two cultures
research
policy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
decentralized
autonomous
specialized
competence-based
markets of
ideas/reputation
• science based
• knowledge
infrastructure
centralized
hierarchical
generalist
jurisdiction-based
command and control
• status quo based
• legal infrastructure
old common problem
• compartmentalization
• disciplinary
• jurisdictional
– institutional solutions
•
•
•
•
interdisciplinary research programs
professional education
interagency working groups
European Commission
new common problem:
too much, too fast, too diverse
– policy
• compare business environment (pre-bust)
• tactical minimalism
– research: too little, too slow, too limited
• but vast opportunity
– diffuse programmatic/institutional/policy
focus
– domain “convergence”
– focus on creation of future value
Digital Paradox: Blurred Categories
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
expenses / assets
public / private
economic / social
work / home
local / global
product / service
common / proprietary
firm / market
“blurring”
• expansion
• polarization
• hybrid/intermediate forms
– stratification
• confused definitions
• ambiguity
• uncertainty
– forward looking environment
– loss of trajectory
Expanded Categories
•
•
•
•
•
•
software
transactions
enterprise
network
knowledge
market
Market Transformation
• heterogeneous economics – e.g.,
– telecom infrastructure
– information products
– knowledge services
• shifting units and categories
– competition FOR the market
– networks, alliances, consortia
• stratification
– globalization
– micro markets
Market transformation II
• indirectly monetized
– advertising, channeling, personal information
• unmonetized
– barter, “gift economies”, RF standards, open
source
• intangibles problem:
– difficulty of measuring future value indirectly
• indeterminacy of control, marketability, and liability
knowledge
management
technology
economic
value
policy
law
intangible assets
knowledge
management
tangible assets
and inputs
technology
future
economic
value
intangible assets
law
knowledge
policy
management
tangible assets
and inputs
technology
future
economic
value
some challenges in understanding
a knowledge-based economy
• different kinds of knowledge
– tacit, explicit, embedded…
– knowledge as liability
• transaction costs
– degree of commoditization
• value of attention/opportunity costs
• only certain parts are easy to measure
– skew to measurable (esp. outputs)
– skew to assets rather than liabilites
• problem of shared control