Abraham Lincoln
• Full Name: Abraham Lincoln (didn’t have a
middle name)
• He was a moderate Republican
• He was the 16th President of the US and
served from 1861-1865
Occupational and Educational
Background
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Had a total of one year of formal education
Gained most of his knowledge from reading
1846 elected to the House of Representatives
Became one of the most famous lawyers in
Illinois
• Ran against Stephen A. Douglas or Senate in
1858
Occupational and Educational
Background
• Ran in election for Vice Presidential
nomination for Republican Party 1856
• Nominated for Presidential Candidate in 1860,
won this election and was elected President
Significant Cabinet Members
• Vice Presidents: Hannibal Hamlin (1860-1865)
and Andrew Johnson (1865)
• Secretary of State: William H. Seward (18611865)
States Admitted to the Union
• Kansas 1861
• West Virginia 1863
• Nevada 1864
Presidential Election 1860
Candidate
and Party
Affiliation
Abraham Lincoln
Republican
John C. Breckinridge
Southern
Democratic
John Bell
Constitutional
Union/Whig
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern
Democratic
Electoral
Votes
180
72
39
12
Popular
Votes
1,865,908
848,019
590,901
1,380,202
Reasons Lincoln Won: He had a message of how a simple farm boy could achieve
this, was a common and honest down to earth guy, the Republicans were very
popular and were pretty much guaranteed most if not all of the northern
electoral votes
Presidential Election 1864
Candidate and
Party Affiliation
Abraham Lincoln
National Union
George Brinton McClellan
Democratic
Electoral Votes
212
21
Popular Votes
2,218,388
1,812,807
Reasons Why Lincoln Won: He created a larger party with the merging of the
Republicans and the War Democrats to form the National Union Party. He
had even more support with this larger party and easily won.
Beginning of the War between States -1861
• South Carolina removed itself from the Union
• Six more states secede from the Union- Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,
Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas followed by four more, Virginia, Arkansas,
Tennessee, and North Carolina.
• The 11 states become the Confederate States of America.
• Lincoln fought the war primary to preserve the Union.
• Significance
– War restored Union
– War resolved slavery
– War led to the reconstruction in South
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/tl1861.html
First Bull Run- 1861
• Public demand forced untried Union troops to advance
Confederate troops stationed at Manassas Junction,
Virginia.
• Initial victory was terminated by confederate
reinforcement.
• Significance:
– The defeat gave the public the real side of the war.
– Lincoln realized that the war was difficult to be won
http://library.thinkquest.org/J002047F/first_bull_run.htm
Trent Affair-1861
• Charles Wilkes captured two Confederate envoys on the
British ship.
• United States violated British neutrality.
• Significance:
– a diplomatic crisis arose between the United States and Great Britain
during the Civil War
– Almost led to war between already in-warred U.S. and Britain
http://www.newsinhistory.com/feature/trentaffair-crisis-during-us-civil-war-greatbritain-almost-fights-united-states
http://civilwartalk.com/forums/showthread.p
hp?35981-Civil-War-sketches-andcartoons/page3
Morrill Tariff Act-1861
• an American protective tariff law adopted on March 2, 1861.
• Justin Morrill of Vermont drafted the act with Henry C. Carey.
• The Tariff raised rates to protect industries and the high
wages of industrial workers.
• Higher rate of tariff to raise the war.
• Significance
– Moderately finance the war
– Effectively increased the revenue comparing to that of 1860.
http://www.ashevilletribune.com/archive
s/censored-truths/Morrill%20Tariff.html
Battle of Monitor and Merrimac-1862
• a naval battle of the American Civil War, the first fight
between two ironclad warships.
• Confederate Ship CSS Virginia wrecked many wooden
warships until the Monitor arrived on the second day.
• USS Monitor VS. CSS Virginia (former USS Merrimac)
• Significance
– The first two iron ships were used in war
– Introduce the new naval force to the world.
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.or
g/entry/Battle_of_Monitor_and_Merri
mack
Morrill Land Grant College Act
• transformed higher education and was responsible
for the establishment of numerous colleges across
the country.
• gave each state 30,000 acres of public land for each
Senator and Representative.
• Significance
– Promote access for ordinary people to higher education.
– Science and Education started gaining recognition
http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/morrill.html
Homestead Act-1862
• Any U.S. citizen who had never borne arms
against the U.S. Government could file an
application claiming land.
• Significance and impact
– Loopholes were found in the land claiming system.
– Investigators were often susceptible to bribery.
http://www.archives.gov/education/les
sons/homestead-act/
Greenbacks issued under Legal Tender
Act
• Issue flat paper money that depreciates to
raise the war without taxation.
• Significance
– Greenbacks ended the trading in gold and silver.
– And established uniformed currency
– Majorly finance the war
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/legal-tender-act-passed
Confederacy enacts the first
conscription law in U.S. History-1862
• white men eighteen to thirty-five years of age
were eligible for a three-year service under
the draft.
• Significance:
– The draft was weakened by its exemptions for
substitution.
– It was the first conscription law in U.S. history
http://www.etymonline.com/cw/draft.htm
Fort Donelson
• was a major victory for the North
• 13,000 Confederates surrendered
• Grant became a Northern hero and was tagged with the
nickname of "Unconditional Surrender" Grant.
• Significance
– Ensured that Kentucky would stay with the Union
– Grant was promoted to become a major general
http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/hi
stprof/misc/majorcw.html
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundati
on/civil-war/1862/battle-fortdonelson.htm
Battle of Shiloh
• named after a church on the battlefield.
• Grant with some 40,000 men moved down the
Tennessee River
• The Confederate, Johnston and Beauregard, struck
Grant with their army before reinforcement arrived.
• Grant held his lines and Johnston was killed.
• With reinforcement, Grant gained victory.
• Significance
– Both sides realized that civil would not end easily
– Both side suffered major death
http://www.laughtergenealogy.c
om/bin/histprof/misc/majorcw.ht
ml
Antietam
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In September 1862 Lee invaded Maryland.
Jackson went to capture Harper's Ferry
Lee took the other division to Sharpsburg
Lee's 40,000 men suffered great losses and retreated to
Virginia.
• Significance
– Gave Lincoln the chance to issue the preliminary Emancipation
Proclamation by the victory.
http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/
histprof/misc/majorcw.html
http://www.wpclipart.com/American_Hi
story/civil_war/Antietam/Antietam_sun
ken_road_1.png.html
Fredericksburg
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Ambrose E. Burnside replaced McClellan
Ambrose E. Burnside attacked Lee at Fredericksburg
Burnside suffered nearly 13,000 casualties
Significance
– Lincoln realized that the war would not end as quickly as Lincoln
once regarded.
– Burnside was replaced by General Hook
http://www.laughtergenealogy.
com/bin/histprof/misc/majorc
w.html
Murfreesboro
• Lincoln replaced Buell with General William S.
Rosecrans.
• highest casualty rate of the war, with each side losing
about a third of its men.
• Significance
– Both sides suffered huge casualties
http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/b
in/histprof/misc/majorcw.html
http://www.murfreesboropost.com/n
ews.php?viewStory=5694
Emancipation Proclamation-1863
• declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the
rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be
free."
• Lincoln was dedicated to restoring the Union and not
ending slavery entirely
• supported the concept of compensated
emancipation.
• Significance
– Partially ended slavery
– The economy shift caused difficulties of reconstruction
after the war in South
http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=35&subjectID=3
Enrollment Act
• The decision to allow men to avoid the draft
by paying $300 to hire a substitute
• Significance
– accusation that this was a rich man's war and a
poor man's fight.
– Result in Draft Riot worst in NYC
http://www.jcs-group.com/military/war1861civil/enrollment.html
Battle of Vicksburg
• General Ulysses S. Grant drove the
confederate army crossed the Mississippi river
• Without reinforcement, Vicksburg fell
• Significance
– The North had control of the Mississippi River
– A Navy to blockade sea ports
– the North had an encirclement around the
confederacy
– Turning point of the war
http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/histprof/misc/majorcw.html
Battle of Gettysburg
• Lee brought his army up the Shenandoah Valley
• General George G. Meade was in command of the
Union troops.
• 85,000 men fought a Southern army of about 65,000
• Significance
– Lee lost all the troop strength to launch another major
offensive
– Turning point of the war
http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/histprof/misc/majorcw.html
Draft Riots in New York City
• the largest civil insurrection in America besides the Civil
War
• Caused by the unfair draft
• blacks murdered on the streets
• The military suppressed the mob
• Impct/significance
– 120 were killed; 8000 were wounded
– 1-3 million loss
– Support from NY continued in war
http://www.press.uchic
ago.edu/Misc/Chicago/
317749.html
http://www.press.uchic
ago.edu/Images/Chica
go/0226317749.gif
National Banking Act
• established a system of nationally chartered
banks
• amended to require the taxation of state
currencies
• Significance
– created a uniformed national currency
http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/grossman.banking.history.us.civil.war.wwii
Battle of Chancellorsville
• Hooker replaced Burnside as commander of the Army
• Lee with 60000 men stayed at Fredericksburg
• Hooker initially attacked successfully and then he withdrew his troops to
Chancellorsville
• Next day, Stonewall Jackson to counter attack
• Jackson died on May 10.
• Significance
– South lost a great General
– Considered to be Lee’s greatest victory in saving the South
http://www.laughtergenealo
gy.com/bin/histprof/misc/m
ajorcw.html
http://t0.gstatic.com/images
?q=tbn:ANd9GcSccaxWki2
Imr4lD0r0YZYQKo240Mejp
Cq0Kzu_F252ibqz1EPG
Battle of Chickamauga
• major Southern victory trapped Rosecrans
• But failed to take advantage
• Significance
– South could have won a major victory, but it let
the chance slip.
http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/histprof/misc/majorcw.html
Battle of Missionary Ridge
• A Union victory with 12,485 casualties of
which 6,670 were Confederate soldiers.
• Grant assaulted Missionary Ridge and
defeated the Confederate Army of Tennessee
• Significance
– Set base for Sherman's 1864 Atlanta Campaign
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/ba
ttles_missionary_ridge.html
Wade Davis Bill
• how the Union would be reunited if the North won the Civil
War
• 50% percent of a state’s white males take a loyalty oath
• states recognized the “permanent freedom of slaves.” and
give blacks the right to vote.
• Abraham Lincoln killed the bill
• Significance
– The bill discussed the strict reconstruction plan, but Lincoln pocket
vetoed it, so it was never enacted.
http://ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=37
Sand Creek Massacre
• a 700-man force of Colorado militia attacked and
destroyed a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho
• killed and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Indians,
about two-thirds of whom were women and children.
• Significance
– disrupted the traditional Cheyenne power structure
– Heavy life loss
http://www.lastoftheindependents.com/sandcreek.htm
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/
Mochi_Southern_Cheyenne.jpg/220pxMochi_Southern_Cheyenne.jpg
Atlanta Campaign
• was a series of battles fought throughout
northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta
• In May, William T. Sherman invaded Georgia from the
victory of Chattanooga
• In July John Bell Hood replaced Johnston
• Atlanta fell on September 2
• Significance
– It cut off Confederates’ main supply line
– North confirmed the victory
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/41067/Atlanta-Campaign
Wilderness Campaign
• Grant had superior forces, supply lines, and
replacement troops over Lee
• Heavy losses failed to halt Grant’s progress
southward.
• Significance
– Started overland campaign
– Contributed to the eventual south’s downfall
http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/histp
rof/misc/majorcw.html
The siege of Petersburg
• Grant launched the siege of Petersburg.
• Grant finished other resistance force.
• Forced Lee's Virginia army with months of
trench warfare.
• Significance
– Grant realized that the end of the war was definite.
http://www.laughtergenealogy.com/bin/histprof/misc/majorcw.html
Hampton Road Conference
• informal, unsuccessful peace talks
• Lincoln offered peace treaties of disbanding of
Confederate troops, emancipation of the
slaves, and a reunion of the nation
• The talk failed.
• Significance
– The war continued
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/253803/Hampton-Roads-Conference
Surrender at the city of Appomattox
Courthouse
• on April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant
at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.
• Lee’s men were not prosecuted for treason.
• Generous peace conditions
• 175,000 Confederates still remained in the
field
• significance
– Strength of the Confederacy was fading
– War was coming to an end
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/appomatx.htm
Freedmen’s Bureau established
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Government agency to aid freedmen (freed slaves)
They built hospitals for the freed slaves
More than 1,000 negro schools were built
Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard was appointed to head
the agency.
• Congress discontinued the Freedmen's Bureau in
1872.
• Significance
– Promoted freedom, education, and public welfare
– Helped southern reconstruction
http://civilwar.bluegrass.net/SlaveryAndEmancipation/freedmensbureau.html
Lincoln’s Assassination
• First president to be assassinated
• 5 days after grant Robert Lee surrendered
• Larger conspiracy to kill Andrew Johnson,
William H. Seward failed.
http://www.history.com/topics/abraham-lincoln-assassination
Criticism and praise
• “it is impossible not to feel that it was an evil day
both for America and the world, when he was
chosen president of the United States".
--British News Paper Guardian, 1862
• "Of his rule we can never speak except as a series of
acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional
right and human liberty”
-- --British News Paper Guardian, 1965

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“rugged rail-splitter and humble lawyer helped heal the
bloody divisions of Civil War. “
--Barack Obama
“One of the Greatest Presidents in American History.”
---Billy Wu
Contributions
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Preserved the Union
Freed the slaves
Boosted American Industries
Promoted Education
Established uniformed paper currency
Failed to finish racism
Started and ended Civil War
By Billy Wu and Colin Parts