THE URINARY SYSTEM
By; Aarynn M, Lauren Br, and
Becky D
Functions
• To remove certain salts and nitrogenous wastes
• Maintain normal concentrations of water and electrolytes
• Regulation of pH
• The volume of bodily fluids
• Along control of red blood cell production and blood pressure
management
Organs in the urinary system
• Kidneys
• Tubular ureters
• The urinary bladder
• Tubular urethra
The kidneys
• Structure
• Laterally convex
• Medially concave
• Hilum- ureter passes through
• Renal pelvis- at the superior end of ureter
• Pelvis divides twice
• 1. major calyces
• 2. minor calyes
Kidney function
• Help maintain homeostasis
• Balance ph
• Secrete hormones (aka renin & erythropoietin)
Renal blood vessels
aka
•Renal artery
hilum
interlobar
arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobar arteries
afferent
arterioles renal vein inferior
vena cava
nephrons
• Contain renal corpuscles and renal tubules
• Corpuscle is made of glomerulus
• Glomerular capsules surround glomerulus and receives fluid from
glomerulus filters
• proximal convoluted tubule becomes descending limb of nephron
loop which in turn becomes ascending limb of nephron loop and
turns into the distal convoluted tubule.
Urine
• Glomar filtration- plasma being filtered to create urine
• Nephrons have two capillary networks
• 1.filters fluid
• 2.tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
• Reabsorption moves fluid back into the blood
• Secretion moves substances from peritubular capillary into the
renal tubular.
• Waste and excess products leave the body
• These wastes = urine
Urine (2)
• Urine is roughly 95% water
• Composed of water and waste the kidneys must eliminate
• The other 5% of urine is usually urea and uric acid
• Urea- the byproduct of amino acid catabolism (is reabsorbed by filtration)
• Uric acid- product of metabolizing nucleic acids (requires active transport
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCQ-5iwTQvM
Urine excretion
• Made with in nephrons
• Passes through renal palpitate
• Goes to renal pelvis then ureters and urinary bladder
• Exists the body through the urethra
Diseases
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Causes
• Diabetes
• High Blood Pressure
• Treatments
• Medicines to lower blood pressure
• Control blood glucose
• Dialysis
• Kidney Transplantation
Diseases
• Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Autosomal dominant PKD
• Starts at the ages of 30-40
• Autosomal recessive PKD
• Begins in the womb or months following
birth
• Causes
• Genetic Disorder
• Symptoms
• Enlarged kidneys
• Headaches, urincary tract infections,
blood in urine , pain in the back and
lower sides
• Treatments
• There is no treatment for PKD
Work cited
• http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_Urinary_Syste
m
• http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/practical-2/deck/6343870
• http://anatomyforme.blogspot.com/2008/05/pathways-of-fluidflow-through-kidney.html
• http://www.ivyrose.co.uk/HumanBody/Urinary/Urinary_System_Nephron_Diagram
.php