Iclicker Mineral and Rock Book
Reviews
Question 1
Which of the following is not
a characteristic of a
mineral? What are the 5
characteristics of a
mineral?
A. Naturally occurring
B. Organic
C. Solid
D. Specific Chemical
Composition
E. Definite crystalline
Structure
The five Characteristics of a
mineral are
• Naturally occurring
• Inorganic (meaning it
was never alive or that it
doesn’t contain carbon
and hydrogen bonds
• Solid
• Specific Chemical
Composition
• Definite crystalline
Structure
Cubic
Question 2
What must a carbonate
mineral contain?
A. Silicon and oxygen
B. metallic element with
the carbonate
compound
C. Iron and oxygen
D. Metal element and
sulfur.
E. Carbonate and oxygen
– Carbonates, a type of
mineral are;
– composed of one or
more metallic elements
with the carbonate
compound CO3.
– the primary mineral
found in rocks such as
limestone and marble.
Question 3
Which is the least useful
characteristic in
identifying mineral
types?
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Hardness
D. Color
E. Luster
Even
Color
thoughis
these
one
mineral
of the
samples
least
are not the
same color,
they are both
quartz.
Amethyst
is
reliable
clues
to
a
quartz that is purple. The purple color of the
mineral’s
quartz comes
from a tinyidentity
amount of iron in the
crystal. The iron in quartz is a chemical impurity
trace
elements
because–it is not
normally
found in or
quartz. The
white quartz on
the left appears
slightlyapurple
compounds
within
only because it is on a purple background.
mineral can change its
color.
Question 4
What mineral property is
being illustrated in the
following picture?
Fracture is the ability of minerals to break with
A.rough,
Streak
arclike,
or jagged edges.
Conchoidal - a 'shell-like', convex or concave
B. Hardness
fracture displaying curved fracture or
undulation rings concentric to the point of
C.
Cleavage
impact and lines or fractures radial from the
pointD.
of impact,
as in quartz, flint and
Fracture
obsidian.
• Cleavage some minerals split
easily and evenly along one or
more flat planes.
• It is caused by tendency of a
mineral to split in certain
preferred directions when
struck. These directions are
parallel to sheets of atoms in the
mineral's atomic lattice.
Question 5
What mineral
characteristic is being
illustrated in the
following picture.
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Hardness
D. Color
E. Luster
Streak is the color of the fine powder of
a mineral obtained by scratching or
rubbing against a hard white
surface. Usually glazed porcelain.
•
Sometimes, a mineral’s streak
does not match the mineral’s
external color
Question 6
The Moh’s scale which gives
each mineral a rating that
ranges from 1-10 where a
10 can scratch all other #s
is related to which
mineral property.
A. Streak
B. Cleavage
C. Hardness
D. Color
E. Luster
Hardness is a measure of how
easily a mineral can
be scratched.
– one of the most useful
and reliable tests for
identifying minerals
Question 7
What is one of the key parts of
a mineral deposit being
classified as an ore?
A. It’s rarity
B. It’s beauty and clarity
C. It’s usefulness alone
D. It’s ability to be extracted
for profit
E. It’s weight
• An ore is a mineral that
contains a useful substance
that can be mined at a
profit.
• If the cost of separating
waste material from ore
becomes higher than the
value of the ore itself, then
the mineral is no longer
considered to be an ore.
– The classification of a
mineral as an ore may also
change if the supply of or
demand for that mineral
changes.
Question 8
What is the process of
creating useful
landscapes that meet a
variety of goals, typically
creating productive
ecosystems from mined
land?
A. Recycling
B. Conservation
C. Grading
D. Reperations
E. Reclamation
•
•
•
•
In reclamation waste dumps or mine
sites are contoured to flatten them
out, to further stabilize them against
erosion.
They are covered with topsoil, and
vegetation is planted to help
consolidate the material.
This helps runoff move slower over
the land and create less erosion in
the area.
Depending on the situation and
desired use it could then be used as a
natural area again.
Question 9
What would the rock
type be for section
“B”?
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. Clastic
E. Foliated
Question 10
Both of the following pictures are
of igneous rocks. When
comparing the two the first
one the left would be what
type of classification?
A. Clastic
B. Foliated
C. Non-foliated
D. Intrusive
E. Extrusive
• Extrusive - fine-grained igneous
rocks that cool quickly on Earth’s
surface.
• Intrusive - coarse-grained igneous
rocks that cool slowly beneath
Earth’s surface.
• By cooling under the Earth’s
surface intrusive rocks have
longer to cool which allows more
time for crystal grains to collect
and creates a grainer appearance.
Question 11
Both of the following pictures are of
igneous rocks. When comparing
the two the first one the left
would be what type of
classification?
A. Mafic
B. Felsic
C. Foliated
D. Non-foliated
E. Clastic
Igneous rocks are classified by what
minerals they contain and their
specific density a product of
those minerals.
Felsic rocks are light-colored minerals
that are higher in silica contents
and are lighter elements.
Mafic rocks are dark-colored, have
lower silica contents, and are rich
in iron and magnesium which are
heaver and denser elements .
Question 12
Which of the following are not
one of the classifications of
sedimentary rocks?
A. Clastic
B. Chemical
C. Organic
D. Crystalized
E. B and D
•
•
•
•
•
The classification of sedimentary rocks is
based on how they were formed.
Clastic rocks are formed from deposits of
loose sediments that are cemented
together.
Chemical rocks are formed during
chemical weathering, minerals can be
dissolved and carried into lakes and
oceans. Then when that water evaporates
or becomes saturated (water can’t hold
any more dissolved minerals) the crystal
grains precipitate out of solution and
settle to the bottom and cement together.
Organic sedimentary rocks are formed
from the remains of once-living things.
Over long periods of time, thick layers of
vegetation slowly accumulate in swamps
and coastal areas and are buried and
compressed into rocks.
Question 13
If a rock completely melts
can it form a
metamorphic rock still?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Maybe
•
Metamorphic rock
forms when high
temperature and high
pressure alter:
1. Texture
2. Type of minerals
3. Chemical composition
•
However they do not
completely melt they
are just altered by the
high heat.
Question 14
With plate tectonic movement and
the covergence of two plates
where subduction occurs over a
large area what kind of
metamorphism is taking place?
A. Felsic
B. Mafic
C. Regional
D. Contact
E. Chemical
When high temperature and
pressure affect large regions crust
regional metamorphism is taking
place.
• This can take place over whole
plate boundaries for 100 to 1000
of miles.
Contact metamorphism affects a
much smaller area than reg.
meta.
1. Rocks in contact with magma are
heated.
2. Heated rocks expand resulting in
increased pressure
3. Heat and increased pressure
causes recrystallization of
minerals.
Question 15
Both of the following
pictures are of
metamorphic rocks.
When comparing the
two the first one the left
would be what type of
classification?
A. Mafic
B. Felsic
C. Foliated
D. Non-foliated
E. Clastic
Foliated metamorphic rocks are
characterized by wavy layers and
bands of minerals.
• Foliated metamorphic rock banding
and regrouping of its mineral
constituents as a result of enormous
pressures and heat. The banding
forms perpendicularly to the
direction of pressure. The pressure is
usually related to tectonic plate
collisions.
Nonfoliated lack mineral grains with long
axes in one direction.
–
Nonfoliated rock minerals form
with blocky crystal shapes.