Cortes and Pizarro
Arrival of Spanish
• Cortes came in 1519
• Claimed land for Spain king and queen
• He took 11 ships, 100 sailors, 500 soldiers,
cannon, guns and horses
• He met Aztec Ruler- Montezuma. Montezuma
believed that Cortes was the pale, bearded
god, Quetzalcoatl.
Clash of cultures
“first encounter”
“Spanish takeover”
• The native/conquered peoples had to pay tribute
(sacrifices) & taxes to Montezuma. They wanted their
freedom.
• Cortes wanted riches and gold!
• Aztecs HELPED Cortes defeat Montezuma
• (“Z” Aztecs & Montezuma)
Advanced weapons & diseases helped Spain
conquer the Aztec
Pizarro
Europeans Arrive in S. America
•
Francisco Pizarro lands on coast of Peru with a crew of 167. He
soon met the Incas and their ruler, Atahualpa.
•
Atahualpa was not worried about this small crew of Spaniards even
though they had strange weapons, horses and soldiers.
•
Pizarro’s men climbed the Andes Mtns., they agreed to meet
Atahualpa. At the meeting, they arrested Atahualpa and kept him
prisoner for 8 mos. Atahualpa agree to give them gold and silver
in exchange for his freedom. Pizarro went back on his word. Once
he received the gold & silver, he had Atahualpa executed. The
Incan Empire was taken down by 167 men.
Europeans Establish Control
- Incan empire now destroyed. All the gold and
silver melted down.
- Spanish took over Incan territory (most of S.
America)
- Soon after Portugal sent explorers who took
over Brazil
Quick Review
What advantages did the Spanish have over the
Aztecs and the Incas?
The Spanish soldiers had steel swords, armor, guns, and
cannons, as well as horses. Most importantly they also
had Native American allies.
What proved to be the most deadly for the Aztecs
and the Incas? Why?
Small pox and other diseases from Europe killed millions
of Native Americans. Native Americans had no immunity
to because it had never before existed in the Americas.
Most of the Native American population died because of
diseases brought by the Europeans.
Founding of New Spain
• Spain set up new villages & a different (European) way of
life
• The European settlers brought animals not native to
Latin America- horse, cattle, pigs
• New trades- iron smithing, ship building
• Christianity – Europeans were now converting native
population to Christianity.
• Spanish were Catholics
• God, Glory and Gold!
Influence of the church
•
Missionaries set up new churches,
hospitals, schools
•
The Native Americans who survived the
European diseases had to give up their
religion, languages & way of life
Mexico’s War for independence
• Miguel Hidalgo- a creole (Spaniard born in the New
World) priest helped free Mexico. He was supported by
native Indians and Mestizos (Indian & Spanish blood).
• Mestizos helped fight for independence
• Struggled with lack of weapons- Hidalgo was executed
• Mexico nobles continued fight- finally freed Mexico in
1821
Colonial S. America
- Spanish and Portuguese settled in S. America
- Most of the Native Americans died from disease brought
by Europeans. The settlers needed workers and turned
to Africa.
- Europeans made Africans into slaves to farm their
plantations (sugar cane)
- Europeans got wealthy from resources in their
colonies
Independence
• Money made from S. American colonies and
goods were sent back to Spain and Portugal
• Mestizos and mulattos (white & black
heritage) wanted change- treated like slaves
• S. Am. decides to fight for independence.
Gaining Independence
•
Like Mexico’s independence from Spain, S. Am. Was
fighting for their independence too.
•
Simon Bolivar (a wealthy creole in Venezuela) led
South America’s war for independence.
•
By 1825 almost all S. America is freed from European
control
•
Bolivar is known as “el Libertador”
•
What country is named for him?
Haiti’s Independence Movement
• Toussaint L'Ouverture was the son of an educated
slave in Haiti. L’Ouverture wanted to put an end to
slavery and gain Haiti’s independence from France.
• L’Ouverture and his fighters used guerrilla warfare –
ambushes/raids, hit and run tactics
• The success of the Haitian Revolution shook the
institution of slavery throughout the New World.
• Haiti gained its independence in 1803.