Semester Exam Review (Anatomy and Physiology)
Chapter 10-11 (Muscular System)
Multiple Choice
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following list of muscles make up the quadriceps muscle group?
rectus femoris, sartorius, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris
biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
biceps femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, sartorius
none are correct
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The covering of individual muscle fibers is the:
periosteum
perimysium
epimysium
endomysium
both A and B
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The triceps brachii acts as the __________ during flexion of the forearm.
synergist
antagonist
prime mover
agonist
both C and D
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A muscle that assists with mastication is the:
orbicularis oris
temporalis
buccinator
zygomaticus major
all of the above
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except:
iliopsoas
infraspinatus
serratus anterior
supraspinatus
A and C
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The anterior arm muscle that flexes a supinated forearm is the:
biceps brachii
triceps brachii
brachioradialis
brachialis
none of the above
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A muscle contraction in which there is movement of the muscle while the tension
remains unchanged is known as:
concentric contraction
isometric contraction
eccentric contraction
isotonic contraction
both B and D
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The flexor muscles that move the fingers are located on the:
anterior surface of the forearm
posterior surface of the forearm
posterior surface of the hand
anterior surface of the brachial region
none of the above
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group?
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
all are quadricep muscles
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A hamstring injury might affect which of the following muscles:
rectus femoris
sartorius
gracilis
gastrocnemius
none of the above
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A muscle is attached to the humerus and the ulna. When the muscle contracts, the elbow
bends. That would mean that the:
ulna attachment is the origin
humerus attachment is the insertion
neither attachment is the origin
both attachments are the insertion
none of the above
12.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following muscles make up the hamstring muscle group?
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
biceps femoris, rectus femoris, semitendinosus
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius
none of the above
Chapter 12-14 (Nervous System)
Multiple Choice
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal
muscle is the:
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
afferent division
none of the above
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the:
endoneurium
perineurium
macroneurium
epineurium
none of the above
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve?
endoneurium
perineurium
epineurium
fascicle
none of the above
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The main divisions of the central nervous system are the:
brain, spinal cord, and autonomic nerves
brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, spinal nerves
none of the above
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The brain has ______ major divisions.
4
5
6
7
none of the above
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The vomiting reflex is mediated by the:
cerebrum
medulla
thalamus
cerebellum
none of the above
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9.
The part of the brain that receives impulses from the labyrinth of the ear, and thus
functions in the maintenance of equilibrium, is the:
medulla
pons
cerebellum
hypothalamus
none of the above
The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from
the pituitary is the:
hypothalamus
thalamus
medulla
cerebellum
none of the above
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The part of the brain that can influence the release of hormones or the endocrine system
is the:
thalamus
hypothalamus
medulla
pons
none of the above
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Somatic reflexes consist of:
contractions of smooth muscle
contractions of cardiac muscle
glandular contractions
contractions of skeletal muscles
none of the above
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following would not be an effector of the autonomic nervous system?
skeletal muscles
blood vessels
sweat glands
the iris of the eye
none of the above
12.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The peripheral nervous system includes:
autonomic nerves
sensory nerves
somatic nerves
all of the above
none of the above
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
integrating sensory information
evaluating the information
initiating an outgoing response
all of the above are functions
none of the above
14.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is:
dendrite, axon, cell body, and receptor
dendrite, cell body, and axon
axon, cell body, and dendrite
receptor, axon, and cell body
none of the above
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Dendrites conduct impulses:
toward cell bodies
away from cell bodies
within cell bodies
all of the above
none of the above
16.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called:
sensory nerves
motor nerves
mixed nerves
Schwann nerves
none of the above
17.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The brainstem does not include the:
pons
medulla
midbrain
cerebellum
none of the above
Chapter 17-19 (Cardiovascular System)
Multiple Choice
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following can carry oxygen?
thrombocyte.
platelet .
erythrocyte.
leukocyte.
2
A.
B.
C.
D.
Erythropoiesis is the formation of:
platelets.
red blood cells.
white blood cells.
all of the above.
3
A.
B.
C.
D.
Many types of blood cells are produced in the:
liver.
red bone marrow.
pancreas.
spleen.
4
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which type of white blood cells plays a major role in immunity to infectious diseases?
eosinophils.
lymphocytes.
basophils.
monocytes.
5
A.
B.
C.
D.
Thrombocytes are used for:
body defense.
transport of glucose.
blood clotting.
transport of oxygen.
6
A.
B.
C.
D.
Type AB blood is considered to be the universal recipient because:
it does not contain either anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
both antigen A and antigen B are absent from the red blood cells.
it does not contain the Rh antigen.
B and C.
7
A.
B.
C.
D.
The major ingredient in hemoglobin that allows oxygen to be transported is:
sodium.
iron.
zinc.
copper.
8
A.
B.
C.
D.
A decrease in red blood cell numbers can result in:
anemia.
toxemia.
leukemia.
polycythemia.
9
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following formed elements assist in coagulation?
leukocytes.
thrombocytes.
monocytes.
erythrocytes.
10
A.
B.
C.
D.
The function of blood is to:
carry food to the cells.
assist the body in temperature regulation.
remove waste from the cells.
all of the above.
11
A.
B.
C.
D.
The saclike structure around the heart is the:
myocardium.
endocardium.
pericardium.
epicardium.
12
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?
epicardium.
fibrous pericardium.
myocardium.
endocardium.
13
A.
B.
C.
D.
The thickest layer of tissue in the heart wall is the:
epicardium.
myocardium.
endocardium.
pericardium.
14
A.
B.
C.
D.
The muscular layer of the heart wall is the:
pericardium.
myocardium.
endocardium.
epicardium.
15
A.
B.
C.
D.
The internal layer of tissue in the heart is the:
pericardium.
myocardium.
endocardium.
epicardium.
16
A.
B.
C.
D.
The right atrioventricular valve is also called the:
tricuspid.
mitral.
aortic.
bicuspid.
17
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not an atrioventricular valve?
mitral.
bicuspid.
aortic.
tricuspid.
18
A.
B.
C.
D.
The valve that guards the left atrioventricular orifice is called the:
mitral valve.
bicuspid valve.
tricuspid valve.
both A and B.
19
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is a semilunar valve?
mitral.
tricuspid.
aortic.
bicuspid.
20
A.
B.
C.
D.
The structural components of the circulatory system include the:
heart and lymph nodes.
heart and blood vessels.
heart, vessels, and lymph nodes.
heart and lungs.
21
A.
B.
C.
D.
The order of blood flow through the vessels is:
arterioles, venules, capillaries, arteries, and veins.
veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, and arteries.
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
arterioles, arteries, capillaries, veins, and venules.
22
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following vessels carries blood from the lungs to the heart?
aorta
pulmonary vein
inferior vena cava
pulmonary artery
23
A.
B.
C.
D.
Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the:
lungs.
vena cava.
atria.
ventricles.
24
A.
B.
C.
D.
The ventricle of the heart that ejects blood toward the lungs is the:
right ventricle.
left atrium.
left ventricle.
right atrium.
25
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is a cuspid valve?
aortic.
mitral.
pulmonary.
A and B.
Chapter 23 Test (Respiratory System)
Multiple Choice
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The total number of lobes in both lungs is:
6
5
4
3
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The small openings in the cribriform plate function to:
allow air to move between the nostrils
allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain
provide a filtering system for the inspired air
A and B
3.
Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into
the pharynx?
vestibule—anterior nares—inferior, middle, and superior meati—posterior nares
inferior, middle, and superior meati—nostrils—vestibule—posterior nares
anterior nares—vestibule—inferior, middle, and superior meati—posterior nares
anterior nares—posterior nares—vestibule—inferior, middle, and superior meati
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate? It:
separates the nasal and cranial cavities
forms the lateral aspects of the nose
separates the internal nose from the mouth
forms a midline separation in the nasal cavity
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:
maxillary
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called:
choanae
paranasal sinuses
conchae
vibrissae
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The structure known as the “Adam’s apple” located in the neck is the:
epiglottis
cricoid cartilage
glottis
thyroid cartilage
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The more common name for the pharynx is the:
throat
windpipe
voicebox
nasal cavity
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the:
trachea
nose
nasopharynx
oropharynx
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are:
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
bronchioles
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not a subdivision of the thoracic cavity?
left pleural division
right pleural division
medial pleural division
mediastinum
12.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not a true statement?
When the diaphragm relaxes, it returns to a domelike shape
When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the floor of the thoracic cavity downward
Changes in thorax size bring about inspiration and expiration
Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gas exchange occurs in the:
alveoli
trachea
alveolar ducts
A and C
14.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The length of the pharynx is about:
3.5 cm
8.5 cm
12.5 cm
17.5 cm
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane?
ciliated respiratory mucosa
alveolar epithelium
capillary epithelium
all of the above are part of the respiratory membrane
16.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of these is not an opening in the pharynx?
trachea
eustachian tube
the fauces
esophagus
17.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract:
help move air into and out of the lungs
trap and phagocytize microorganisms
help move the mucus blanket toward the pharynx
B and C
18.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the:
epiglottis
cricoid cartilage
glottis
thyroid cartilage
19.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the:
oropharynx
nasopharynx
esophagus
A and B
20.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system?
oral cavity
trachea
rib cage
diaphragm
21.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Olfactory epithelium is found:
lining the nasopharynx
covering the superior turbinate
lining the paranasal sinuses
all of the above
22.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx?
aids in forming vowel sounds
pathway for food
determines the quality of the voice
pathway for air
Chapter 25-26 Exam (The Digestive System)
Multiple Choice
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Structurally, enzymes are:
lipids
carbohydrates
inorganic compounds
proteins
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The major site for the absorption of the end products of digestion is the:
cecum
large intestine
stomach
small intestine
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucous type of saliva?
parotids
sublinguals
submandibulars
A and B
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The greatest proportion of the tooth shell consists of:
enamel
cementum
dentin
gingivae
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Under normal conditions, how many deciduous teeth are there?
16
20
24
32
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The walls of the GI tract are composed of ______ layers of tissue.
five
four
three
two
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The hard palate consists of portions of:
two bones: two palatines
two bones: one maxillae and one palatine
four bones: two maxillae and two palatines
four bones: three maxillae and one palatine
8.
Which of the following structures controls the opening of the stomach into the small
intestine?
A.
fundus
B.
body
C.
cardiac sphincter
D.
pyloric sphincter
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
In the stomach, hydrochloric acid is secreted by the:
parietal cells
chief cells
lymph nodules
A and B
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
After leaving the stomach, food (chyme) enters the:
esophagus
rectum
small intestine
large intestine
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from outside to inside:
serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa
muscularis, submucosa, mucosa, and serosa
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa
serosa, submucosa, muscularis, and mucosa
12.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not associated with the large intestine?
cecum
appendix
transverse colon
pyloric sphincter
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The longest portion of the small intestine is the:
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
colon
14.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The major site for the absorption of the end products of digestion is the:
cecum
large intestine
stomach
small intestine
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The contents of the stomach are emptied into the:
ileum
jejunum
duodenum
cecum
16.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is:
sigmoid, ascending, transverse, and descending
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
descending, transverse, sigmoid, and ascending
ascending, transverse, sigmoid, and descending
17.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of these is not an example of mechanical digestion?
moistening the food
changing food from large to small particles
propelling food through the digestive tract
all of the above are examples of mechanical digestion
18.
Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar
epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption?
large intestine
small intestine
stomach
esophagus
A.
B.
C.
D.
19.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands
(parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day?
200 ml
500 ml
750 ml
1000 ml
20.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is:
enamel
dentin
cementum
pulp
21.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The greatest proportion of the tooth shell consists of:
gingivae
cementum
enamel
dentin
22.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A permanent set of teeth normally consists of ______ teeth.
26
30
32
36
23.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hydrochloric acid is released from cells in the:
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
all of the above
24.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest?
esophagus
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
25.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?
serves as a reservoir for storage of food
begins the absorption of proteins
destroys pathogenic bacteria
all of the above are functions of the stomach
Chapter 31-32 Test (Reproductive System)
Multiple Choice
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are called:
seminal vesicles.
testes.
vasa deferentia.
Cowper’s glands.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The accessory organs of the male reproductive system include all the following except:
epididymis.
vasa deferentia.
urethra.
gonads.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not a supporting structure of the male reproductive system?
penis
scrotum
prostate
pair of spermatic cords
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not a secreting gland in the male reproductive system?
seminal vesicle
epididymis
prostate
bulbourethral
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The supporting structures in the male reproductive system include:
the penis.
a pair of spermatic cords.
the scrotum.
all of the above.
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Each of the following is a duct in the male reproductive system except:
vas deferens.
urethra.
epididymis.
inguinal canal.
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Normally, capacitation occurs in sperm:
in the testes.
in the vas deferens.
in the urethra.
after they have been introduced into the vagina of the female.
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
In spermatozoa, a helical arrangement of mitochondria is located in the:
acrosome.
head.
cylindrical middle piece.
tail.
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
As part of the maturation process, the sperm will stay in the epididymis for:
1–3 days.
4–7 days.
1–3 weeks.
1–2 months.
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The duct of the vas deferens is an extension of the:
tail of the epididymis.
urethra.
ejaculatory duct.
seminal vesicles.
11.
The layer which is incomplete since it covers none of the cervix and only part of the body
is called the:
parietal peritoneum.
myometrium.
endometrium.
symphysis pubis.
A.
B.
C.
D.
12.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not a division of the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)?
isthmus
fundus
ampulla
infundibulum
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The process of egg formation is called:
ovulation.
oogenesis.
fertilization.
germination.
14.
The uterus is suspended between two folds of parietal peritoneum that form a partition
across the pelvic cavity. These ligaments are:
round ligaments.
uterosacral ligaments.
anterior and posterior ligaments.
broad ligaments.
A.
B.
C.
D.
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following uterine ligaments forms a deep pouch known as the posterior culde-sac of Douglas?
broad ligaments
uterosacral ligaments
posterior ligament
anterior ligament
16.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is the same as the:
ovulatory phase.
menstrual period.
postmenstrual phase.
postovulatory phase.
17.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The phase of the menstrual cycle that occurs between the expulsion of the ovum and the
onset of menses is the:
proliferative phase.
follicular phase.
luteal phase.
estrogenic phase.
18.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The hormone that causes the follicle to rupture and the egg to be expelled is:
luteinizing hormone (LH).
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
estrogen.
progesterone.
19.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The postmenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle is also called the:
menses.
follicular phase.
preovulatory phase.
luteal phase.
20.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not a synonym for the premenstrual phase?
postovulatory phase
luteal phase
secretory phase
estrogen phase
21.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not a change that occurs in the uterus as blood estrogens
increase during the postmenstrual phase of the cycle?
proliferation of endometrial cells
growth of endometrial glands
increase in myometrial contractions
decrease in water content of the endometrium
22.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The largest amount of progesterone is produced by the:
corpus albicans.
corpus luteum.
primary graafian follicle.
uterus.
23.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The female reproductive system differs from the male reproductive system in that:
it produces gametes.
it provides protection for the developing offspring.
it provides nutrition to the developing offspring.
B and C.
24.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is not part of the primary egg follicle?
germinal epithelium
oocyte
follicular cells
all of the above are part of the primary egg follicle
25.
Which of the following does not contribute to the increase in the thickness of the
endometrium during the endometrial cycle?
growth of the endometrium
fluid retention in the endometrium
endometrial gland growth
all of the above contribute
A.
B.
C.
D.