective.
• Describe the working environment for employees and the condition of factories during the Progressive Era and then explain some of the methods used to improve these situations.