Apuntes de gramática
UNIDAD 1 ETAPA 2 ESPAÑOL 1
FAMILIAR GREETINGS
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FORMAL GREETINGS
¿Cómo estás?
¿Qué tal?
Tú
Use with a friend, a family
member, or someone
younger.
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¿Cómo está usted?
Usted
Use with a person you don’t
know, someone older, or
someone for whom you want
to show respect.
I
yo
Nosotros
nosotras
We (m+F)
you
tú
Vosotros
vosotras
You-Spain
He,she,it,
you-formal
El,ella
usted,it
Ellos,ellas,
ustedes
They(m+F)
You”all
DESCRIBING PEOPLE (SUBJECT PRONOUNS)
DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES
Means “the”
El
la
los
las

Using definite articles with specific things.
Nouns name people,animals,places,or
things.*All spanish nouns have masculine
or femenine genders.
El chico.
 La chica.
When the nouns identify one item, they
are singular,when they identify more than
one item, they are plural. In spanish, the
definite article that accompanies a noun
will match its gender and number.
Indefinite articles: the
gender of a noun must
be learned. Usually
nouns ending with –o are
masculine. Nouns ending
with –a are femenine.
Means: ”a”,or ”an” in English
un
una
unos
unas
SPANISH ADJECTIVES
Adjectives describe nouns.like articles,they match the gender of the nouns
they describe. In spanish,they follow the noun.
 Masculine adjectives end in –O
 Femenine adjectives end in –A .
 Most adjectives that end in –e ,match both genders. Ex:
el chico paciente
La chica paciente.
Same word
 Many adjectives that end with a consonant match both genders.
 Ex: el chico fenomenal.
La chica fenomenal.
 some add an –a to become femenine. These adjectives must be learned.
Ex: el chico trabajador becomes la chica trabajadora.
 Adjectives to describe :NUMBER
 Adjectives must also match the number of nouns they describe. To make an
adjective plural,add “s” if it ends with a vowel and ”es” if it ends with a
consonant. When an adjective describes a group with both genders, the
masculine form of the adjective is used.

Los chicos guapos,divertidos,y fenomenales
Las chicas guapas,divertidas,y fenomenales
El chico y la chica son guapos.