Name:
Date:
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Today’s Catalyst 1/27/14
Answer the following question using your Wave Tope 12 Notes:
1. Draw and label a transverse and longitudinal wave.
2. What is a medium?
Substance through which a wave can travel (solid, liquid, or gas)
3. Draw an example of reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
Waves Cornell Notes
Question or Main Idea
Define a wave.
Examples:
Answer or Definition
A wave is a periodic disturbance in a solid, liquid, or gas as
energy is transmitted through a medium or travels through
space.
Examples of waves includes mechanical waves,
electromagnetic, longitudinal (compression waves), surface
waves, and standing waves.
What do waves transfer? Waves transfer energy.
What is a medium?
Medium is the substance through which a wave can travel
Name:
What types of waves
required a medium?
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(solid, liquid, or gas)…medium is singular…media is plural
Mechanical waves require a medium. Sound and seismic
waves are examples of mechanical waves.
Give examples of these
waves.
What are
Electromagnetic waves?
Electromagnetic waves DO NOT require a medium to
travel. Visible light and microwaves are examples of
electromagnetic waves.
Give examples of these
waves.
What are the 2 types of
waves?
What are the
characteristics of a
transverse wave?
Examples:
What is the crest ?
The two types of waves are transverse waves and
longitudinal (compression) waves.
Transverse waves contain crests (the high point of the
wave) and troughs (the low point of the wave).
(Looks like a rope being moved.)
Examples of transverse waves are water waves, radio
waves, microwave, infrared waves, visible waves, ultraviolet
waves, x-ray, and gamma-ray.
The crest of the wave is from the point of rest to the top.
Name:
What is the trough?
Define wavelength.
What is the amplitude?
What are the
characteristics of a
longitudinal wave?
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The trough of the wave is from the point of rest to the
bottom.
Wavelength is the distance from crest to crest or trough
to trough, measured the same in both type of waves.
Amplitude is the height of a wave from rest position. It
can be measured from rest position to the top of the crest
or rest position to the bottom of the wave.
Longitudinal waves contain compressions (areas where the
coils are tightly pressed together) and rarefactions (areas
where the coils are spread apart).
(Looks like a slinky or spring.)
Examples of longitudinal (compression waves) include
sound,
What are compressions? Compressions are areas in the wave where the coils are
tightly pressed together.
What are rarefactions?
Rarefactions are areas in the wave where the coils are
spread apart.
Label both on the
diagram above!
Examples:
How are surface waves
formed?
Larger amplitude =
Draw an example of
amplitude and
wavelength.
Surface waves are formed through a combination of
longitudinal and transverse waves.
The larger the amplitude, the shorter the wave length.
Amplitude is the height of a wave from rest position.
Amplitude can be measured from rest position to the crest
or rest position to the bottom of trough.
Wavelength is the distance from crest to crest or trough
to trough.
Name:
Define Frequency.
The unit for frequency is
Higher frequency =
Define wave speed.
How is it calculated (2
ways)?
What does wave speed
depend on?
PRACTICE!!
** HW sheet coming!**
Define Reflection.
Define refraction.
More on Reflection…
Examples…
Date:
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Frequency is the number of waves produced in a given
amount of time.
Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz)
Higher frequency = more energy
Lower frequency = less energy
Speed is the rate at which a wave travels.
To calculate speed choose one of the following:
Option 1 – multiply wavelength times frequency
Option 2 – divide distance by time
Measured in METERS PER SECOND
Speed depends on distance and time.
Reflection is when waves bounce back after hitting a
barrier.
Refraction is the bending of a wave as the wave goes from
one medium to another at an angle.
An example of reflection is a sound wave echo, moon light
hitting trees, or the motion a drop of water makes inside
the cup.
Reflection drawing!
More on Refraction…
Refraction is how we see a rainbow using a prism or after a
rain shower. This is caused by the wave changing speed as
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Examples…
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it changes medium.
An example of refraction is a rainbow, or light passing
through a prism.
Refraction drawing!!
Define diffraction.
Define absorption.
Diffraction is bending waves around a barrier or through
an opening. **Diffraction is why you can hear music before
you see it.
Absorption is the transfer of light energy to particles of
matter like soaking up energy/waves.
Drawing of absorption!
More in diffraction…
Examples…
The amount of diffraction of a wave depends on its
wavelength and the size of the barrier or opening the wave
encounters.
An example of diffraction is the bright ring around a
bright light, or a shadow of a solid object, or the rainbow
you see.
Diffraction drawing!
Define interference.
The 2 kinds are…
Interference is the combination of two or more waves that
results in a single wave.
The two kinds of interference are constructive and
destructive interference.
Name:
What is constructive
interference?
Examples…
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Constructive interference happens when the crests of one
wave overlap the crests of another wave or waves. The
energy from the waves is able to combine giving it a larger
amplitude.
An example of constructive interference is the sound
made from an orchestra.
Draw a picture!
Define destructive
interference.
Examples…
Destructive interference happens when the crests of one
wave and the trough from another over-lap, decreasing the
amplitude and possibly destroying the wave.
Examples of destructive interference include headphones,
auditoriums, musical instruments, and echos.
Draw a picture!
What is resonance?
Example…
**Waves Review Sheet
for HW!!**
Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when two objects
naturally vibrate at the same frequency; the sound
produced by one object causes the other object to
vibrate.
An example of resonance is when you sing in the shower,
certain frequencies create standing waves in the air that
fills the shower stall.
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Summary!
Choose 3 to answer…
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2)
3)
4)
5)
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