Motivation
Jot down some responses
to these questions
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What is Scientific
management?
What was significant about the
lighting in the electric plant?
What are five needs that we all
aspire to?
What did Victor Vroom say?
How does Social Equity work?
What are the benefits of
motivated students?
Why do we study?
Why do we come here?
What do we need to do
to work/study harder?
F.W Taylor: Scientific
management 1909
Elton Mayo 1939
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY
OF NEEDS 1954
Frederick Hertzberg
Two Factor Theory 1959
JS Adams: Social Equity
Theory 1963
Victor Vroom 1964
What are the benefits of
motivated students?
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Students make a fuller
contribution
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Productivity increases
Quality of work increases
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Less mistakes
Less time wasted
Higher achievement
More adaptable to change
Loyalty is higher
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Ideas
Go beyond 100%
Retention is increased
Reputation of the college/course
increases
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Attract higher calibre students
Students ‘in safe hands’
Why do we study?
 To give us something to do
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Fear of boredom
To escape troubles
 Social reasons
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To increase skills & education
and knowledge
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The need for social contacts/social
interaction – fear of isolation
Maximising our potential
To contribute to society
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Helping people who can’t help
themselves
These reasons might just
get us (you) through the
door
What do we need to
work/study harder?
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Important to distinguish between
going to college and working hard
once we get there
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Who we work with
Why/What we do
When we do it
How we do it
The rewards for doing something
Pace of work
Decisions
Recognition for working well
Generation of a sense of pride
Factors that increase the intrinsic
nature of the course
F.W Taylor: Scientific
management 1909
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Scientific (methodical)
approach to work
Manager in control of work
method
Motivation through bonus
payments (& fear)
Workers are essentially lazy at
heart
Elton Mayo 1939
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Experiments at the
HAWTHORNE plant of Western
Electric Company
Original experiment on physical
conditions failed
But..
Human relationships are
important
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Recognition
Responsibility
Simple Model of
Motivation: Maslow
1954
 The purpose of
behaviour is to satisfy
needs.
 A need is anything that
is required, desired, or
useful.
 A want is a conscious
recognition of a need.
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY
OF NEEDS
Self-actualisation
esteem
social
security
Physiological
Which needs in
Maslow’s hierarchy do
the following satisfy
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Receiving praise from your
teacher
Using group work
An student revising thoroughly
for an important exam
(missing social events to do
so)
Provision of breakfast for
students arriving to early
morning classes
A receipt of course certificate
Frederick Hertzberg
Two Factor Theory 1959
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Research on American
accountants and engineers
Hygiene Factors
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Those things that prevent dissatisfaction
Working conditions etc.
Motivators
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True motivation comes from
within the individual or job
JS Adams: Equity
Theory 1963
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Workplace and behavioural
psychologist
Students compare conditions
(intrinsic and extrinsic)
Motivation is affected by the
outcome of the comparison
Equity or fairness is paramount
Victor Vroom 1964
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Expectancy Theory
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‘What’s in it for me?’
Force (Motivation) = Valence
x Expectancy
Valence = Value of the
action (what do I gain?)
Expectancy = Ability to
achieve the correct outcome
(can I do it?)
Vroom – Teachers
should…
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Identify goals/values for the
students
Provide rewards linked to study
achievement
Recognise achievements
Harmonise individual goals
with course goals
Ensure teaching meets needs
Ensure appropriate work
planning takes place
Motivation: Conclusion
Motivation arises from a number of
different sources
Satisfaction: People work when
they are satisfied with the working
conditions
Incentive: People increase their
performance in line with incentives
Intrinsic: People respond to
internal drives derived from their
personality or from the job/work
itself