Chapter 17 Key Terms
Alveoli
Trachea
Respiration
Glottis
Inspiration
Bronchioles
Partial Pressure
Thyroid Cartilage
Eustachian Tube
1
Larynx
Surfactant
Epiglottis
Pleural Cavity
Bronchi
Internal Respiration
Vocal folds
Nasal Septum
Nasopharynx
2
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 17: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
3
Respiratory System

Purpose
 Exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere
and the blood

C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP

Respiration
 The
overall exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood,
and cells
4
Respiratory Organs

Nose

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Lungs
5
The Nose

External nares (Nostrils)

Nasal cavity
 Divided
into left and right nasal cavities by nasal septum
 Anterior
portion has 3 functions
 Warm,
moisten, and filter air
 Olfactory
stimuli are detected
 Resonating
chambers (sinuses) help create speech sounds
6
The Nose

Nasal cavity
 Chonchae
 Nasal
cavity divided into passageways
 Superior

extend from cavity wall
meatus
 Middle
meatus
 Inferior
meatus
Chonchae and nasal cavity are lined with mucous membrane
 Traps
 Cilia
particles filtered by hairs
moves mucus to back of throat to be swallowed
7
The Nose

Olfactory receptors line the membrane of the superior meatus
 Olfactory
region

Goblet cells in the membrane secrete mucus

Mucus moistens air and traps particles

Capillaries in the membrane help warm the air
8
The Sinuses

Sinus
 Air

filled space inside bone
4 Sinuses
 Sphenoidal
 Frontal
 Ethmoidal
 Maxillary

Help reduce some of the weight of the head
9
Pharynx

Also called the throat

Lined with mucous membrane

Nasopharynx – posterior portion of nasal cavity
 Connected
 Connect
to the Eustachian tubes
to the middle ear (pressure control)

Oropharynx – passageway for air and food

Laryngopharynx – connection for the mouth and esophagus,
and the nose and trachea
10
Larynx

AKA voice box

Thyroid cartilage is most prominent feature (Adam’s apple)
 Moves

up and down when swallowing/talking
Epiglottis covers the glottis when swallowing
 Cough
reflex functions when anything other than air enters larynx

False vocal folds – close to keep food from entering lungs

Vocal folds – vibrate to produce speech

Trachea carries air from larynx to the bronchi
11
Bronchi

Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi

Trachea and bronchi contain incomplete rings of hyaline
cartilage

Bronchi branch into bronchioles
12
The Lungs

2 lungs enclosed in pleural membrane
 Parietal
pleura – attaches lung to wall of thoracic
cavity
 Visceral pleura – covers the lungs
 Pleural cavity – space between those two
membranes



Right lung has 3 lobes
Left lung has 2 lobes
Bronchioles contain alveoli
 Very
thin walls for diffusion (respiratory membrane)
13
14
The Respiration Process

Purpose
 Supply

cells with O2 and remove CO2
3 processes
 Ventilation/breathing
 Exchange
of gases between atmosphere and lungs
 Inspiration/inhalation
 External
respiration
 Exchange
 Internal
and expiration/exhalation
of gases between blood and lungs
respiration
 Exchange
of gases between blood and cells of the body
15
The Respiration Process

Diaphragm contracts  lungs expand, forcing air into lungs 
O2 and CO2 exchanged  diaphragm relaxes, forcing air out

Hemoglobin transports gases in blood

The pressure of a gas determines the rate it diffuses from one
area to another
 Partial
pressure = amount of pressure that gas contributes to the
total pressure
 Air
= 21% O2
 21%
x 760 mmHg = 159.6 mmHg
16