 http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/Vi ewObject.aspx?ID=NUR3103
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Hormone game show

The Second Control System of the Body

I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
A. The Endocrine system helps to coordinate and control the activities of our body ’ s cells. This system is usually working closely with the Nervous System.
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1. The Endocrine system is not
“ built for speed ” like the nervous system is but is still able to cause major physiological changes and maintain homeostasis within the body.

I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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B. The Chemistry of
Hormones
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2. Hormones are the chemical force of the endocrine system. They are the messengers released by glands that cause changes within the body. Ex. Growth, reproduction, homeostasis and metabolism.

I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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3. All hormones can be classified as amino acid based or steroid.
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A. Amino acid based hormone are proteins, peptides and amines.
(most hormones are amino acid based)
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B. Steroid hormones are made from cholesterol (ex.
Testosterone, progesterone, aldosterone)
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C. Protaglandins are made from lipids

I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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C. Mechanisms of
Hormone Action
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4. Hormones affect only certain tissues or organs
(target cells or organs)
5. Steroid hormones diffuse into the target cell and activate protein synthesis. This explains how birth control and patches work, but an insulin patch would not be effective because it is an amino acid hormone.

I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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6. Amino acid hormones bind to a receptor on the target cell and sets off a series of reactions inside the cell.
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7. Hormones cause one of the four changes: changes in the plasma membrane electrical state, synthesis of proteins, activation or deactivation of enzymes, or stimulation of mitosis.

I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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D. Control of Hormone Release
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1. Hormone levels in the blood are maintained by negative feedback mechanisms. For example: You eat a candy bar at lunch -> your blood sugar levels rise -> cells of the pancreas are activated and release insulin into the blood -> body cells are triggered by insulin to take up glucose -> blood glucose levels decline -> pancreas stops releasing insulin

I. The Endocrine System and
Hormone Function
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2. There are three ways that endocrine glands can be activated:
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A. Hormonal- activation from other hormones
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B. Humoral- activation by changing blood levels of certain ions (like calcium)
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C. Neural- activation by nerve impulses

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Complete the hormone chart by using your textbook and iPad if needed.
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The function of the hormone is filled out for you, you need to Identify the hormone name, and for s ome there is a blank for a HYPO or HYPER secr etion of that hormone- identify the disease
Disorders and Related Terminology
1. acromegaly
2. Addison’s disease
3. Cushing’s syndrome
4. diabetes mellitus
5. dwarfism
6. exophthalmos
7. gigantism
8. goiter
9. glycosuria
10. hyperglycemia
11. hyperthyroidism
12. hypoglycemia
13. hypothyroidism
14. polydipsia
15. polyphagia
16. tetany

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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A. Pituitary Gland- hangs by a stalk from the hypothalamus and has two functional lobes- the anterior
(glandular tissue) and posterior
(nervous tissue)
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1. Hormones of the anterior pituitary include:
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A. Growth Hormone- stimulates growth and metabolism (acromegaly of feet in picture)
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B. Prolactin- stimulates milk production

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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C. Follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH)- stimulates production of egg and sperm
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D. Leutinizing Hormone (LH)stimulates ovaries to release egg and testes to produce testosterone
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E. Thyroid Stimulating (TSH)stimulates thyroid gland
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F. Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)stimulates adrenal glands

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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2. Hormones of the posterior pituitary:
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A. Oxytocinstimulates contractions of the uterus during labor
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B. Antidiureticdecreases urine to increase water absorption

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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B. Thyroid Glandfound at the base of the throat
3. Hormones include:
A. Thyroid hormonethe major metabolic hormone (thyroxine or T4, and T3)
B. Calcitoninreduces blood calcium levels by causing its deposition to bone

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
C. Parathyroid glands- tiny masses on the posterior thyroid
4. Hormones include:
A. Parathyroid hormone- raises blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts to remove calcium from bone

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
D. Adrenal Glands- sit on top of the
Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease usuall kidneys
5. Hormones include:
A. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine-
Muscle weakness and fatigue
Flight ”
Darkening of your skin (hyperpigmentation) blood vessels
“ Fight-orhormones- increase blood glucose, increase rate of metabolism, constrict certain
Kennedy had Addison ’ s Disease- Hyposecretion of adrenal hormones
Nausea, diarrhea or vomiting
Cushing’s disease- hypersecretion of cortisol
Irritability
(adrenal hormone)

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Glucocorticoids
(steroid hormones)
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Cortisol- long term stress hormones
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Cushing’s disease, hypersecretion of cortisol
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Mineralocorticoids-
(Steroid hor mones)
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Aldosterone- targets kidneys to regulate salt content of blood which regulates wate r balance in the body

th
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Anterior Lobe:
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Posterior Lobe:

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
E. Pancreas- the Islets of Langerhans Cells produce the hormones
(alpha cells produce glucagon, beta cells produce insulin
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6. Hormones include:
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A. Insulin- to reduce blood sugar
(produced by beta cells)
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B. Glucagon- to raise blood sugar

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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F. Pineal Glandfound on third ventricle of brain
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7. Hormones include:
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Melatonin- helps establish the body ’ s wake and sleep cycles

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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G. Thymuslocated posterior to sternum, is largest in infants and children and decreases in size as we age.
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8. Hormones include:
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Thymosinmatures white blood cells (T cells)

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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H. Testes
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9. Hormones include:
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A. Androgens- support sperm formation and male secondary sex characteristics,
(growth of muscle and bone mass, deepening of the voice, facial hair, etc.)
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Examples include
Testosterone, which stimulates sperm formation

II. Major Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
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I. Ovaries
10. Hormones include:
A. Estrogenstimulate uterine lining growth, development of female secondary sex characteristics
B. Progesteronepromotes growth of uterine lining

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An estimated 23.6 million people in the United States—7.8 percent of the population—have diabetes, a serious l ifelong condition. Of those, 17.9 million have been diagnosed, and 5.7 million have not yet been diagnosed.
In 2007, about 1.6 million people ages 20 or older were diagnosed with diabetes.
2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimates of tota l prevalence—both diagnosed and undiagnosed—were projected to year
2007
Type I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune disorder
Type II –Adult onset-About 90 to 95 percent of people wit h diabetes have type 2. This form of diabetes is most often associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, previous history of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, and certain ethnicities. About 80percent of peop le with type 2 diabetes are overweight.

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DIABETES MELLITUS
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A chronic disease marked by high levels of blood sugar
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Can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin or both
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Type I- Juvenile onset
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Type II- Adult-onset, can be prevented with lifestyle choices

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Stan is a type 2 Diabetic

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Type I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune disorder
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Type II –Adult onset-About 90 to 95 perce nt of people with diabetes have type 2. Th is form of diabetes is most often associa ted with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes,previous history of gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, and certain ethnicities. About 80 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight.

 http://video.answ
ers.com/how-dia betes-affects-the
-body-32672086
6
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Explains how the body does not res ponsd to insulin
 http://www.screenc
ast.com/users/Cind yKendrick/folders/D efault/media/1cb416 ca-ebb9-4ea0-a99
3-a0f91365e98b
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Osmosis screencast

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In groups, match the GLAND picture wi th the HORMONES
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THEN, match the FUNCTION card with the HORMONE card
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Let me CHECK your answers when completed