Chapter
5.1:1-4
Gail Fernandes
Maria Valdez
Guadalupe Rangel
Review From Last Time
 Biosphere:
region that encompasses all
living organisms

Aka ecosphere
 Lithosphere:
outer region of Earth
 Troposphere: lower region of atmosphere
 Hydrosphere: regions of water
Ecology: study of the
interactions between biotic
and abiotic regions
Biotic Region
Abiotic Region
 Biosphere
 Atmosphere
 Living
 Lithosphere
Earth
parts of the
 Hydrosphere
 Non-living
the Earth
parts of
Levels of the
Biosphere
Biodiversity: the measure
the variety of living
organisms that inhabit an
environment
Types of Cells in Organisms
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs
Populations and Communities


Habitat: place/environment where populations live
Limiting Factors: factors that most affect the success
of populations


Ex: amount of sunlight/rainfall/nutrients
Range of tolerance: the amount of tolerance an
environment has to deal with limiting factors




Tolerance Limits: the max and min requirements that a
population can survive
Optimum range: range of an abiotic factor that results in
largest population of species
Indicator species: species whose presence or absence is
strict indicator of conditions of environment
Keystone species: species whose presence may
significantly affect the community make up
Ecosystem: community of living
organisms interacting with each
other and the environment
Decomposers can be replaced by
detritivores or scavengers.
Biomass: amount of organic
material in food web
10% efficiency at every level
Ecological Succession: after a
catastrophic event, an
ecosystem has to rebuild itself
Primary Succession



Development of the first
biota where no life is
found
Pioneer Species: can
survive at beginning
 Ex: Lichen, mosses
Climax community: max
biota that ecosystem can
support is reached
Secondary Succession


Existing ecosystem’s
community of species is
removed by fire or
deforestation, leaving
only soil
Stages
 Early Plant/Animal
 Mid-Species
 Late Successional
QUIZ TIME! 

1) What are the levels of the biosphere (in order)?


2) What is the main difference between eukaryotic
and a prokaryotic cell?


Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome,
Biosphere
Eukaryotic has a nucleus to contain DNA, while
prokaryotic does not
3) What is optimum range and how does it relate to
communities?

It is the range of an abiotic factor that results in largest
population of species. Every population in a community
has a range of tolerance limits. This means that the
optimum range cannot be exceeded and the
community will survive.