PAKISTAN’S TRANS-BOUNDARY
RIVERS
WITH AFGHANISTAN
by
Syed Jamait Ali Shah
at
LEADS, Islamabad
on
(18-12-2014)
TOTAL CULTIVATED LAND IN AFGHANISTAN
Irrigated
67%
Rainfed
33%
Total Area: 3,900,000 ha
Area of Afghanistan
:
64,750,000 ha
COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN
IN NWFP
CHITRAL R.
KABUL R.
KONAR
AFGHANISTAN
R.
KABUL
KAITU R.
MIRKHANI
DAM
KURRAM R.
SWAT R.
DURAND LINE
JALALABAD
GARDEZ
TOCHI R.
R
A
.
R
GOMAL
BA
GOMAL R.
KURRAM
TANGI DAM
WARSAK
DAM
PESHAWAR
GOMAL ZAM
DAM
ATTOCK
KOHAT
BANNU
TARBELA
DAM
ISA KHEL
PAKISTAN
KULACHI
LEGEND
INDUS R.
DURAND LINE
RIVER
DERA ISMAIL KHAN
CITY
COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN
IN BALOCHISTAN
TURWA RIVER
RE-ENTRY INTO
PAKISTAN
ABDUL WAHAB RIVER
KAND RIVER
ENTRY POINT INTO
AFGHANISTAN
TIRKHA
RIVER
ENTRY POINT INTO
AFGHANISTAN
KUNDAR RIVER
KURDANA
JUJROI KILLI
RIVER
KADANAI RIVER
TASH ROBAT
RIVER
DURAND LINE
PISHIN LORA
RIVER
PISHIN
EXIT POINT INTO
AFGHANISTAN
QUETTA
GORI RIVER
ENTRY POINT
INTO PAKISTAN
RE-ENTRY INTO
PAKISTAN
KHAISAR
RIVER
NUSHKI
HAMUN-I-LORA/CHAGI
LEGEND
DURAND LINE
PROVINCIAL BOUNDARY
ROAD (MAIN)
RIVER
COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN
MAIN RIVERS
MAJOR TRIBUTARIES
AVERAGE ANNUAL
INFLOWS (MAF)
NWFP
Kabul
Chitral/Konar
16.44
Kurram
Kaitu & Tochi
0.89
Gomal
Zhob & Kandar
0.79
BALOCHISTAN
Abdul Wahab Stream
Turwa
0.0039
Kandar
Nagandi Oba, Ashiwat
0.0212
Kand
Turwa
0.00293
Kadanai
Tashrabad, Aghbergai, Hasna
Zemal, Maran, Warjaroba
0.0058
Pishin Lora/ Bore Nallah
Kaisar
0.095
Gori
0.0175
Total:
18.266
ANNUAL AVERAGE CONTRIBUTION
Province
Inflows
(MAF)
Contribution
from
Afghanistan
Contribution
from Pakistan
Area
Remarks
Kabul
NWFP
16.44
8.19 (Kabul &
Kunar)
8.25 (Chitral)
River Chitral enters into Afghanistan
at Arandu
Kurram,
Kaitu & Tochi
NWFP
.89
-
-
-
Gomal
NWFP
.79
-
-
-
River
Balochistan
0.0233
0.0022
0.0211
Abdul
Wahab
originates
in
Afghanistan (>95% rainfed), Kandar
originates in Pakistan (>93% rainfed)
Balochistan
0.00293
-
0.00293
Originates in Pakistan and enters
into Afghanistan (>95% rainfed)
Kadnai
Balochistan
0.0212
-
-
Originates in Pakistan and enters
into Afghanistan (>90% rainfed)
Pishin Lora
Balochistan
0.095
0.064
0.159
Enters into Afghanistan and comes
back (>90% rainfed)
Kaisar
Balochistan
0.0039
0.0001
0.0038
Originates in Afghanistan and enters
into Pakistan (>95% rainfed)
18.266
-
-
Kandar &
Abdul Wahab
Kand
TOTAL:
INFORMATION OBTAINED
THROUGH VARIOUS SOURCES
REGARDING DEVELOPMENT ON
KABUL RIVER BASIN
PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
OTHER PROJECTS.
CHINA
NAME
RIVER
POSSIBLE POWER
DEVELOPMENT
SAROBI
Nangarhar
Kabul
PARWAN
Qargha
Kabul
Kabul
Pul-iKhumri
Kabul
AY
D
L AN
CHITRAL
KABUL
POSSIBLE
STORAGE SITES
KAMA
G
AR
R.
TARIN KOT
GATT
RESERVOIR
ISLAMABAD
PESHAWAR
NAGHLU
ZADRANO
R.
Kabul
GILGIT
RAM
Gulbahar
AAB-E-MARWAREED C
LANDI KOTAL
LO
Kabul
C
JALALABAD
Wardak
Haijan
R.
MAHIPAR
MAIDAN
SHAHR
K
R/
LASHT
KUR
Shahtoot
Kunar
A
UN
AL
TR
I
H
KAITU R.
ZURMAT
MANGALLO
MACHALGHO
BORE NALA
ZHOB
CHAMAN
HI
PIS
QUETTA
ORA
NL
KHOST
INDUS R
.
Amir Ghazi
SHARDEH
GHORBAND
R.
Asadabad
DARUNTA
Kabul
PA
NJ
SH
ER
Istalif
PAKISTAN
LEGEND
EXISTING PROJECT
PROPOSED PROJECT
UNDER CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
PROJECTS ON RIVER KABUL BY AFGHANISTAN
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
NAME OF THE PROJECT
STATUS
Kama Irrigation Project
Proposed
Shardeh-Ghorband Irrigation-cumMicro Hydroelectric Power Scheme
Proposed
Nangarhar Development Project
HEAD
(M)
CAPACITY
(MW)
STORAGE
(MAF)
45
0.445
-
600 kW
0.28
Proposed
-
-
0.28
Parwan Irrigation and
Hydroelectric Project
Proposed
-
-
0.28
Gatt Reservoir
Proposed
-
-
-
Darunta
Existing
12
11.5
Sarobi
Existing
56
222
-
Naghlu
Existing
76
100
0.3
Mahipar
Existing
345
66
0.28
Maidan Shahr
Existing
-
-
-
PROJECTS ON RIVER KABUL BY AFGHANISTAN
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
NAME OF THE PROJECT
STORAGE
(MAF)
STATUS
HEAD
(M)
CAPACITY
(MW)
Istalif Hydroelectric Power
Plant
Existing
-
0.2
Asadabad Hydroelectric Plant
Existing
-
2 x 350 kW
-
U/C
-
-
-
Zurmat Dam
Under Reh.
-
-
-
Amir Ghazi
Under Reh.
-
-
-
Qargha Plant
Under Reh.
-
-
-
Pul-i-Khumri
Under Reh.
-
-
-
Dasht-e-Ghamberi Canal or
Aab-e-Marwareed Canal
PROJECTS ON RIVER KABUL BY AFGHANISTAN
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
NAME OF THE PROJECT
STORAGE
(MAF)
STATUS
HEAD
(M)
CAPACITY
(MW)
Haijan Storage Dam
-
-
-
-
Gulbahar Storage Dam
-
-
-
-
Zadrano Dam
-
-
-
-
Machalgho Dam
-
-
-
-
Shahtoot Dam
-
-
-
-
Mangallo Dam
-
-
-
-
EFFECT OF KAMA PROJECT
(1)
Location
:
Diversion Dam on Konar River
13 K.M from Kabul
(2)
Storage Capacity
:
445,000 AF
(3)
Power Generation
:
45 MW
(4)
Total Diversion
:
(A)
313,200 AF (386.3 MCM) per year
(B)
425 Cusec (12 m3/sec)
(5)
Reduction of inflow at Warsak
:
5-8%
(6)
Reduction of power
generation at Warsak
:
11%
(7)
Area proposed to be irrigated
:
28,740 Acre
OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF KABUL RIVER BASIN
OBJECTIVES
EXPECTED RESULTS
Development Plan
1.
In 2011 30% of water comes from
large works
Implementation Plan
2.
Plans and designs prepared for
investments in water resources
infrastructure
Management Plan
Water resources are managed
economically and equitably for
proper drinking water supply,
environmental protection and
improved land productivity
Source: NORPLAN 2004
INDICATORS
1.
Acreage of land to be irrigated
from rehabilitated and new works
2.
Number of plans approved by
MoF
1.
Number of sites that meet
technical standards
2.
Percentage of sites where 90%
of tail-enders receive enough
water on time
3.
Number of upper-catchment
protection programs
4.
Number of sites reserved as
suitable drinking water resource
AVAILABLE
INFORMATION ABOUT
KABUL BASIN
AND
OTHER COMMON
RIVER PROJECTS
PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Brief Description of Project
Common/
Non-Common
Sr. #
Project Title
River Basin
1.
Darunta Dam
Kabul River
Project is located near Jalalabad.
Common
Dam has capacity of 11.5 MW.
(Pakistan Border)
Initial construction work commenced in
1960 with technical and financial assistance
of USSR and was completed in 1962.
World Bank has now pledged US$ 50 million
for renovation.
Renovation contract was given to German
Company “Siemens”.
2.
Sarobi Dam
Kabul River
The dam has capacity of 222 MW Power Common
generation.
(Pakistan Border)
World Bank had pledged US$ 50 million for
renovation.
Contract was awarded to Siemens.
3.
Naghlu Dam
Kabul River
Project is located in the west of Kabul and Common
has storage capacity of 304,000 AF.
(Pakistan Border)
The generation capacity is 100 MW.
The dam is 361 feet high and 919 feet long.
Initial construction was completed in
1960.The out of order turbine is being
repaired by Chinese Company “M/s. Sino
Hydro”.
World Bank had allocated US$ 35 million for
repair/renovation of this project.
PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. #
Project Title
River
Basin
Brief Description of Project
Common/
Non-Common
4.
Shardeh Ghorband
Kabul
Irrigation –cum-Micro River
Hydroelectric Power
Scheme
The dam is located near Kabul and irrigates Common
1,126 Ha of land with power generation of 600 (Pakistan Border)
KW.
5.
Mahipar Dam
Kabul
River
The dam is located near Kabul.
Common
(Pakistan Border)
It has capacity of 66 MW.
Rehabilitation had been undertaken by
German firm “Siemens”.
6.
Nangarhar
Development Project
Kabul
River
The project was started in 1964 with
Russian assistance.
It irrigates 31200 Ha of land.
7.
Maidan Shahr
Kabul
River
Information is being sought.
8.
Istalif Hydroelectric
Power Plant
Kabul
River
The plant is located 55 km north of Kabul.
Common
The power generation capacity of the plant
(Pakistan Border)
is 200 kW.
It was completed with the help of KoreaWater in 2006 and Korea-Water also provided
operation and management for the facility
and the associated electric works for one
year.
PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. #
Project Title
River Basin
Brief Description of Project
Common/
Non-Common
9.
Amir Ghazi
Project
Kabul River
The plant is located near Jalalabad.
Common
(Pakistan Border)
10.
Qargha Plant
Kabul River
The plant is located near Jalalabad.
Common
(Pakistan Border)
11.
Haijan Storage
Dam
Kabul River
-
-
12.
Gulbahar
Storage Dam
Kabul River
-
-
13.
Pul-i-Khumari
Kabul River
-
-
PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. #
14.
Project Title
Dasht-eGhamberi
Canal
OR
Aab-eMarwareed
Canal
River Basin
Kunar
River
Brief Description of Project
Common/ NonCommon
The canal starts from Zari Baba and goes to Common
Salampur in Khewa District of Nangarhar (Pakistan Border)
Province to irrigate Gambiri Dag in
Laghman/Nangarhar Province.
The canal will use 3,000 liters per second
from Kunar River.
Approx 10% of Kunar River will be diverted
through canal.
Because the inflow of Kabul River is
receding every year due to drought in
Afghanistan, during the last few years. The
surplus water of canal will be stored in
Darunta Dam.
Remaining part of the project has been
reported to be financed by India.
Financial and technical aspects have been
studied with estimated cost of US$ 1.2
million.
The project was started by PMS. (a
Japanese NGO)
18 Km out of 26 Km was completed with a
cost of US$ 3 million.
PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
River Basin
Brief Description of Project
Common/
Non-Common
Sr. #
Project Title
15.
Kama Water and
Power Project
Kunar
River
Project is located on River Kunar in Common
(Pakistan Border)
Nangarhar Province.
It will irrigate about 12,000 Ha of land and
will produce 45 MW of electricity.
Feasibility study of the project was
completed in 1975.
Recently an amount of US$ 2.4 Million has
been allocated for this project.
Another report reflects that Afghan
Government has finalized a contract with
Indian Government for construction of Dam
in area Kama on Junction of Kabul, Panjshar
and Kunar Rivers with a cost of US$ 24
million. However, Foreign Office reports that
no such activity was at the envil.
16.
Asadabad
Hydroelectric
Power Plant
Kunar
River
The power generation capacity of the plant Common
(Pakistan Border)
is 2 X 350 kW.
The plant was built with German assistant.
Only one of the sets is in operation.
The plant was completed in 1983.
PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
River
Basin
Brief Description of Project
Common/
Non-Common
Sr. #
Project Title
17.
Parwan
Irrigation and
Hydroelectric
Project
Panjsher
River
The projected is located 600m below confluence of Common
(Pakistan
Shuttal and Panjsher Rivers.
Border)
It irrigates 24,800 Ha of land in Parwan Province
2000 KW/hr has already been completed in 1973.
18.
Gatt
Reservoir
Logar
River
It is located on Logar River in Kabul Province and
irrigates 10,000 Ha of land.
It is also intended for provision of potable water to
Kabul City and also for raising of under ground water
table.
Negotiations were also underway with JICA for
assistance.
19.
Mangallo
Dam
Kurram
River
The dam is located in Paktia.
Its reservoir is spread over area of 20,000 square
meters.
It does not produce electricity despite having capacity
to produce sizeable quantum.
20.
Zurmat Dam
Kurram
River
The dam is located in Paktia.
Its reservoir is spread over area of 8,000 square
meter.
Currently, its repair was done/undertaken by Afghan
Ministry of Water and Energy.
PROJECTS IN AFGHANISTAN
Sr. #
Project Title
River Basin
Brief Description of Project
Common/
Non-Common
21.
Zadrano Dam
Kurram
River
The dam is located in Paktia. Further Common
(Pakistan Border)
information is being sought.
22.
Machalgho Dam
Kurram
River
Common
The dam is located in Paktia.
The water released from this dam flows (Pakistan Border)
toward Kurram Agency is Pakistan.
Its reservoir is spread over 15,000 square
meters.
PRT (?) at Gardaz was working on dam.
23.
Shahtoot Dam
Wardak
River
The plant is located in Wardak Province on Common
Wardak River, which is a tributary of Kabul (Pakistan Border)
River.
24.
Bore Nala (Lora
Pishin)
Pishin Lora
The dam located on Spin Tangi in Shorwak Common
(Pakistan Border)
area of Kandhar Province.
EXISTING AND PLANNED USAGES BY
AFGHANISTAN THROUGH COMMON RIVERS
Existing
=
1 MAF
Planned
=
4 MAF
Total Water Resources Development
Potential by Afghanistan is estimated
to about 5 MAF.
USES
IN
PAKISTAN
USES* IN NWFP
Usage
RIVERS
Present
(MAF)
Planned
(MAF)
Total
(MAF)
Kabul (Warsak Dam)
1.598
0.942
2.54
Chitral
0.214
1.048
1.262
Kurram (Khurlarchi)
1.087
0.572
1.659
Kaitu (Spinwam/Tochi)
(Bannu Miran Shah Road)
0.151
0.270
0.421
Gomal
0.79
0.892
1.682
3.84
3.724
7.564
TOTAL
* All the waters of common rivers are committed for use in Pakistan
PROJECTS BY PAKISTAN IN NWFP
SALIENT FEATURES
PROJECTS
Gomal Zam Dam Project
POWER
GENERATION
(MW)
GROSS
STORAGE
(MAF)
17.4
Live = 0.892
Dead = 0.248
Under Construction
STATUS
Kurram Tangi Dam Project
53
Live = 0.614
Dead = 0.300
Approved Govt. of
Pakistan
Mir Khani Dam Project
150
Total = 0.580
Pre-feasibility study
yet to be undertaken
COMMON RIVERS WITH AFGHANISTAN
LOCATION OF ONGOING/PROPOSED PROJECTS
CHITRAL R.
KABUL R.
KONAR
AFGHANISTAN
R.
KABUL
KAITU R.
MIRKHANI
DAM
KURRAM R.
SWAT R.
DURAND LINE
JALALABAD
GARDEZ
TOCHI R.
R
GOMAL
A
KURRAM
TANGI DAM
R
BA
GOMAL R.
WARSAK
DAM
.
PESHAWAR
GOMAL ZAM
DAM
ATTOCK
KOHAT
BANNU
TARBELA
DAM
ISA KHEL
PAKISTAN
KULACHI
LEGEND
INDUS R.
DURAND LINE
RIVER
DERA ISMAIL KHAN
CITY
USES IN BALOCHISTAN
USAGE
RIVERS
PRESENT
(MAF)
PLANNED
(MAF)
TOTAL
(MAF)
Pishin Lora
0.043
0.039
0.082
Abdul Wahab
0.0022
0.0029
0.0051
Kadnai
0.0085
0.0121
0.0206
Kaisar
0.00190
0.0019
0.0038
Kand
0.0010
0.00182
0.00282
Kandar
0.0061
0.0099
0.016
0.0627
0.06762
0.13032
TOTAL
USES IN BALOCHISTAN
NAME OF PROJECT
LOCATION
HEIGHT
Burj Aziz Khan Dam
60 Km North-West
of Quetta
52 m
Abdul Wahab Storage Dam
9 Miles Downstream
of Afghan Border
-
ACTIVITIES
UNDERTAKEN
ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN

Collection of Data/Information

Exhaustive Water Account

Future Planning by Pakistan

Draft Agreement
Proposed
has
been
STRENGTHENING OF HYDROLOGICAL NETWORK
IN BALOCHISTAN AND NWFP
SITES IN OPERATION
SITES COMMISSIONED
N.W.F.P
Arandu Nallah at Arandu
Kabul River at Shinpokh
Chitral River near Arandu
Kurram River at Kharachi
Kaitu River at Dohtai
Tochi River at Dwa Tol
Gomal River at Tarkhai Marghoghul
BALOCHISTAN
Abdul Wahab River at Quamar Din Zhob
Kandar River at Sande
Pashin Lora at Sargai
Kand River near Sahib Jan Killi
Pashin Lora at Inam Bostan
Kadnai River at Domanda
Gori River near International Boundary
PAK-AFGHAN WATER AGREEMENT

Initial draft Pak-Afghan Water
Treaty has been prepared

Vetted by Ministry of Foreign
Affairs

Comments from Ministry of
Law, Justice and Human Rights
are awaited
FACTS
&
ISSUES
FACTS
(i)
Afghanistan has an estimated
development potential in water
sector to the tune of about 4 MAF.
(ii)
Complete/Exhaustive
is not available.
information
(iii) Delay in decision might cost
Pakistan – India being active.
ISSUES
(i)
Sharing of information – mechanism to be
arranged by the Foreign Office
(ii)
Diversion of River Chitral - a Viable Option?
(iii) Decision
about
the
Agreement
Afghanistan on Water Sharing
with
(iv) Appropriate Time for such Agreement
(v)
Commitment
of
existing
resources/construction of storages
water
CHITRAL
DIVERSION
CHITRAL DIVERSION
LEGEND
RIVER
DURAND LINE
DURAND LINE
POSSIBLE POWER
DEVELOPMENT
R.
KAMA
PROJECT
DIR
NJ
KO
RA
VE
R
R.
RI
AR
CHARDIH
SAROBI
KABUL
LO
GA
R
.
MAIDAN SHAHR
KA
JALALABAD
BESHAM QILA
CHAKDARA
DARAGAI
BU
LR
.
NANGARHAR
BARA
TARBELA DAM
WARSAK
DAM
PESHAWAR
KABU
US
IND
KOHAT
RI
VE
R
PAKISTAN
ABBOTABAD
L R
NOWSHERA
RIVER
AFGHANISTAN
R
IVE
SW
AT
N
KO
IND
R
US
PA
AR
AL
PAGHMAN
IN
G
MAHIPUR
SW
R.
NAGHLU
DARUNTA
AT
R
PA
KALAM
DROSH
IVE
R
CHITRA
R.
L R.
AY
.
I R
SH
NJ
CHITRAL
R.
ND
EXISTING HYDRO PLANTS
(KABUL RIVER)
CHITRAL-PANJKORA
PROPOSED TUNNEL
10 M DIA.23 MILES
AS
TU
J
HO
TK
LU
LA
POSSIBLE STORAGE
SITES
M
CITY
ATTOCK
PROPOSED SWAT
WARSAK CANAL
MUNDA H/W
OPTION OF CHITRAL DIVERSION
Project Components

Construction of Mirkhani Dam to divert Chitral
flows (about 4 MAF).

Tunnel to Panjkora River (part of Mirkhani Dam)
and Canal to Munda H/W.

Impact on irrigation and at Warsak & Munda
projects to be considered.