Drill – 3/26/08
What are the conditions of STP?
2. What volume is equivalent to
one mole at STP?
3. How many molecules are in 4.04
g of H2?
1.
Drill – 3/27/08
 Carbon
monoxide combines with oxygen
to form carbon dioxide. What volume of
carbon dioxide is formed from 27 L of
oxygen gas?
Drill – 3/30/11
 What
is a solution? Give 2 examples.
Drill – 3/31/11
 What
would you do to speed up how fast a
solute dissolves in a solvent?
Drill – 4/4/11
 Draw
three beakers in each phase of
solution: unsaturated, saturated, and
supersaturated.
Solutions
Chapter 12
 Solution:
a homogenous mixture of
substances.
Examples: milk, salt water, gasoline, alloys
 Suspension:
a heterogeneous mixture
of substances.
Example: Muddy Water, all the mud will settle
out of the water when at rest.
 Colloid:
a heterogeneous mixture with
very small particles that do not settle.
Example: mayo, gelatin, foam
The Components of a Solution:
Solute – what is
being dissolved,
usually a solid
but can be a gas
or liquid as well.
Solvent – the
medium the
solute dissolves
in, usually water.
What if the solute isn’t solid?
 Miscible
– Mixable, two liquids can blend
together
 Immiscible – unmixable, two liquids which
cannot mix.
 Alloy – when two or more metals mix.
This occurs at very high temps.
Solubility: the ability of a solute to
dissolve in a solvent.
 won’t dissolve
 Partly Soluble  partially dissolves
 Soluble  totally dissolves
 Insoluble
Degrees of how much solute has
been dissolved:
 unsaturated
 below maximum
dissolvable threshold
 saturated  solute is at the maximum
threshold
 supersaturated  more solute is in the
solution than dissolvable. Sometimes
crystallization will occur for specific
compounds.
Electrolytes?
– substances that dissolve in
water to give a solution that conducts
electric current. IONS!
 Non-electrolytes – substance that do not
conduct electric current when dissolved in
water. Molecules!
 Electrolytes
 Video
clip!
 In
your notes, draw three beakers in each
phase of solution: unsaturated, saturated,
and supersaturated.
 Compare
your drawings with the person
sitting next to you – make sure they make
sense to both of you.
Alka-seltzer in Water
alka-seltzer in 200 mL of water –
design a lab to make it dissolve faster
using whatever means you would like, so
long as you don’t add any other chemicals
and use 1 alka-seltzer and 200 mL H2O.
 One
 Write
a couple sentences explaining
factors that you used (or that you now
think that you should have used) in order
to speed up the dissolution rate.
Solubility
 The
amount of substance required to form
a saturated solution with a specific amount
of solvent at a specified temperature
 Grams
of solute per grams of solvent