Llegamos
advertisement
Español III Capítulo 4A el 22 de diciembre 2014 Realidades 4A ¡El Imperfecto! Realidades 2 META 1. A Primera Vista página 186 Página 187 Vocabulario Palabras importantes 2. VIDEOHISTORIA ¿Cómo era de niña? Realidades 2 páginas 188-189 3. Actividad 3 ¿Comprendiste? Página 189 4. a la pizarra What is the Imperfect Tense? What happened often. Repeated actions in the past... 5. AR verbs, Er and Ir verbs REGULAR Realidades 2 página 194 and on this Web Site 6. Irregular verbs in El Imperfecto- SER IR and VER Realidades 2 página 196 and on the website 7. Gramactiva Video on the Imperfect Tense and on Indirect Object Pronouns Remember - me te le nos os les 8. Videos from other students using the Imperfect Tense 1. El Imperfect: Part I In a previous lesson, you learned that the imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end. You also learned how to conjugate regular -ar verbs. In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate -er and -ir verbs, and become more familiar with the uses of the imperfect. To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following: aba abas aba ábamos abais aban To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following: ía ías ía íamos íais ían Here are all three regular imperfect verb forms together: hablar comer vivir hablaba comía vivía hablabas comías vivías hablaba comía vivía hablábamos comíamos vivíamos hablabais comíais vivíais hablaban comían vivían The imperfect is used for actions that were repeated habitually. Almorzábamos juntos todos los días. We would lunch together every day. Las señoras siempre charlaban por las mañanas. The ladies would always chat in the mornings. The imperfect is used for actions that "set the stage" for another action. Yo leía cuando entró mi papá. I was reading when my papa entered. (note that "entered" is preterite) The imperfect is used for telling time and stating one's age. Eran las siete de la noche. It was seven o'clock at night. La niña tenía cinco años. The little girl was five years old. The above examples all fall within our general rule for using the imperfect: EL IMPERFECTO Part I The imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed Something that was happening… Something that happened often… Imperfect: regular -er -ía -ías -ía -íamos -íais -ían comía, comías, comía, comíamos, comíais, comían Imperfect: regular -ir -ía -ías -ía -íamos -íais -ían vivía, vivías, vivía, vivíamos, vivíais, vivían More examples of the Imperfect Tense in Spanish Note that the yo and él forms are identical; if the context leaves ambiguity as to which person was doing the action, be sure to use the pronoun. Ir, ser, and ver are the only irregular verbs in the imperfecto. Ir - to go yo iba nosotros íbamos tú ibas vosotros ibais él iba ellos iban Ser - to be yo era nosotros éramos tú eras vosotros erais él era ellos eran Hablar - to talk Ver - to see yo veía nosotros veíamos tú veías vosotros veíais él veía ellos yo hablaba nosotros hablábamos tú hablabas vosotros hablabais él hablaba ellos hablaban veían Comer - to eat yo comía nosotros comíamos tú comías vosotros comíais él comía ellos comían Vivir - to live yo vivía nosotros vivíamos tú vivías vosotros vivíais él vivía ellos vivían El pretérito y el imperfecto: The usage of the preterite and the imperfect is one of the most difficult aspects of Spanish for an English-speaker. Essentially, both the preterite and the imperfect are past tenses, much as the way "he did" and "he was doing" both express past action in English. The deciding factor between the two tenses is a characteristic of verbs not frequently talked about in English: aspect. Every action has a beginning, a middle, and an end. When one wishes to focus on the middle of an action, the action is on-going, that is, nothing changes radically (which is not to say that nothing happens). For example, "he was eating" indicates the "middle" of the action of eating in the past. We don't know when he started to eat or when he finished (or even if he finished). We just know that at a certain time in the past, he was in the middle of eating. This focus on the middle of an action is called the imperfective aspect. Not surprisingly, it is associated with the imperfect tense in Spanish, for example: hablaba I was speaking viajábamos we used to travel estaban they were In each case, there is no notion that the action began or ended, only that at some point it was on-going. Notice, however, that English has three different, common ways to indicate the imperfect: the past progressive ("was speaking") to show that a single action continued, the "used to" construction to show that a series of separate actions continued, and the simple past, used particularly with verbs that show state of mind or body ("was," "thought," etc.) as ongoing in the past. If the imperfect is used to denote the middle of an action, the preterite is used to indicate the beginning or the end of an action. Sometimes it requires some thought to determine which part of the action is being described. For example, "The telephone rang at 8 last night" sounds like an action that is over and therefore we are describing the end of it. But the point of view is always some point in the past, in this case, at 8 last night. At that time, the telephone began to ring. It wasn't ringing at 7:59, but it very well might have rung until 8:01 or 8:02. When one says, "I shut the door," on the other hand, by the time one says that, the door is already shut; the action has been completed. There are many other ways to describe when one should use the imperfect or the preterite, but all of them are just different ways of describing the aspect of the verb in question. For example, one usually uses the imperfect to describe background (ongoing) actions and states, or something that was going on when another action interrupted. Likewise, the preterite is used to describe a series of discrete actions that occurred in sequence and then were over. Of course, there are always some uses that do not necessarily fit the rule, such as the fact that one always tells time in the imperfect ("era la una"), and there are even some verbs whose meaning (or at least whose translation) changes when one uses one tense or the other. Here are a few examples; note that the standard meaning is the one reflected by the imperfect: Verb Preterite Imperfect saber supe - "I found out" sabía - "I knew" conocer conocí - "I met" conocía - "I knew" querer quería - "I wanted" quise - "I tried" In short, to express what was happening, What happened many times-often..... use the IMPERFECTO in Spanish More Review of the Pretérito El Pretérito The Preterite tense is used to indicate a completed action in the past. something that was completed-finished in the past Verbos regulares -AR -é -aste -ó -amos -asteis -aron Verbos -er e -ir regulares -í -iste -ió -imos -isteis -ieron ______________________________________ Verbos irregulares IRREGULAR CASES IN PRETÉRITO Case I irregular below DAR Di Diste Dio dimos disteis dieron VER Vi Viste Vio Vimos Visteis Vieron Case II irregular Caer Caí Caíste Cayó Caímos Caísteis Cayeron. OIR Oí Oíste Oyó Oímos Oísteis Oyeron CREER Creí Creíste Creyó Creímos Creísteis Creyeron LEER Leí Leíste Leyó Leímos Leísteis leyeron Case II also has- All –uir verbs Construir Influir..... Construir Construí Construíste Construyó Construímos Construísteis Construyeron Case III SER AND IR Fui Fuiste Fue Fuimos Fuisteis Fueron Ser Fuí Fuiste Fué Fuimos Fuisteis Fueron JOTA group Case IV Jota group All –cir verbs take the “J” Decir Dije Dijste dijo dijimos dijisteis dijeron TRAER goes with the case IV verbs Traje Trajiste Trajo Trajimos Trajisteis Trajeron Case V ESTAR “V” group TENER Estar ESTUVE ESTUVISTE ESTUVO ESTUVIMOS ESTUVISTEIS ESTUVIERON ANDAR ANDUVE ANDUVISTE ANDUVO ANDUVIMOS ANDUVISTEIS ANDUVIERON ANDAR TENER TUVE TUVISTE TUVO TUVIMOS TUVISTEIS TUVIERON Case VI Los independientes Poner Puse Pusiste Puso Pusimos Pusisteis Pusieron Poder Pude Pudiste Pudo Pudimos Pudisteis Pudieron Venir Vine Viniste Vino Vinimos Vinisteis Vinieron Hacer Hice Hiciste Hizo Hicimos Hicisteis Hicieron Saber: to know a fact Not used in conversation In spoken Spanish it is used to mean “to have found out....!” Supe Supiste Supo Supimos Supisteis supieron knowing is a process Saber- In order to say that you “knew....something” you must use th eimperfect tense form of the verb Sabía Sabías Sabía Sabíamos Sabíais sabían Yo no sabía la respuesta. Querer - to want You can not use the preperite form of the verb QUERER since ¨wanting¨ implies an on going sense of desire...... In conversational Spanish you must use the Imperfect form of the conjugation to indicate “wanting...or wanted” Preterite form of the verb Quise Quisiste Quiso Quisimos Quisisteis Qusieron QUERER In spoken Spanish this means to have refused when the word NO comes before each conjugate. Yo no quise ir. I refused to go. No qusimos ir de compras.We refused to go shopping. No quise No quisiste No quiso Ni quisimos No quisisteis No quisieron To expres “I wanted, you wanted, he/she wanted....” you must use the imperfect form of the verb querer. Quería Querías Quería Queríamos Queríais Querían Yo quería estudiar en la biblioteca. I wanted to study in the library. Dormir Dormí Dormiste Durmió Dormimos Dormisteis Durmieron PEDIR Pedí Pediste Pidió Pedimos Pedisteis Pidieron Other e to i stem-changing verbs..... Servir reir pedir dormir sonrei......... ________________________________________ Case VIII -Car qué -Gar GUÉ -Zar CÉ in the yo form Tocar Toqué Tocaste Tocó Tocamos Tocasteis tocaron -GAR verbs LLEGAR Llegué Llegaste Llegó Llegamos Llegasteis llegaron -ZAR verbs Empezar Empecé Empezaste empezó Empezamos Empezasteis empezaron Indirect Object Pronouns Again in REVIEW! Don´t forget HOME JOURNALS 5 to 10 minutes - at least 5 minutes per nightOf current lesson in HOME JOURNALS!!! Monday-Friday !!! REVIEW THE VERBS IN THE VERB PACKET! TAREA Realidades 4A
