Program:
Applied Research in Environmental Sciences Nonprofit, Inc. (ARIES)
Sponsor:
DHS National Center of Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism
Events (CREATE)
Presenters: Anne Garland and Lloyd Mitchell
ARIES and DHS CREATE Research Associates
MISSION
ARIES is a non-profit research association promoting
collaborative research, public education, and public
outreach designed to enhance corporate and community
based decision making.
www.ariesnonprofit.com
VISION
ARIES provides opportunities for scientists and
researchers to engage in qualitative and quantitative
based integrated research that enhances and
encourages collaboration between diverse entities to
work together to develop safer communities, healthier
environments, and ecologically based management of
critical natural and historical resources.
CREATE:
The National Center for Risk and
Economic Analysis of Terrorism
Events
Stephen Hora, D.B.A.
Director
Isaac Maya, Ph.D., P.E.
Director of Research
Kelly Buccola
Associate Director for External Relations
How does CREATE serve DHS?
“…how can DHS enhance risk
management as the basis of
decision making?”
5
CREATE Partners - 2009
6
CREATE Mission
To improve our Nation’s security through research and
development of advanced models and tools to evaluate the
risks, costs and consequences of terrorism and natural and
manmade hazards to guide economically viable investments
in homeland security. (Strategic Plan 2012-2016)
CREATE Research Framework
Risk
Assessment
Risk
Management
Economic
Assessment
8
“Working Together for a Safer Tomorrow”
Research Framework
(Tribally Inclusive Geographic Area)
Risk Assessment
Indian Communities
Non-Indian Communities
Risk
Management
Indian Communities
Non-Indian Communities
Economic
Assessment
Indian Communities
Non-Indian Communities
WTST Model
Activities
Audiences/Participants
Outreach Education
Integrated Disciplines
Unitized Research (Team)
Research and Field
Projects
 Practitioner Tools and
Products
 National Conference
Presentations and
Publications
 TIGA related (Tribally
Inclusive Geographic




Areas)
 Minority related
(African American,
American Indians,
Hispanics, Latinos,
Chicanos)
CREATE and WTST Research
and Product Framework
Risk Assessment
Economic
Assessment
Threat
Assessment
Vulnerability
Assessment
Consequence
Assessment
Assessment of
Direct Econ.
Consequences
Intelligence
Prevention
Interdiction
Protection
Response
Recovery
Assessment of
Indirect Econ.
Consequences
Risk Management
Cost-Benefit &
Decision
Analysis
ARIES Role for WTST Program
Student Participant Coordination
“Next Generation of Homeland Security Professionals”
FY 2008-2009
 Guide students to develop
FY2010-2012
 Students career interests are
designed to assist with Mentors’
projects about their career
and CREATE Directed Projects
interests and DHS CREATE
related to DHS Research
Research Categories
Categories
 Mentoring student projects
 Students assist with
and assist with outreach
Models/Tools/Products
symposia
developed and implemented
with and for relevant users and
 TIGA fieldwork and research
practitioners , often in TIGA.
 National Conference Poster
 Student Driven Projects
Competitions
 National Conference
Poster Competitions
CREATE Mission and S&T Divisions
S&T Divisions
Explosives
Chem/Bio
CCI
Borders/
Maritme
Human
Factors
Infrastructure
Geophysical
Risk
Assessment
Economic
Assessment
Risk
Management
13
CREATE Mission and S&T Divisions
S&T Divisions
Risk
Assessment
Explosives
Chem/Bio
CCI
Borders/
Maritme
Dirty Bomb
IEDs
PORTSEC
PORTSEC
Economic
Assessment
Risk
Management
Antrax
Water Supply
ARMOR
Human
Factors
Swine Flu
PORTSEC
PORTSEC
Infrastructure
Geophysical
Electricity
Water
9-11
ARMOR:
Queues
WTST:
CRIOS
14
Achieving regional, local, and tribal
integration to reduce risks and the economic
impacts of disaster and terror events
CRIOS
Co-authors: Brittany Friend, Bernadette
Franklin, Kyle Horne, Dr. Anne Garland,
and Dr. Lloyd Mitchell
Collaboratively designed and implemented by a student
participant team of Applied Research in Environmental
Sciences Nonprofit, Inc. (ARIES), in the Department of
Homeland Security (DHS CREATE) program titled
Working Together for A Safer Tomorrow (WTST), this
project applies a three-step model for multijurisdictionally diverse regions (Tribally Inclusive
Geographic Area or TIGA) to integrate emergency
resources and management with the goal of operating
cooperatively as resilient communities in the event of
natural disasters or from terrorism.
Federal Indian Policy:
General Characteristics of TIGA (Alaska Varies)
 Federal or State Trust Lands




(Fee to Trust Lands)
Tribal Enrollment and Tax Free
Status
Tribal Government and often
Public Services separate from
local and regional communities.
Sovereign
Jurisdictional Differences for
Community Security Services
 Police
 Fire and Emergency
Management
(regional variations )
Step 1: Risk Matrix
Risk Matrix Example: Tri-County Region of
SW New York TIGA
Risk matrix is used to
determine a risk ranking of
regional disaster and terror
events.
Risk Occurrence Scale= 1 (monthly), 2 (quarterly),
3 (bi-annually), 4 (annually), 5 (2-5 years), 6 (5-10 years)
DISASTER
EVENTS
Flooding
Tribal
County
Region
State
6
Cities and
Towns
6
6
6
0
Blizzards
2
2
2
2
2
Debris Flows
1
1
1
0
0
Nuclear
Waste
Roadway
Vandalism
1
1
1
1
5
5
0
0
0
Business
Closures
(smoke
shops)
BioTerrorism
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Step 2: Integrated Operability Score (IOS)
Second, an area in the
study region is chosen and
a real time tri-level status
report is conducted by
community stakeholders.
An integrated operability
score, or IOS, is then
calculated to determine
integrative and cooperative
regional capabilities.
Multi-Jurisdictional Cooperation
Integrated Operability Score (IOS)
Tri-Level Status Report
LEVEL
High
DEFINITION

Modified from STATEWIDE COMMUNICATION INTEROPERABILITY
PLAN (SCIP) WEIGHTED EVALUATION CRITERIA September 2007,
http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1225902750156.shtm)
•
SCIP=Weighted Evaluation Criteria
(applied to Local/Regional IOS)
DESCRIPTION
What we are doing best

Medium
What we are trying to do
Low
What we cannot do well
Modified with Permission from Elaine Willman,
Public Administrator, Hobart, WI, Citizens Equal
Rights Alliance
Example:
(1) 20% Governance
4%
4.4 Identify the members of the governing body and any of its
committees. (List them according to the categories recommended for a
communications interoperability committee in the All-Inclusive
Approach.)
Criteria
Units to Scale
Organizational Structure
Staff Structure/Qualifications
Emotional Support
Heritage Recognition
Public/Private/Tribal/Combined
Hours/month
Frequency
Involvement Levels
3%
4.6. Describe multi-jurisdictional, multi-disciplinary agreements
needed for decision-making and for sharing resources.
Criteria
Units to Scale
Mutual Aid
Procedures and Practice
Emergency Management Resources
Sharing Levels
Step 3: Cumulative Regional Integrated
Operability Score
As the model is incorporated for local and tribal
communities, a cumulative regional integrated operability
score, or CRIOS, is produced. This score is derived from:
a) qualitative and quantitative statistical indicators related
to stakeholders’ perceived capabilities to function as
resilient communities in the event of a disaster,
b) regular assessments of risks and cooperative regional
resources to remain resilient and
c) a time table for jurisdictional improvements of
cooperative regional resources.
Regional Indicators for CRIOS
CRIOS Tool
Stakeholder Indicators
Cumulative IOS includes:
1) Crucial criteria about Risk, Fire,
and Emergency Management
cooperation among tribes,
towns, and counties within
regional jurisdictions.
2) A risk scale (0-5) is used to
quantify regional cooperation.
3) A time scale should be
considered with re-evaluation of
the risk analysis every five years
or sooner.
4) To identify the history of the
CRIOS in a study area,
jurisdiction(s) records can be
examined to determine the time
series benefits of lessening risks.
List of Relevant Cooperative
Interoperability Criteria
2) Ranks: Tribes, Towns,
County in a Regional
Network
3) Graduated Scale:
0) Nothing 1) Insufficient
2) Unsatisfactory 3) Sufficient
4) Satisfactory 5) Resilient
1)
Critical Indicators for CRIOS
Stakeholder Indicators
Criteria

Mutual Aid
Units to Scale
Jurisdictions (local, tribal, region, state)
Practice (formal/informal)

Mapping Technology
(iCAV and ACAMS)

Volunteer Training
(CERT, NIMS)

Collaborative Training
Jurisdiction Levels, Training Frequency,,
Time Scale

Training Scenarios
Frequency, Jurisdictions, Types (varied)

EM Resources
Sharing Level (local, tribal, region, state)

Emotional Support
Frequency

Heritage Recognition
Involvement (local, tribal, region, state)

Infrastructure Security
Procedures

Infrastructure Resources
Capability/Maintenance Levels
(water, sewer, transportation, utilities, internet, etc.)

Economic Funding
Sharing Level (local, tribal, region, state)

Organizational Structure
Public/Private/Tribal/Combined, Staff
Structure ,Qualifications, Hours/month

Medical Facilities
Capacity, Number, Locations (distanceelevation)

Containment Sites
Capacity and Number, Locations (Casinos,
College campuses) (distance-elevation)
Application Levels (local, tribal, regional,
field, interactive, friendly,
Frequency
CRIOS Tool
The next steps are:
 Request specific data for the
criteria from the user groups.
 The user groups and
stakeholders will scale the
criteria based on relevancy.
(Graduated Scale 0-5 )
 The risk analysis using the scale
is valid if completed with the
specific data provided by and
from the jurisdictions.
 The benefits of the CRIOS are to
inform the jurisdictions of the
cooperative risks in their
regional networks and criteria
that need improvement.
CRIOS Model
TRAINING:
Collaborative
STRUCTURE:
Mutual Aid
Infrastructure
Organization
Staff
MAPPING:
Local, Tribal,
Regional, Field,
Interactive,
Frequency
Scenarios
SUPPORT:
Emotional
Heritage
RESILIENCE:
Managed Risks in
Tribally Inclusive
Geographic
Areas
Friendly, Internet
Independent
Facilities:
Containment
Medical
RESOURCES
:
Equipment
Funding
g
s
t
Draft of CRIOS Tool
Relevant Scale 0-5=Nothing, Insufficient, Unsatisfactory, Sufficient, Satisfactory, Resilient
Application
Levels
Frequency
Jurisdictions Time Scale
Frequency
Jurisdictions Types
Scale 0-5
Scale 0-5
Jurisdictions Practices
Sharing
Levels
F
Scale 0-5
Scale 0-5
Scale 0-5
Scale 0-5
Scale 0-5
Scale 0-5
Scale 0-5
Scale 0-5
S
Cumulative Regional Integrated
Operability Score
CRIOS 2010
The aim is to reduce
risks and the economic
impact of disaster and
terror events, which is in
alignment with DHS
National Center of Risk
and Economic Analysis
of Terrorism Events
(CREATE) mission for
risk management.
Community Stakeholders:
• TIGA of SW New York
• Preparation, response and
recovery from 2009 Flood
• Research, Fieldwork and WTST
Workshop
Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score
CRIOS 2011-2012

The risk matrix, tri-level status report, IOS, CRIOS, and the key for the cooperative indicators are available at ARIES
website for stakeholders to download and apply.

Refinement of CRIOS model and tools with TIGA stakeholders. Currently, these are Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga,
Gowanda EM and VFD in NY, Eastern Band of Cherokee EM, NC, North Slope Borough Risk Management and Barrow
Arctic Science Consortium.

Plans for dedicated web pages for each CRIOS user to demonstrate variability about integration in TIGA. Allows
revision of the CRIOS tool that is specific for TIGA stakeholders . Web pages can provide examples about successful
EM integration in TIGA for comparative purposes and continued applications.
Public Outreach (Future Plans) :
 To assist TIGA communities with score derivations, several scenarios in a docudrama can demonstrate the range of
indicators about cooperative regional resources that produce resilient communities and reduce risks and economic
impacts of disasters.

The TIGA communities for the docudrama represent diversity of political and geographical considerations. They
include regions based on current fieldwork and Emergency and Risk Management partnerships. They are the North
Slope of Alaska and New York.

Additional CRIOS demonstrations are provided by audio documentaries from emergency personnel who participated
in the real time tri level status reporting. Their contributions enabled the efficient development of these tools for
replication among other diverse communities.

The docudrama and the audio documentaries are to be available for download and community comparisons from the
ARIES website.
Co-authors:
Former Fire Chief Norman Peters
Emergency Measures Officer Regina Jacobs
ARIES Student Participant Brittany Friend
ARIES Research Associate Anne Garland
Multi-Jurisdictional Cooperation
HAVD
 This important community





organization works jointly
to service the Canadian
and American portions of
Akwesasne.
The HAVFD is a mutual aid
responder for nearby nonnative communities and
Part of Akwesasne’s
emergency measures team.
A sub-Station is housed on
Cornwall Island.
http://www.akwesasne.ca/i
ndex.html
Fire Chief Norman Peters
Step 1: Risk Matrix
Column1
Column2
DISASTER
JURISDICTION
Column3
Column4
Column5
Column6
Column7
Column8
Column9
Column10
SCORE
COMMENTS
5
No major earthquakes - mostly tremors
4
Especially along St. Lawrence River
4
Severe winter storms are frequent.
4.2
Power outages in St. Regis, Quebec are very
frequent (at least once a month).
RISK OCCURRENCE
SCALE
1
2
3
4
5
6
Monthly
Quarterly
Bi-Annual
Annual
2-5 Years
5-10 Years
Earthquakes
Tribal
5
City / Town
5
County / Municipality
5
Regional
5
State / Provincial
Floods
Tribal
4
City / Town
4
County / Municipality
4
Regional
4
State / Provincial
4
Tribal
4
City / Town
4
County / Municipality
4
Regional
4
State / Provincial
4
Severe Storms
Power Outages
Tribal (Local)
Tornadoes
Civil Disorder
1
City / Town
5
County / Municipality
5
Regional
5
State / Provincial
5
Tribal
5
City / Town
5
County / Municipality
5
Regional
5
State / Provincial
5
4.2
Tribal
6
City / Town
6
County / Municipality
6
Regional
6
State / Provincial
6
Hazards - Biohazards
Tribal
6
County / Municipality
0
Regional
0
State / Provincial
0
Roadway Vandalism
City / Town
County / Municipality
Regional
State / Provincial
1.6
Residential Spills average 10 per year
Commercial spills - every 5-10 years
1
Roadway Vandalism is frequent in regards to
destruction and removal of road signs.
2
City / Town
Tribal
6
1
Step 2:Tri-Level Status Report
 1954-2011
 The Akwesasne volunteers (65)
are highly skilled and trained in
rescue and fire-fighting
techniques with a specialty for
water rescue operations.
 Training and Regular Drills come
from multiple jurisdictions, i.e.,
Franklin County, New York State
Academy of Fire Science, Niagara
Mohawk Power Corp., Canadian
Indian Affairs and Northern
Development, Canadian
Ambulance Corps, etc.
 Ambulance Services the whole
Akwesasne Community and utilizes
the “Central Dispatch” The Akwesasne
Ambulance Service employs 8
Emergency Medical Technicians with 1
term and 2 casual personnel and 1
program manager.
Fire Engineering Magazine
Article March 1979
Step 3: Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score
(Partial Application)
Column1
Column2
Column3
CRITERIA
SUB-CRITERIA
GRADUATE
D SCALE
0
1
2
3
4
5
Nothing
Insufficient
Unsatisfactory
Sufficient
Satisfactory
Resilient
Column4
Column5
Column6
Column7
Mutual Aid
Community / Volunteer
1
Federal
1
Field
4
Friendly
4
Independent
4
Interactive
4
Internet
4
Collaborative
1
Exercises
1
Frequency
3
Jurisdiction Levels
3
Requested
3
EM Resources
Community / Volunteer
Need to meet a certain threshold before the state or feds assist. This is insufficient
as First Nations are usually federal recognized and shouldn't have to wait for mutual
aid. Once a declaration has been made, mutual assistance should arrive. In theory,
we have no border in emergency situtions. However, it can become a political issue
with local councils.
4
Both the US & Canadian Tribal Governments own and operate their own IT Programs
(Computers services, programming, training, mapping, etc.
2.2
Requested training - when volunteers requests specific training, it should always be
delivered. If they can't depend on you, you can not depend on them It's mutual
respect If they want it or need it, give it to them.
1.8
Akwesasne residents donate and support our emergency responders. MOU's are an
asset. Funding is very limited on Canadian portion. Council Personnel Policies allow
for our volunteers to leave their place of work for emergency response.
1
Emotional support is available on so many levels. However, our Community is not big
on using professional services due to confidentiality issues. Confidentiality vs. Work
Ethics
1.8
State, provincial and federal agencies recognize it, but often do not respect it. CBSA
is a great example. Training is provided by MCA in this area.
3.6
We can build, maintain, operate and manage it, but we don't have the means to
ensure the health & safety of our employees. A large gap here. Some areas are very
territorial.
2.6
We don't have policy and procedures for every piece of infrastructure we own. Health
& safety remains and issue due to territorial issues.
2
County / Municipal
3
State / Provincial
1
Federal
1
Community / Volunteer
1
Local Government
1
County / Municipal
1
State / Provincial
1
Federal
1
Emotional Support
Community / Volunteer
3
Local Government
3
County / Municipal
1
State / Provincial
1
Federal
1
Construction / Maintenance
4
Policy & Procedures
4
2
Operations / Certification
4
Management
4
Infrastructure
(Not
Resources
Included Below)
2
2
Local Government
Health & Safety
COMMENTS
3
State / Provincial
Volunteer Training
Infrastructure
Security
Column10
SCORE
2
County / Municipal
Heritage
Recognition
Column9
3
Local Government
Mapping
Technology
Column8
Construction / Maintenance
3
Policy & Procedures
2
Health & Safety
2
Operations / Certification
3
Management
3
Akwesasne St. Regis
Mohawk
Fire and Emergency
Measures
Mission and Vision
by Regina Jacobs, Director
“If, we, as a small community,
do not find and pull together
resources from our
surrounding areas to cover
our backs, no one else will.”
“Our community has high
standards for its Fire
Department and EMS and
expects the delivery of service
based on those standards.”
Eastern Band of Cherokee, North Carolina
Joint Center for Disaster Research, Massey University, NZ
Eastern Band of
Cherokee
Emergency
Management
Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan
1. Liquor Sales on Reservation
Tribal Referendum 4.15.2012
2. Gaming Compact with
Exclusivity Zone in Western NC.
-Governor Agreement 11.2012
-Legislature TBD-Spring Session
CRIOS Applications
Joint Center for
Disaster Research at
Massey University
Wellington, NZ
Maori Preparedness
Study and Program
Ministry of Social
Development and
Ministry Civil Defense
and Emergency
Management
Round table Discussions
 To assist risk management for your regional community, the CRIOS project team would
appreciate your input, suggestions, and sharing of information. The CRIOS model and
tool is for self awareness and decision-making about integration to improve risk and
emergency management among TIGA communities (i.e., local, tribal, and regional
integration).
 Your voluntary participation in this discussion, and answers, will assist to improve this
model and tool for risk and emergency managers in TIGA communities across the
nation.
 Please discuss the following topics as it applies to your tribally inclusive geographic area
(TIGA). For each query, please provide a short answer or bulleted list as it applies to your
community.
 If you are willing, please include the acronym of your State and County after each short
answer or bullets.
 If necessary, label the answer and continue on the back of this page
Regional Risks of Emergency Management among
diverse communities
 How does cooperative management make TIGA communities safer for risks and
emergencies?
 Give Examples in your community of cooperative management among tribal,
local, and regional jurisdictions.
 How would your communities benefit from improved cooperative management
for risks and emergencies?
 Give suggestions that would make your community safer with more tribal,
local and regional cooperation.
 What are examples of cooperative resources that are needed to make your
communities safer for risks and emergencies?
 Give examples of cooperative resources among tribal, local and regional
jurisdictions in your communities.
 Please provide examples or suggestions about improvements for your
community.
Cooperative Issues and Efforts
For the following risks and emergencies, please put an X besides those that
occur regularly or have occurred in your TIGA communities for which there was
cooperative management among tribal and local jurisdictions. If you are
willing, please provide a list of State and County acronyms after each X.
If necessary, label the answer and continue on the back of this page
Flooding:
Blizzards:
Mudslides:
Storm Damages (wind, ice, or rain):
Earthquakes:
Other Natural Disasters such as:
Hazardous Materials:
Train Wreck:
Plane Crash:
Terrorist Events:
Taxation Protests:
Other Manmade Disasters such as:
Cooperative Issues and Efforts
For the following risks and emergencies, please put an X besides those that
occur regularly or have occurred in your TIGA communities for which there
were cooperative or shared resources among tribal and local jurisdictions. If
you are willing, please provide a list of State and County acronyms after each X.
If necessary, label the answer and continue on the back of this page
Flooding:
Blizzards:
Mudslides:
Storm Damages (wind, ice, or rain):
Earthquakes:
Other Natural Disasters such as:
Hazardous Materials:
Train Wreck:
Plane Crash:
Terrorist Events:
Taxation Protests:
Other Manmade Disasters such as: