Industrialization spreads to the U.S.
• U.S. had same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize:
Water Coal
Iron Ore Immigrant Workers

• first to industrialize
• 1790 first factory in the U.S. is opened in
Rhode Island (made thread)

•
• Francis Lowell mechanized every step of cloth manufacturing
● Opened factory in
Massachusetts

•
•
• used young immigrant girls as labor worked 12 hours a day 6 days a week

• Inventions sped up the process • Industrial Revolution takes off after the
Civil War 1865
• Railroads: companies could ship and sell their goods in other parts of the country

Industrialization Reaches the Rest of
Europe
• Industrial Revolution was slow to hit rest of Europe
• Napoleon’s wars halted trade, interrupted communications between countries, caused inflation (currency becomes less valuable)

• first European nation to adopt Britain’s new technology
• 1799 William Cockerill (British carpenter) smuggled plans to build spinning jenny into Belgium (turns cotton/wool into thread)

• William’s ● built son an industrial enterprise in Belgium made machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotives
British workers poured into to Belgium

Germany Industrializes
• Germany was politically divided until late 1800’s
Industrialization was slowed:
• political disunity
• economic isolation
● scattered resources

Pockets of industrialization (1830’s on) some German citizens sent their kids to
Great Britain to learn engineering
Germany began to copy the British model
Germany built railroads to link its growing cities
Germany’s economic strength allowed it to become a military and colonial superpower in the late 1800’s-early 1900’s

Expansion Throughout Europe
• Bohemia developed spinning industry’
• Spain processed cotton
• Northern Italy mechanized textile production (making clothes)

• industrial growth occurred after 1850
• railroads created a national market for goods in France
• French government built railroads

• industrialization did not occur at this time (mid 1800’s)
• mountainous terrain disallowed railroads to be built
(Austria-Hungary)
• lack of waterways for transportation (Spain)

Worldwide Impact of
Industrialization

Worldwide Impact of Industrialization
• Industrial Revolution shifted balance of power away from
Africa, Asia, Latin America and towards Europe

Rise of global inequality
• Industrialization widened the gap between Europe and Africa/Asia/Latin America

• Europe colonized and stole natural resources/raw materials from its colonies in Africa/Asia/Latin
America

Finished Products
• Europe forced their colonies to buy the finished products made with their raw materials!

Britain led the way in colonization
• America, Russia, Germany, France, Belgium,
The Netherlands, Japan soon followed in taking colonies

Industrialism Leads to Imperialism
• Imperialism= one country ruling over many other smaller countries

Imperialism in Africa

• By 1914 (start of World War I) Ethiopia is the only independent nation left in Africa!

• African/Asian economies were still based in agriculture and small workshops
This was why Africa/Asia industrialized slower than
Europe