The Industrial Revolution
and the Cotton Gin (SSUSH7a)
• The Industrial Revolution began in the English textile industry
and spread to New England in the late 1700’s and early 1800’s
• One of the important
developments was
Eli Whitney’s use of
interchangeable parts
(this impacted other
mass production)
• Another invention was
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
–which increased cotton production
and increased the need for slavery
The Cotton Gin
Westward Growth and
Manifest Destiny (SSUSH7b)
Manifest Destiny
”From Sea to Shining Sea”
Reform Movements (SSUSH7c & 8a)
•
Temperance Movement – abolish alcohol
(Women in particular supported this movement)
• Abolitionism—abolishment of slavery
1. William Lloyd Garrison–
The Liberator (a leading abolitionist publication)
2. Frederick Douglass—former slave who
wrote an autobiography widely read
• Public Education—Increase in voters
mandated the need for publicly funded
education –(Horace Mann was a leader of this
reform movement)
Women’s Suffrage (SSUSH7d)
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
Women met to demand equal
rights after being silenced at
abolition rallies by men
Draft Seneca Falls Declaration –(a
Declaration of Independence
for women)
Leaders: Elizabeth Cady Stanton
& Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Jacksonian Democracy
(SSUSH7e)
– Andrew Jackson’s Election in 1828 was helped by
many states dropping property requirements for white
male voters
– He also insisted on opening
up the Party Convention to
avoid “Caucus Politics”
-- He was first Presidential
Candidate from the “west”
--Insisted on Nationalism
over state’s rights ideology
The Nullification Crisis(1832)
(SSUSH8c)
•
•
•
•
•
When tariff reached nearly 45% with the passage of
the 1828 “Tariff of Abominations”
South Carolina declared
it nullified (that is, not
enforced in the state)
and threatened to secede
Led by John C. Calhoun
President Andrew Jackson
threatened to send in troops
and impose marshall law
The Crisis was averted when
a compromise tariff was passed in 1833
The Missouri Compromise (1820)
(SSUSH8b)
The Mexican War (SSUSH8d)
• After gaining
independence from
Mexico in 1836,Texas
was annexed in 1845
• Border disputes with
Mexico began the
Mexican War
• A provisions bill passed
by the House of
Representatives called
the Wilmot Proviso
banned slavery in territory
acquired after the War
with Mexico
The Compromise of 1850
(SSUSH8e)
• California admitted as a
Free State
• Popular Sovereignty-Utah and New Mexico
territories decide about
slavery
• Fugitive Slave Act–
escaped slaves could be
captured and returned
without due process and
whites who aided escape
could be prosecuted.
• Slave Trade abolished in
District of Columbia
The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
(SSUSH9a)
• Stephen Douglas pushed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
through Congress despite the criticism from Northern
congressmen that the bill violated the Missouri
Compromise.
• Since popular sovereignty would decide whether
slavery would be allowed in Kansas, violence broke out
between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in what
came to be known as “Bleeding Kansas”.
• Pro-slavery forces attacked anti-slavery settlers in
Lawrence and John Brown and his followers took
revenge on the pro-slavery settlement in Pottawatamie
Creek.
The Dred Scott Case (1857)
Dred Scott
• The Dred Scott v.
Sandford (1857)
Supreme Court case
proved to be a dividing
point for the North and
South
• Chief Justice Roger
Taney’s ruling that slaves
had no legal rights as
property
• He also ruled that
• not forbid
Congress could
Slavery in any part of the
Territories.
Roger Taney
John Brown’s Raid
on Harper’s Ferry (1859)
John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry
was an attempt to spark a slavery
uprising.
Robert E. Lee led a detachment of
Marines to capture John Brown
and his followers.
The trial of John Brown led to intense
opposite reaction in the North and
South.
Brown was hailed as a martyr by
many in the North, while he was
denounced in the South
Fear of more attempts at slave
uprisings led to forming militias
that eventually became the
Confederate Army.
Union Leaders (SSUSH9c)
Ulysses S. Grant
His success in the
western campaign and
victories at Shiloh and
Vicksburg led to his
promotion to commander
of all Union armies by
Lincoln in March of 1864.
• After his promotion, while
he took on Robert E. Lee
in Virginia—defeating him
at Appomattox.
William Tecumseh Sherman
• He played an important role in
Grant's victory of Vicksburg.
• When Grant was given overall
command, Sherman was given
command of all of the Western
Forces, amounting to over
100,000 men.
• He went on to capture Atlanta.
• He marched with his forces 80
KM wide, and used "scorchearth tactics" during his
famous march to the sea on
November 16 to the December
22, 1864. His forces raped and
pillaged the country side until
the capture of Savannah
Confederate Leaders
Robert E. Lee
• Perhaps the most brilliant
military tactician in the
war and his leadership of
the Confederate Army.
• His soldiers followed him
dutifully until he was
forced to surrender to
Grant at Appomattox –
with the Confederacy in
full retreat.
Stonewall Jackson
• Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
was a brilliant field commander
under Robert E. Lee for the
Confederacy. He had taught
military strategy at the Virginia
Military Institute prior to the Civil
War.
• While out on patrol inspecting
the front lines at Chancelorsville,
Jackson left from one point and
returned to his command at
another—approaching from the
front. He troops mistook his
patrol for the enemy and fired—
killing him.
Jefferson Davis
• Jefferson Davis was a
graduate of West Point and
served in the army before
becoming a planter. He
served as a Senator from
Mississippi before resigning
when Mississippi seceded
from the Union.
• He was elected President of
the Confederacy.
• Although he was initially
successful in mobilizing the
Confederacy for war—he was
unable to maintain the balance
of military necessity and
political will to keep the
Confederacy from collapsing
Important Battles of the Civil War
(SSUSH9d)
Vicksburg
One of the last major
Confederate holdouts for
control of the Mississippi
river was Vicksburg. The
siege of Vicksburg lasted
two months until on July
4th, 1863—virtually
starving to death and
holed up in caves from
the constant barrage of
artillery from General
Grant—the Confederates
surrendered.
Gettysburg
•
•
•
•
At the same time as the siege of
Vicksburg was coming to a close,
the 3 day battle of Gettysburg was
fought in Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania.
This proved to be the most
decisive battle of the Civil War and
also the costliest.
Casualties totaled 23,000 for the
Union and 28,000 for the
Confederacy.
The most famous maneuver of
the battle was a suicide charge
ordered by Lee and under the
command of General Pickett.
“Pickett’s Charge” resulted in
Confederate soldiers being
slaughtered in an open field
charge into heavy gun and artillery
fire.
Battle of Atlanta
• The Battle of Atlanta
was a long campaign
for the control of
Georgia by Union
General William
Tecumseh Sherman.
It began with a
surging victory out of
Tennessee at
Lookout Mountain in
November of 1863.
Union forces pushed
the Confederate
Army back to Atlanta
in September of 1864
and then began a
“March to the Sea” to
Savannah
Emancipation Proclamation—1863
(SSUSH9e)
• During the course of the war, Lincoln
issued the Emancipation Proclamation
—freeing slaves in the states that had
already seceded from the Union (it did not
apply to slaves in border states). This
caused many slaves to join Union Armies
in Confederate states under attack and
diverted more resources from the
Confederate War effort to recapture
fleeing slaves.
North v. South (SSUSH9f)