Psychological Approaches, Experimentation, & Personality
Unit 1 (Chapters 1, 2, 14)
Name ___________________________
Overview & Study Guide
Setting the Purpose:
What do you expect to learn in this introductory Psychology course? You may learn more about yourself and more about
others. Psychologists attempt to explain and predict why people behave, feel, and think as they do. They attempt to learn
ways in which people can improve the quality of life. Throughout time people have proposed different theories to explain
the development of human personality. The burning question remains…What makes us who we are?
Overview:
This unit introduces psychology and its most common research methods as well as personality theories. Chapter 1
explains why it is useful to study Psychology and its various approaches. Chapter 2 discusses the importance of scientific
research to psychology. It introduces the basic techniques used to conduct sound research. Chapter 14 explores the
theories of personality that have been developed by the different schools of psychology.
Terms / Concepts / People:
Chapter 1 – Introducing Psychology
Psychology
Consciousness
Clinical Psychologist
Counseling Psychologist
Psychiatry
Psychoanalytical
Unconscious
Behavioral
Stimulus
Humanistic
Chapter 2 – Psychological Research Methods and Statistics
Scientific Method
Case Study
Hypothesis
Survey
Sample (random vs. stratified)
Longitudinal Study
Theory
Cross-sectional Study
Naturalistic Observation
Correlation
Chapter 14 – Theories of Personality
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Conscious
Preconscious
 Freudian slip
Unconscious
 Id
 Ego
 Superego
Psychosexual Stages
 Oral
 Anal
 Phallic
 Latency
 Genital
Conscious
 Ego
 Persona
Personal Unconscious
 Shadow
 Anima / animus
 Self
Collective
Unconscious
 Archetypes
Alfred Adler
Inferiority
 Striving for
superiority
 Feelings of
inferiority
 Inferiority
complex
 Style of life
 Social interest
Cognitive
Neurobiological
Sociocultural
Experiment
Variable
Experimental Group
Control Group
Placebo Effect
Karen Horney
Carl Rogers
Security
 Basic hostility
 Basic anxiety
Client-Centered
Therapy
 Organism
 Self
 Unconditional
positive regard
 Conditions of
worth
 Full functioning
individual
Coping Mechanisms
 Compliance
 Aggression
 Detachment
Neurotic tendencies
Birth Order
 First
 Youngest
 Middle
 Only