Unification of Italy
Italy and Germany
• Nationalism destroyed empires but resulted in
building of some nations
– Italy and Germany are the two biggest examples
• Both areas were a hodge-podge of small
kingdoms, united in language and culture but
not politically
• Much of the reason why is the old Holy
Roman Empire and the Reformation
– Conflict between Catholics and Protestants led to
much of this disunity
Italy
• Italians were very interested in the revolutions
of 1830 and 1848
• Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (basically
western Italy) had a liberal constitution
– This appealed to middle class Italians all over the
region
• Young Italy movement: founded by Giuseppe
Mazzini
– Took “code names” from the Renaissance and Medieval
times
– Wanted a democratic, republican form of government
– Anti-monarchy
Italy
• Sardinia’s King appoints Camillo di Cavour as
Prime Minister
• Goal: gain control over northern Italy
• Obstacle: most of northern Italy controlled by
Austrian Empire
• Tactic: get Napoleon III of France to help drive
the Austrians out
– And it worked
Southern Italy
• Meanwhile, Cavour was secretly aiding rebels in the
south of Italy
• Giuseppe Garibaldi leads nationalist rebels and takes
over Sicily
• Red Shirts: Followers all wore red shirts, they
become known by that name
• Garibaldi and his troops march north, Cavour has his
king meet Garibaldi in Naples, they unite the south
to Sardinia
• Garibaldi steps aside and lets the king rule over both
parts in 1860
Camillo di Cavour
Giuseppe Garibaldi
King Victor Emmanuel II
Venice, Rome and the Pope
• Two areas remain “outside”
• Austrian province of Venetia
– Where Venice is located - joins Italy in 1866
• Papal States
– Conquered by Garibaldi’s forces
– Directly controlled by the church
– Including the city of Rome
Italian unification
• Now all of Italy is united and controlled by one
government – except for Vatican City which
remains the Pope’s own kingdom
Text Books
Get a text book and turn to
page 695
Unification of Germany
• Read through the case study on the
Unification of Germany
• Create an outline of the information using the
bold topics as your level one.
• Example:
Unification of Germany
• Bismarck Unites Germany
– Info from first paragraph
• Prussia leads German Unification
– Info from this section
• Bismarck Takes Control
– Info from this section
Be sure to define any words in blue and be
specific with information