Classification
Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Vocabulary
 Classification- Orderly
arrangement of organisms into
groups based on similar
characteristics.
 Biologists use classification to
make organisms easier to study.
Taxonomy- is the scientific study
of how organisms are classified.
Vocab. Continued!!!!!!!
 Carolus Linnaeus is considered the
founder of Taxonomy. He came up
with the system that gave every
living thing a two word name (genus
and species). This is called
binomial nomenclature (two
names naming system)
ex. Before Linnaeus the
honey bee was called Apis
pubescens thorace
subgriseo abdomine fusco
pedibus posticus glabris
utrinque margine ciliatus.
Oh wowww!!!!!!!!!! Thank
goodness for Carolus
Linnaeus!!
After his naming, the honey
bee is Apis mellifera
The two part naming is
made up of the genus and
the species.
Elephas maximus
↓
↓
Genus
Species
The first part of the name (genus) is always capitalized.
The second part of the name (species) is lower case.
The name is either underlined or italicized.
Examples: Tyrannosauarus rex
↓
↓
Genus
species
Canis lupus
Luiquidambar styraciflua
↓
↓
↓
↓
Genus species
Genus
species
Advantages of scientific names:
• They eliminate confusion. No matter what
language scientists speak in their country,
scientific names are always in Latin or
Greek.
• Organisms may have many common
names but only 1 scientific name.
Bonjour Adios sayonara
Taxonomic Keys
• These are special guides to identify an
unknown organism. It is made up of
descriptive statements with either a “yes”
or “no” answer. By working through the
statements, a person can identify a
species. (p. 20)
Branching Tree Diagrams
• Diagrams that show
evolutionary
relationships between
organisms. The closer
an organism is to
another, the more
closely related they
are. (p. 27)
Domain Bacteria
Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
 Unicellular
 Cell wall
 Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs
 They live everywhere, are in YOU, most
are helpful
 Oldest organisms (3.5 billion years)

Domain Bacteria Examples
E. coli, Strep, tuberculosis, salmonella
 Many are decomposers,
 Lactobacillus acidophilus makes yogurt

Domain Archaea
Prokaryotic (no nucleus),
 Unicellular
 Cell wall
 Some are autotrophs
and some are heterotrophs

Domain Archaea Examples
There are three main types:
salt lovers, heat lovers, and methane
producers (found inside cows)!
These ancient (archae) bacteria live in
extreme environments!

Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Eukaryotic (cell has a nucleus,
membrane covered organelles)
 Most are unicellular
 Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs
 Protists evolved from bacteria and other
organisms evolved from protists

Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista examples
Three types: plant-like, animal-like,
fungus-like
Ameba, Euglena, volvox, slime mold,
seaweed

Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotic
 Cell wall
 Mostly multicellular
 All are heterotrophs
(first digest then absorb their food)

Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi examples
Molds, yeasts, mushrooms
 Some fungi are helpful (decomposers,
food, antibiotics such as penicillin);
others are harmful (poison, disease)

Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryotic
 Cell wall
 Multicellular
 Autotroph
 Plants have tissues and organs and
complex sexual reproduction cycles

Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae examples

Moss, ferns, sunflowers, grass, redwood
trees
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryotic
 Multicellular
 No cell walls
 Heterotrophs
 Most have organ systems
and movement
 All reproduce sexually.

Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia examples

Sponges, beetles, jellyfish, worms, birds,
snakes, moths, coral, humans, fish,
mosquitoes, clams