Macromolecules
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DO NOW…
• 1) What does CHNOPS stand for?
• 2) Is Hydrogen (H) a molecule or an
element?
• 3) Is Water (H2O) a molecule or an
element?
• 4) What elements make up carbon
dioxide (CO2)?
• 5) What elements make up GLUCOSE?
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MACROMOLECULES
• Answer the first THREE questions on
your notes!
• SHARE OUT!
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• ATOMS COMBINE TO MAKE
ELEMENTS!
• ELEMENTS COMBINE TO MAKE
MOLECULES!
• WHICH ELEMENTS MAKE UP THE
MOLECULE SHOWN?
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CONNECTIONS…
What connections do we have to the term
“organic compounds”?
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Organic Compounds
• Compounds that contain CARBON
are called organic.
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Carbon (C)
• Carbon can form bonds with as
many as 4 other atoms
(elements).
• Usually with C, H, O or N.
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: WHAT
ARE THESE ELEMENTS?
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Macromolecules
• Macromolecules are large organic
molecules made up of smaller
molecules!
• Examples:
THE FOUR MOLECULES OF
LIFE?
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Macromolecules
• Examples:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates
Small sugar molecules COMBINE
to make large sugar molecules.
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Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide: one sugar unit
Example: glucose (C6H12O6)
glucose
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Carbohydrates
Disaccharide: two sugar unit
Examples:
– Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucose
glucose
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BUILD THIS
MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,”
sitting still
Instructions: Using the information from
your notes and the pieces of paper in
front of you, build a Disaccharide!
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Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide: many sugar units
Example:
cellulose (lettuce, corn)
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
cellulose
glucose
glucose
glucose
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glucose
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BUILD THIS
MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,”
sitting still
Instructions: Using the information from
your notes and the pieces of paper in
front of you, build a Polysaccharide!
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Lipids
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Lipids
Lipids are FATS! They contain the
MOST energy of any macromolecule.
• Example:
Triglyceride
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Lipids
Triglycerides:
composed of 1 glycerol and 3
fatty acids.
H
O
H-C----O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
O
H-C----O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
O
fatty acids
H-C----O C-CH -CH -CH -CH
2
2
2
H
glycerol
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BUILD THIS
MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,”
sitting still
Instructions: Using the information from
your notes and the pieces of paper in
front of you, build a Triglyceride!
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Proteins
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Proteins (Polypeptides)
Proteins are made up of Amino acids bonded
together by peptide bonds.
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Primary Structure
Amino acids bonded together
by peptide bonds (straight
chains)
Amino Acids (aa)
aa1
aa2
aa3
aa4
aa5
aa6
Peptide Bonds
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BUILD THIS
MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,”
sitting still
Instructions: Using the information from
your notes and the pieces of paper in
front of you, build a Protein!
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Protein Structure
Proteins are folded into 3-dimensional
shapes that are held together by
hydrogen bonds.
• Two examples:
Alpha Helix
Beta Pleated Sheet
Hydrogen Bonds
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Nucleic
Acids
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Nucleic acids
• Two types:
a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNAdouble helix)
b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single
strand)
• Nucleic acids are composed of long
chains of nucleotides.
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Nucleic acids
• Nucleotides include:
1. phosphate group
2. pentose sugar
3. nitrogen bases:
adenine (A)
thymine (T) DNA only
uracil (U) RNA only
cytosine (C)
guanine (G)
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BUILD THE FOLLOWING
STRUCTURE:
Instructions: Using the paper in front of
you, scissors and markers, BUILD AND
LABEL a nucleic acid! AN IMAGE WILL
BE SHOWN ON THE NEXT SLIDE!
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Nucleotide
Phosphate
Group
O
O=P-O
O
5
CH2
O
N
C1
C4
Nitrogenous base
(A, G, C, or T)
Sugar
(deoxyribose)
C3copyright cmassengale
C2
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5
DNA
double
helix
O
3
3
O
P
5
O
C
G
1
P
5
3
2
4
4
2
3
1
P
T
5
A
P
3
O
O
P
5
O
3
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P
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