O. ŞAHİN
İÖP-1
1090610178
İngilizce’de isimler countable (sayılabilen), uncountable(sayılamayan) olmak
üzere ikiye ayrılırlar.
Sayılabilir isimleri rakamlarla ifade edebiliriz:
A cat, a pen, two houses, etc.
Sayılamayan isimlerse;katı, sıvı, gaz, toz vb maddelerdir:
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rice, sugar,butter
furniture, luggage
milk, water, soda
electricity, gas, power
Soyut kavramları karşılayan isimler de sayılamazlar:
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music, art, love, happiness
luck, chance, honesty
wealth, health, news
education, anger confidence
Countable (Sayılabilen) İsimler
Countable nouns are things that we can count:
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dog, cat,animal,man, person
 bottle, box litre
 coin, note, dollar
 table, chair, suitcase
 cup, plate, fork
Countable nouns can be singular or plural:
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My dog is playing.
My dogs are hungry.
We can use indefinite article a/an with countables:
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A dog is an animal.
I have a brother.
An insect can be very little.
I’ve got a professional camera.
When a countable noun singular, we must use a word
like a/the/my/this:
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I want an orange. (not I want orange)
Where is my bottle? (not where is bottle?)
A dog is an animal. (not dog is animal)
When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:
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I like horses.
Bottles can break.
Computer games can affect children.
Families are most important in Turkish culture.
We can use some and any with countable nouns:
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I’ve got some dollars.
Have you got any pencils?
I don’t like any kind of animals.
Some birds don’t fly.
We can use a few and many with countable nouns:
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I’ve got a few dollars.
I haven’t got many pencils.
I have to do many homeworks.
A few students are absent in class today.
Uncountable (sayılamayan) isimler
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot
divide into seperate elements.
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We cannot count them:
For example, we cannot count “milk”
• We can count “ bottles of milk” or “litres of milk”.
• But we cannot count “milk” itself.
Here are the some more uncountable nouns:
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furniture, fruit, jewellery ,weaponry
 meat, cheese butter, bread, ice
 milk, beer, wine, soup, blood
 pollution, air, steam, oxygen
 salt, sugar, pepper, rice, wheat, corn,etc.
We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular.
We use a singular verb. For example:
• This news is vey important.
• Your luggage looks heavy.
• This money is yours.
• The scenery along the Bosphorus is magnificient.
We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with
uncountable nouns.
We cannot say “an information” or “a music”.
But we can say a something of:
• a piece of news
• a bottle of water
• a grain of rice
We can use some and any with uncountable nouns.
I’ve got some money.
 I haven’t got any rice.
 I don’t use any sugar with my tea.
 I haven’t got any idea about this problem.
 We need some flour for making cake.
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We can use a little and much with uncountables.
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I have got a little money.
I haven’t got much rice.
Can you give me a little sugar, please!
I haven’t got much furniture.
Uncountable nouns seperate into some categories.
Nouns denoting whole groups made up of similar items:
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baggage/luggage, clothing, food, fruit
• furniture, jewellery, junk, equipment
• machinery, postage, scenery, traffic,
• money,ammunition, weaponry, etc.
Substances
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Solids: bread, ice, glass, iron, silver, etc.
Fluids: water, milk, soup, blood, oil, etc.
Gases: pollution, air, oxygen, etc.
Particles: flour, dirt, dust, sand, wheat, etc.
Abstract nouns
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advice, anger, assitance, behaviour, conduct, courage,
 education, employment, evidence, fun, happiness, health,
 help, honesty, hospitality, importance, intelligence,
 information, knowledge, justice, laughter, luck, music,
 patience, peace, poetry, pride, progress, truth, etc.
The other uncountable nouns
Gerunds (İsim fiiller):
Swimming (yüzme)
Diving (dalma)
Running (koşma)
Cooking (yemek pişirme)
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Recreation(Etkinlik):
Chess (satranç)
Tennis (tenis)
Football (futbol)
Basketball (basketbol)
Languages (Diller):
Turkish (Türkçe)
English (İngilizce)
German (Almanca)
Portuguese (Portekizce)
Fields
of study (Çalışma alanları):
History (tarih)
Literature (edebiyat)
Psychology (psikoloji)
Chemistry (kimya)
Natural phenomena (Doğa olayları):
Fog(sis)
Hail (dolu)
Lightning (yıldırım)
Rain (yağmur)
Snow (kar)
Nouns that can be countable and uncountable
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There are two hairs in my coffee. (countable)
I don’t have much hair. (uncountable)
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There are two lights in my bedroom. (countable)
Close the curtain. There’s too much ligth. (uncountable)
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Have you got a paper to read? (countable)
I want to draw a picture. Have you got some paper?
(uncountable)
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Our house has seven rooms. (countable)
Is there room for me to sit here? (uncountable)
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We had a great time at the party. (countable)
Have you got time for a coffee? (uncountable)
Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s greatest works. (countable)
I have no money. I need work!
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Experience:
It’s difficult to get a job without experience.(=deneyim,
uncountable)
We had some wonderful experiences on our trip. (olay, countable)
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Noise:
Noise is a kind of pollution too. (=gürültü, uncountable)
We heard a loud noise down the river. (=ses, countable)
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Glass:
There may be some glass on the floor, because the window got
broken. (=cam, uncountable)
We need some more glasses for the party. (=bardak countable)