THE GREAT DEPRESSION/ NEW DEAL
IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO:
2 DAY. WRITE THE DAILY QUOTE AND ANSWER THE QUESTION FOR THE DAY.
1) DO THE DQ FOR THE
2) USE THE NOTES TO FILL IN THE BLANKS IN YOUR COPIES OF THE NOTES. (I GET MY COPY BACK).
3)
ANSWER THE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE POWERPOINT
4)
DO THE FDR FEAR SPEECH AND CARTOON QUESTIONS.
2
2
Daily Quote &Question (DQ )
“THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO
FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF!”
-Franklin D. Roosevelt
SONG FOR THE DAY: 1. Brother Can You Spare A Dime?
What did the 18th and 21st amendments do?
2
2
Daily Quote &Question (DQ )
“I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a
new deal for the American people.”
-Franklin D. Roosevelt
SONG FOR THE DAY: 1.“My Man” by Billie Holiday
What were the causes of the crash on October
29, 1929?
2
2
Daily Quote &Question (DQ )
“Watching baseball or softball is not in
the TEKS for AP U.S. History!”
-the State of Texas
SONG FOR THE DAY: Centerfield (Put me in Coach)
How did FDR help farmers and the unemployed
during the New Deal?
Daily Comment & Card
1933
1935
FIRST NEW DEAL
-Began when FDR called a special
session of congress known as the
“Hundred Days”
-Major programs included:
CCC (road construction/flood contol)
NIRA (codes for fair competition)
PWA (road construction, schools,
dams, bridges and other projects)
AAA (farmers decrease production)
SECOND NEW
DEAL
-WPA (work projects for unemployed)
included construction and community
development
-WAGNER ACT/NATIONAL LABOR
RELATIONS ACT (clarified rights of
workers, created oversight board for
management and labor, permitted
collective bargaining)
“THE
ONLY
THING WE
HAVE TO
FEAR IS
FEAR
ITSELF!”
-Franklin
D.
Roosevelt
-SOCIAL SECURITY ACT
(pension for old age and help for
the handicapped)
SONG FOR THE DAY: BROTHER CAN YOU SPARE A DIME?
Daily Comment & Card
1933
FIRST NEW DEAL
-Began when FDR called a special
session of congress known as the
“Hundred Days”
-Major programs included:
CCC (road construction/flood control)
NIRA (codes for fair competition)
PWA (road construction, schools,
“THE
ONLY
THING WE
HAVE TO
FEAR IS
FEAR
ITSELF!”
-Franklin
D.
Roosevelt
dams, bridges and other projects)
AAA (farmers decrease production)
SONG FOR THE DAY: BROTHER CAN YOU SPARE A DIME?
Daily Comment & Card
1935
SECOND NEW
DEAL
-WPA (work projects for unemployed)
included construction and community
development
-WAGNER ACT/NATIONAL LABOR
RELATIONS ACT (clarified rights of
workers, created oversight board for
management and labor, permitted
collective bargaining)
“THE
ONLY
THING WE
HAVE TO
FEAR IS
FEAR
ITSELF!”
-Franklin
D.
Roosevelt
-SOCIAL SECURITY ACT
(pension for old age and help for
the handicapped)
SONG FOR THE DAY: BUILD ME UP BUTTERCUP
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
-LIST AND EXPLAIN THE CAUSES OF THE
GREAT DEPRESSION.
-DESCRIBE HOOVER’S RESPONSE TO THE
DEPRESSION
-EVALUATE FDR’S RESONSE TO THE
DEPRESSION
-EXPLAIN AND DESCRIBE THE AGENCIES
OF THE NEW DEAL
-DEFINE THE “COURT PACKING PLAN”
-ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF THE NEW
DEAL
With the group at your table, answer the following questions (put all of your names &
your answers on the index card):
1. During the 1920s, the group who generally did not prosper were
a)Farmers
b) Wall Street brokers
c) Professionals with college degrees
d) Residents of western cities
2. Which of the following was the focus of a dispute between modernists and traditionists in the 1920s?
a) Ford assembly lines
b) Black Sox Scandal
c) Scopes trial
d) Teapot Dome Scandal
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
A. THE CRASH
B. HOOVER
C. ELECTION OF 1932
D. NEW DEAL
1. FIRST 100 DAYS
2. CRITICS OF NEW DEAL
3. 2ND 100 DAYS
E. ELECTION OF 1936
F. DECLINE OF NEW DEAL
G. MINORITIES & NEW DEAL
A. THE CRASH
OCTOBER 29, 1929 “BLACK TUESDAY”
BOTTOM FALLS OUT OF STOCK MARKET.
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
UNEMPLOYMENT
BANKS & BUSINESSES FAIL
Reasons for the crash…
1. SURFACE WEALTH OF 1920s
2. AGRICULTURAL DEPRESSION
3. MASS CONSUMPTION
4. BAD BANKING PRACTICES
5. OVERPRODUCTION/ MECHANIZATION
ESSENTIALLY, NOT ENOUGH MONEY TO BUY
CONSUMER GOODS AVAILABLE!!
B. HOOVER
 HOPED VOLUNTARY ACTION/PRIVATE
CHARITY WOULD SOLVE PROBLEM
 ENCOURAGED STATE & CITY GOVERNMENTS
TO SPEND
 REJECTED FEDERAL GOV’T TAKING DIRECT
ACTION TO PROVIDE RELIEF
HOOVER SET UP THE RFC
(RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION)
IT WAS SUPPOSED TO PUMP MONEY INTO
BUSINESS WHICH WOULD “TRICKLE” DOWN TO
THE EMPLOYEES.
HE WAS HURT BY:
-THE FARM HOLIDAY
IOWA FARMERS LED BY MILO RENO KEEP
PRODUCTS OFF MARKET (PUBLIC IS ANGRY & HURT)
-BONUS MARCH
WWI VETERANS CALL FOR PROMISED “ENDOWMENT
POLICIES” IN SPRING OF 1932. 12 TO 15 THOUSAND
SET UP CAMP AT ANACOSTIA FLATS. SENATE REFUSED
TO AID AND ENVENTUALLY THE ARMY DROVE OUT
2,000 REMAINING WITH THE CAVALRY, TANKS, AND
TEAR GAS.
C. ELECTION OF 1932
HOOVER VS. FDR
CALLS FOR CUTS IN GOVERNMENT
SPENDING
CALLS FOR BALANCED BUDGET
AID TO FARMERS
OLD AGE PENSIONS
STOCK MARKET REG
UNEMPLOYMENT COMP
BANKING REFORM
REPEAL OF PROHIBITION
UNEMPLOYMENT = 10 TO 11 MILLION!!
DEMOCRATIC VICTORY IS ASSURED!!
ROOSEVELT WINS WITH 28 MILLION
POPULAR VOTES, 472 ELECTORAL COLLEGE
VOTES (HOOVER HAD 59).
DEMOCRATS CONTROL BOTH HOUSES
“THE ONLY THING
WE HAVE TO FEAR IS
FEAR ITSELF!”
20TH AMENDMENT
(LAME DUCK) NOW HAS
THE INAUGURATION
DATE AS JAN 20…
TAKES OATH OF OFFICE MARCH 4, 1933
SEVERE DROUGHT IN THE EARLY 1930s RUINED
CROPS IN THE GREAT PLAINS. THE REGION
BECAME KNOWN AS THE DUST BOWL. POOR
FARMING AND HIGH WINDS BLEW AWAY
MILLIONS OF TONS OF DRIED TOPSOIL. MANY
MIGRATED WESTWARD TO CALIFORNIA
STEINBECK-GRAPES OF WRATH
D. NEW DEAL
1. FIRST 100 DAYS
FOCUS IS ON “RELIEF & RECOVERY”
CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC)
YOUNG MEN –REFORRESTRY, FLOOD CONTROL, WW2 PREP
FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ACT (FERA)
MATCHING FUNDS FOR CITY/STATE
AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT (AAA)
SUBSIDIES TO DECREASE PRODUCTION (NO TENANT/SHARECROPPERS)
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA)
DEVELOPED ELECTRICITY MEASURE FOR RIVER VALLEY
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT (NIRA)
BLUE EAGLE “WE DO OUR PART”
PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION (PWA)
[DAMS, POST OFFICES, HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS, ETC)
2. CRITICS OF NEW DEAL
 DR. FRANCIS TOWNSEND
OLD AGES PENSION OF $200 A MONTH WITH 30 DAYS TO SPEND
(OVER 60)
 FATHER CHARLES COUGHLIN
“RADIO PRIEST”- NATIONAL UNION FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE-DENOUNCED FDR,
JEWS, COMMIES—WANTED TO NATIONALIZE BANKS
 HUEY LONG “KINGFISH”
“SHARE OUR WEALTH”
$2,000 PER PERSON
ASSASSINATED SEPTEMBER 1935
$5,000 TO EACH FAMILY,
3. 2ND 100 DAYS
FOCUS IS ON “REFORM”
WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION (WPA)
ALSO HELPS WRITERS, ARTISTS, MUSICIANS
NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION
PROVIDES JOBS, KEEPS THEM IN SCHOOL
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ACT
SOCIAL SECURITY
ALSO PROVIDES AID TO HANDICAPPED
& DEPENDENT CHILDREN
E. 1936 ELECTION
DEMOCRATIC= FDR
REPUBLICAN = ALFRED LANDON
ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE IS 523 TO 8…
FDR HAD SOLID SOUTH, CATHOLICS,
JEWS, FARMERS, URBAN CENTERS,
AFRICAN-AMERICANS…
DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY IN CONGRESS INCREASED…
F. DECLINE OF THE NEW DEAL
THE COURT PACKING PLAN WAS A BAD ONE…
NIRA & AAA DECLARED
UNCONSTITUTIONAL/ FDR ASKED (1937)
CONGRESS TO ADD FEDERAL JUDGES AND
ONE SUPREME COURT JUSTICE FOR EACH
OVER 70 (6)!!
1937-1939 RETIRMENT OR DEATH
MEANT 4 NEW APPOINTMENTS,
BY 1941 HE HAD 7…
DECLINE SHOWS IN ELECTION OF 1938
NO LONGER DOMINATES CONGRESS/ AGENCY CUT BACKS
G. MINORITIES AND NEW DEAL
1. WOMEN
MOST LEFT WORK FORCE. EXCLUDED FROM
MOST AGENCIES.
FRANCIS PERKINS (SEC OF LABOR) 1ST FEMALE CABINET
HATTIE CARAWAY (ARK) 1ST ELECTED SENATOR
2. AFRICAN-AMERICANS
NEVER DIRECTLY ADDRESSED, BUT INCLUDED
(CCC= 200,000-SEGREGATED; WPA & NYA)
3. NATIVE-AMERICANS
ABANDONED DAWES SEVERALTY ACT, BACK ON
RESERVATIONS.
4. MEXICAN-AMERICANS
NO HELP FOR MIGRANT WORKERS. SOME HELPED BY WPA.
RESTRICTED IMMIGRATION, NON-CITIZENS DEPORTED.
WAGNER ACT
(NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT—GUARANTEED A WORKER’S RIGHT TO
JOIN A UNION & UNIONS RIGHT TO BARGAIN COLLECTIVELY
FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT
PROVIDED FOR MINIMUM WAGE, MAX WORK WEEK AND CHILD LABOR LAWS
UNDER 16
FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES COMMITTEE
SET UP BY EXECUTIVE ORDER (1941) TO ASSIST MINORITES IN GAINING JOBS IN DEFENCE
INDUSTRIES. SET UP AFTER A. PHILIP RANDOLPH THREATENS MARCH ON WASHINGTON
INDIAN REORGANIZATION ACT
(WHEELER-HOWARD ACT) RETRUNED LANDS TO CONTROL OF NATIVE
AMERICAN TRIBES. REPLACED DAWES ACT.
THE NEW DEAL…
DID NOT END THE DEPRESSION
KEPT MANY GOING
IMPORTANT LEGISLATION: SOCIAL SECURITY
MINIMUM WAGE
FDIC
REVIVED SPIRIT & CONFIDENCE, HOPE
HELPED PEOPLE SURVIVE!!
EXPANDED FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
WW2 PULLED US OUT!!!
THE CCC HAD PREPARED MANY FOR MILITARY SERVICE
DORTHEA LANGE became well known for her
photographs during the Depression. Much of her work
was done for the Farm Security Administration. Her
work humanized the consequences of the Great
Depression…