Fundamentals of Nursing:
Standards & Practices, 2E
Chapter 34
Mobility
Overview of Mobility
Body Alignment refers to the
position of body parts in relation to
each other.
Body Mechanics
• Range of motion reflects the extent to
which a joint can move.
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Physiology of Mobility
The Musculoskeletal System
• Review Table 34-1 on the
musculoskeletal system components
Nervous System
• Proprioception
• Postural Reflexes
 Review Table 34-3 on reflexes that
maintain postural tonus
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Exercise
Types of Exercises
• Range-of-Motion Exercise
Physical Fitness
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Endurance and Strength
Joint Flexibility
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Body Composition
Fitness in Older Adults
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Factors Affecting Mobility
Health Status
Developmental Stage
• Children
• Adolescents
• Adults
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Environment
• Review Nursing Tip on ensuring home
safety
Attitudes and Beliefs
Lifestyle
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Physiological Effects of
Mobility and Immobility
Neurological Effects
Cardiovascular Effects
Respiratory Effects
Musculoskeletal Effects
Digestive Effects
Elimination Effects
Integumentary Effects
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Assessment
Health History
Physical Examination
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Musculoskeletal Assessment
Movement and Gait
Alignment
Endurance
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• Pathological Alterations
• Neurological Assessment
• Functional Assessment
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Nursing Diagnosis
NANDA-approved diagnoses
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Activity Intolerance
Impaired Physical Mobility
Risk of Disuse Syndrome
Self-Care Deficits
Altered Health Maintenance
Risks for Falls
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Planning and Outcome
Identification
Bed Rest
Restorative Nursing Care
Health Promotion and Fitness
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Implementation
Meeting Psychosocial Needs
Applying Principles of Body
Mechanics
• Review Procedure 34-1 on practicing
proper body mechanics
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Maintaining Body Alignment:
Positioning
• Review Procedure 34-2 on positioning
a client in bed
• Review Procedure 34-3 on performing
range-of-motion (ROM) exercises
Transfer Techniques
• Moving Clients
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• Review Procedure 34-4 on moving a
client in bed
• Review Procedure 34-5 on logrolling a
client
• Transferring from Bed to Chair
• Review Procedure 34-6 on transferring
a client from bed to chair
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Splints
• Transferring from Bed to Stretcher
• Review Procedure 34-7 on transferring
a client from bed to stretcher with
minimum assistance
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• Review Procedure 34-8 on transferring
a client from bed to stretcher with
maximum assistance
• Assistive Devices
• Review Procedure 34-9 on using a
hydraulic (mechanical) lift
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Assisting with Ambulation
• Preparing the Client to Walk
• Review Procedure 34-10 on assisting a
client with ambulation
• Assistive Devices
• Review Table 34-17 on assistive
devices for ambulation
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• Review Procedure 34-11 on assisting a
client with crutch walking
Wellness Promotion
Complementary Treatment
Modalities
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Evaluation
Measures of physical assessment,
functional assessment, and performance
of ADLs are used for follow-up evaluation
of client’s status for activity and mobility.
Ongoing assessment of client’s activity
and mobility is important because
compliance with home exercise programs
may lessen over time after discharge.
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The nurse should observe the client in
the home setting to note the client’s
ability to function within his or her own
environment .
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