American Expansion
1787-1861
America establishes its boundaries
On map, label year of statehood on every state.
Write the below underlined material on top right corner of map.
Factors affecting
westward expansion

Geographic and economic factors that
influenced westward movement
– Population growth in the eastern states
– Availability of cheap, fertile land
– Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Rush),
logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves)
– Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals
(Erie Canal), steamboats
– Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe)
– Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that
expansion was for the good of the country and was the
right of the country (US WOULD STRETCH FROM
ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC!!!!)
American Expansion
NEw territories added
to the United States
after 1787

Put above title in Center above map.
Fill in underlined material on first fold of Westward Expansion Paper
Northwest Ordinance

Established an orderly procedure/set of
principles for region to achieve statehood.
– Westward Migration (unlimited opportunity for
settlement of farms & towns)
– Slavery- no slavery; every time we add a state,
issue of slavery comes up
– Public Education- set aside land for public schools,
began trend for public education
– Additon of new states: sets up a procedure for
becoming a new states
Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois,
Ohio, & Indiana
Color these states red & label NW
Territory… Pinstripe red lines for
Colonial America. Create a Color
Key at bottom of map.


Decide if the South favored the
Northwest Ordinance.
Decide why Dr. Page would favor the
Northwest Ordinance.
Post-Revolutionary America
The Louisiana Purchase


Jefferson thought about fighting Spanish for
Louisiana region, but then France overtook
region….Jefferson didn’t want to fight Napolean, so
offered to buy property…Napolean needed the cash
to fight war in Europe
Jefferson bought land from Napolean of
(the Louisiana Purchase)
France

Doubled the size of the United States.

$15 million
In the Lewis and Clark expedition,
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
explored the Louisiana Purchase from
the Mississippi River to the Pacific
Ocean.
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Corps of Discovery: 28 months, 8000 miles to
Pacific
Sacagawea, Shoshone, saved them.
MAJOR GOAL: Learn about Geography, natural
resources, animals & plants
Make contact with , in a nice way, Native Americans
Search for a water route to Pacific
Draw in Outward Journey of Lewis & Clark Expedition in
dark pen or marker & label on map with a key on bottom.
Start in St. Louis, label St. Louis, & draw a small arch.
Color in the Louisiana Purchase light green
(following the lightly lined states underneath)
& label Louisiana Purchase.
War of 1812

Why it matters?
– It ushered in a spirit of Nationalism in the
U.S., that expanded trade & westward
movement!

Humiliated by British interference with
American trade, impressments, &
support for Indian attacks on settlers,
USA heads to war…again with our tiny
army & small navy we go back to war
with our ex-girlfirend, Britian…
What were the EVENTS of the War of 1812?
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1. Failed invasion of Canada (Jefferson got this one
wrong)
2. The little American Navy faired pretty well (to
the surprise of everyone)
3. Andrew Jackson defeats native Americans in
Alabama & Florida, getting Pensacola…PC here we
come…Say thanks to A. Jackson!
4. Burning of the White House
5. Poem by Francis Scott Key….”Oh, say can you
see”
6. A. Jackson victorious for US at the Battle of New
Orleans (71 Americans die compared to 2036
British)….Mardi Gras here we come!
7. Treaty of Ghent signed too late.
EFFECTS of the War of 1812



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1. No change in territory
2. No formal statement on the issue
of impressments
3. Temporarily ended Indian
resistance east of Miss. River
4. America is unified….NATIONALISM!
Other Territories

Convention of 1818- . As a further follow-up to the Treaty
of Ghent U.S. & Britain decide:
– 3 Major decisions:
1. Part of Minnesota & North Dakota (Part of
Louisiana Territory
 2. Fishing Rights
 3. Joint Occupation of Oregon


Shade in the Northern part of Minnesota &
North Dakota brown & label Convention of
1818
Other Territories

Adams-Onís Treaty : Secretary of State John Quincy
Adams and Spanish minister to Washington Luis de Onís
addressed two major problems: Georgians want to end
Seminole raids, and the Spanish wanted to clearly define
the boundary between Mexico and the Louisiana
Purchase.
– Spain was not in a strong bargaining position since many of its
colonies were in open revolt. This weakness brought favorable
terms to the United States. Major provisions included:


Florida, parts of Alabama & Mississipi & part of Oregon north to 42degrees
Color Florida & Southern part of AL & MS light blue & label
Adams-Onis Treaty & put on color key.
USA IS TALKING BIG! SUPERPOWER HERE WE COME.
Write this term & def on bottom of map side.
Monroe Doctrine

In 1823, President James Monroe issued the MONROE
DOCTRINE. It put Europe on notice that the USA
wouldn’t tolerate any additional European colonies in
North America.
– Although, we did not have the military might to back it up, it
became the basis for the US foreign policy in the Western
Hemisphere.
– MAIN PURPOSE: KEEP EUROPE
OUT OF THE WESTERN
HEMISPHERE!!!
Other Territories
How did the revolution in Texas lead to a war with
Mexico?

Mexican Province of Texas most
vulnerable to American Expansion.
Why?
– Closest to U.S.
– Small population of Hispanics, Tejanos
– Mexico decides to combat expansion, by
welcoming American emigrants if they converted
to Catholicism, No Slaves, & bought
land….36,000 American did this…good at first,
but then went sour
Things go sour in Texas & the Texans revolt from Mexico
Lone Star Republic, “Remember the Alamo”, Led
by Sam Houston, Texas wins indepence, & Soon
asked to be annexed by U.S.

Annexation of Texas in 1845– Texas gains their independence from Mexico &
becomes a state after winning Texas War of
Independence.

Enters as a slave state….ugh.
– Color Southern portion of Texas yellow and label
on color key.

Oregon– To win presidency, James Polk who
wanted to annex Texas, could only get
northern support if he promised to annex
Oregon as a non-slave state to appease
the North….to avoid war with two
countries, England & Mexico, Polk made a
deal with Britain to split Oregon on 49th
parallel…ticked off north
Final Seventh Block….
– Mexican Cession, 1848, US defeats Mexico &
wins Mexican war…we’ll leave Mexico City, but
get California, New Mexico…
– Gadsen Purchase, 1853, US Buys land from
Mexico for $10million…to make a transcontintental railroad from ocean to ocean
Copy map & color Oregon dk blue & label on map
& color key & color Cali area orange & label on
map

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AGAIN>>>WHY GO WEST?
Factors affecting westward
expansion

Geographic and economic factors that
influenced westward movement
– Population growth in the eastern states
– Availability of cheap, fertile land
– Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Rush),
logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves)
– Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals
(Erie Canal), steamboats
– Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe)
– Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that
expansion was for the good of the country and was the
right of the country

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
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NW Ordinance lets Americans go west!
No to slaves, yes to school & statehood is the best.
Louisiana Purchase doubles our size for a cool $15 mill,
now the French have nowhere in the bayou they can eat gumbo & chill.
Convention of 1818 comes after 1812, where Brit & US were dishin,
now they settled some Minnesota land so Americans can go fishin’
Adams-Onis means spring break & lets Americans head to PC
JQ Adams got the beach from Spain & that’s how Florida came to be.
Polk gets elected if he goes for Oregon & no slaves & Texas, slaves are
swell,
To avoid war with Britain, he splits Oregon on the 49th parallel…
Houston leads the Lonestar to become a state, leading America into war
with Mexico, but Snoop & Katy & Cali will soon be our fate…
Reform Movements
Goal by Abolitionists

Abolitionist movement
– Free slaves b/c it was morally
wrong, cruel & inhumane and it
violates democracy
People of the Movement
Harriet Tubman
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Supported the
secret route, or
Underground
Railroad, that
helped escaped
southern slaves to
reach northern
free states.
Frederick Douglass
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Former Slave
Escaped slavery and
became an
abolitionist.
Isabel Sojourner Truth
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Suffragist and Abolitionist
Was born a slave and
worked for equal rights for
women as well as for the
end of slavery
William Lloyd Garrison
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Abolitionist leader
Believed that slavery was
immoral and demanded
that slaves be
immediately freed
Impact:

Made Americans address the issue of
slavery….couldn’t brush off the topic
or ignore it any longer….comes to a
head leading to the Civil War over
States’ Rights & 10th Amendment
Women’s Movement
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GOAL:
Suffrage movement
– Supporters declared that “All men and women
are created equal.”
– Supporters believed that women were
deprived of basic rights.
 Denied the right to vote, educational
opportunites
 Denied equal opportunities in business
 Limited in rights to own property
Susan B. Anthony
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Supporter of the suffrage
movement
Declared that women
and men are entitled to
the same rights in all
areas of life, including
the right to vote and own
property
Isabel Sojourner Truth
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Suffragist and Abolitionist
Was born a slave and
worked for equal rights for
women as well as for the
end of slavery
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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Leader of the
Suffrage
Movement
Worked closely
with Susan B.
Anthony
Wrote The Seneca
Falls Declaration
Temperance Movement

Goal– End alcohol abuse & all problems
associated with alcohol abuse
– They believed drinking alcohol leads
to violence, crime, sickness &
neglected families
Important People
Temperance Movement
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Pro-Prohibition- ban alcohol
altogether
Pro-Moderation- restrict alcohol, drink
in moderation
Neal Dow- “Maine Law”, first to restrict
alcohol sales
Impact of Temperance
Movement

Laws/ restrictions on alcohol
– Drinking age
– No sales on Sunday in GA
Transcendentalist
Movement
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GoalDeveloped new way to look at
humanity
Listen to nature, not religious doctrine
Transcendentalists
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Ralph Waldo Emerson- Wrote “The
Dial”
Henry David Thoreau- defended civil
disobedience, if it goes against
conscience, it is ok to break the law
Impact of
Transcendentalism

Inspiration to later leaders who fought
for civil rights around the world,
including MLK, Jr.
Utopian Societies

Goal- Distance themselves from
society by setting up communities
based on unusual ways of sharing
property, labor, & family
Utopian Groups

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Brookfarm- Robert Owen- People of
different backgrounds work together
Shakers- No children, men & women
live separately, create well-made
furniture

Impact- Shaker’s created high quality
crafts & farm produce
Jacksonian Democracy

Andrew Jackson….Where did we
hear about him?

Served as President
from 1829-1837
A. PRESIDENT JACKSON
1828-1836
1.
BACKGROUND
a. Born poor and became a rich man
b. 1st President since George Washington
who didn’t go to college
c. Hero of the Battle of New Orleans
Expanded Power of President
(Executive Branch)

How?
– Encouragement of all social
classes (rich & poor) to have
power to vote
– Defied Supreme Court &
removed Cherokee Indians
from GA even after told no
(Trail of Tears was forbidden
by Supreme Court)
Expanded Power of President
(Executive Branch)

The policy was upheld by the
Supreme Court in the case of
Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia,
but, when Chief Justice John Marshall
ruled in Worcester v. Georgia that the
Indians retained certain rights in their
own lands, Jackson is said to have
retorted, “John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce it.”
Jackson- expanding his power
cont.
Spoils System- Political
support=jobs in the
government (fishy)
Force Bill- Jackson had
the right to use force to
enforce Federal laws…big
with South & States’
rights!