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Chapter Summary
Section 1: A New Industrial Revolution
After the Civil War, industry grew rapidly: the
national government encouraged growth, western
developers discovered natural resources, and
railroads carried raw materials to the factories in
the east. Inventions such as the telephone,
electric power plant, and car revolutionized life in
America.
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Chapter Summary (continued)
Section 2: Big Business and Organized Labor
In order to raise capital for new businesses,
entrepreneurs began to form corporations.
Carnegie and Rockefeller formed trusts to limit
competition. As industry grew, working conditions
became more dangerous, work hours increased,
and pay decreased. Workers attempted to form
unions to demand improvements, but violent
strikes made unions unpopular.
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Chapter Summary (continued)
Section 3: Cities Grow and Change
The growth of industrial jobs encouraged people
to move from the farm to the cities. Besides jobs,
cities offered department stores, sporting events,
museums, parks, and theaters. However, life in
the city also had its problems, such as
overcrowding, fire, and disease.
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Chapter Summary (continued)
Section 4: The New Immigrants
Economic opportunities and the idea of freedom
pulled immigrants to the United States; however,
immigrants had to adjust to a new language and a
new form of government. They quickly assimilated
and contributed culturally and economically to
their new country. Despite immigrants’ successes,
some Americans demanded a halt in immigration.
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Chapter Summary (continued)
Section 5: Education and Culture
After 1870, states began to pass compulsory
education laws. As Americans became more
educated, the newspaper industry grew rapidly.
Americans also enjoyed reading dime novels and
literature by Jack London, Kate Chopin, and Mark
Twain.
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Industry and Urban Growth
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