HUMAN DISEASE
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubme
dhealth/s/diseases_and_conditions/a
/
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• Seeks to
– Understand human health and disease
– Use biotechnologies to prevent, diagnose,
treat/cure disease and its recurrence
HUMAN DISEASE
• Acute
– Structural such as gallstones
– Infectious such as pneumonia
• Chronic
– stable (stays the same)
– Progressive, gets worse and sometimes negatively
affects other areas of the body
– Some do both in different people
HUMAN DISEASE
• Genetic – Down’s syndrome
• Behavioral – smoking causes lung cancer
HUMAN DISEASE: Classified by
impacted organ, tissue or cellular system
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Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
Renal
Gastrointestinal
Liver and biliary system
Hematologic
Metabolic
Endocrine
HUMAN DISEASE: Classified by
impacted organ, tissue or cellular system
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Women’s and Men’s health
oncologic
Bone and bone mineral metabolism
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue
Neurologic
Infectious
Aging
Substance abuse
http://www.ivyrose.co.uk/Revise/AnatomyPhysiology/index.p
hp
http://www.nccpa.net/ExamsContentBPOrgans.
aspx
CASE STUDY HEPATITIS C VIRUS
• Infection of the liver leading to inflammation
• Some(15%) people recover from infection; most
become chronic carriers
• Most infections are asymptomatic for about 20 years
• Complicated disease process that progresses but not
in all patients
• Immune response and genome (HLA) impact
outcome
• Liver cancer
• Liver failure
NORMAL
FIBROTIC
CIRRHOTIC
CASE STUDY – DOWN SYNDROME
• Genetic defect – 3 copies of chromosome 21
occurs early in embryo development; = error
in cell division
• Identified prenatally
• Causes problems with the way the body and
brain develop
• Most common chromosomal defect
CASE STUDY – DOWN SYNDROME
• Mild to severe in terms of physical appearance
as well as mental and social development
• low muscle tone, small stature, an upward
slant to the eyes, and a single deep crease
across the center of the palm
CASE STUDY - BEHAVIORAL
• Lung cancer because of smoking
• Liver disease because of alcohol abuse
CASE STUDY – MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
• Acquired autoimmune disorder that lessens
transmission across neuromuscular junctions
weakening muscle responses
– Autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptor (AChR
)block binding of Ach
• Weakens voluntary skeletal or ocular muscles
• Loss of facial expression, muscle fatigue,
droopy eyelids
• Female to male ration = 6:4