and
Kathy Gaitán and
Justin Johnson
(everything you wanted to know about grammar)
http://www.azargrammar.com/materials/index.html
What is the boy
going to do?
Kick the ball.
Why is it still on
the ground?
He hasn’t kicked it
yet.
CONTENTS
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
Review
Past participle
Present perfect with since and for
Negatives, questions, and short answer forms
Present perfect with unspecified time
Simple past vs. present perfect
Present perfect progressive
Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect
Past perfect
I
You
She, He, It
We
They
have
have
has
have
have
been here for a week.
STATEMENT: have / has + past participle
I had an angel fish
when I was a child.
I have had many other
fish since then.
SIMPLE PAST
(a) They completed the game at 4:00.
specific time
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) They have already completed the game.
unspecified time
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.
specific time
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I have been to Nigeria three times.
unspecified time
SIMPLE PAST
(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.
for
activity began & ended in past
PRESENT PERFECT
since
last Monday.
(f) Eli has been camping for
9 days.
for / since
activity began & continues
SPECIFIED OR
UNSPECIFIED TIME
We have been to Tokyo
many times.
UNSPECIFIED
PRESENT
PERFECT
?
SPECIFIED OR
UNSPECIFIED TIME
Barry has never been to Tokyo.
UNSPECIFIED
PRESENT
PERFECT
?
SPECIFIED OR
UNSPECIFIED TIME
Gina went to Tokyo
last month.
SPECIFIED
SIMPLE PAST
?
CONTENTS
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
Review
Past participle
Present perfect with since and for
Negatives, questions, and short answer forms
Present perfect with unspecified time
Simple past vs. present perfect
Present perfect progressive
Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect
Past perfect
Who have you _____
(know) since you were in
kindergarten?
How many times have you
______ (go) to the
bathroom today?
1-line up
2-fold the line in half
3-find a partner across from you
4-identify who is A & B
5-As ask their question, Bs respond
6-Bs ask question, As respond
7-Person at end of Line A moves to the front at
signal
8-Ask and answer questions with your new partner
9-This routine encourages use of target language
many times.
Themselves.
Who are they
looking at?
Theirselves.
Them.
Theirself.
Eachother.
http://www.azargrammar.com/materials/index.html
(Under Chapter 6 Nouns and Pronouns)
They can see themselves
in the water.
myself
yourself
herself
himself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
I can see myself in the water.
You saw yourself.
She saw herself.
He saw himself.
It saw itself.
We saw ourselves.
You saw yourselves.
They saw themselves.
subject & object are same person
Angela is lonely when she eats out by herself.
Sometimes I enjoy eating by myself.
by + reflexive pronoun = alone
Angela usually enjoys herself.
enjoy (and other verbs)
reflexive pronoun
pinch yourself
be proud of yourself
scratch yourself
blame yourself
teach yourself
help yourself
Instructions:
1 - Spin the pronoun spinner and
use the reflexive pronoun cards
to complete the sentence frames.
2 – Roll the dice and move
accordingly.
•
•
•
•
Verb Tenses
Adverbs of Frequency
Subject Pronouns
Your Choice
They would
get mad.
What would have
happened if some
people had been sitting
there?
They
gotten
mad.
Untrue in the Past
If I had had enough time, I would have watched
TV yesterday.
Did I have enough time? No but…
If I had had enough time
If clause= past perfect (had + past participle)
I would have watched TV yesterday.
Result clause=would have + past participle
If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you.
Did you tell me about the problem? Nope.
But….
If you had told me about the problem
If clause= past perfect (had + past participle)
I would have helped you.
Result clause=would have + past participle
Untrue in the Past
Checking for Understanding
If the weather had been good yesterday,
we would have cancelled the picnic.
a. Was the picnic cancelled? _______
b. Was the weather good? ______
Ann would have made it to class on time this morning if the
bus hadn’t been late.
a. Did Ann try to make it to class on time? _____
b. Did Ann make it to class on time? _____
c. Was the bus late? ____
If_____ had ____________
(pronoun)
(past participle)
_____would have __________
(pronoun)
(past participle)
• Explicitly teaching the forms is important
• English grammar is complicated so we should be aware of it’s complexities
• AZAR has many grammar lessons available
• Level 3s and 4s plateau partly because of the persistent errors we
practiced today
• Just teaching grammar isn’t the answer, attaching it to a purpose with
instructional routines can make the language stick
• Here are some resources to take back to your classes
• Lets make it fun!
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