Peter J. Adams
School of Population Health
Wandering
Hobbit
CONSUMPTIONS
DANGEROUS
CONSUMPTIONS
books
plastic
surgery
ADDICTIVE
CONSUMPTIONS
opioids
LEGAL
ADDICTIVE
CONSUMPTIONS
alcohol
Tobacco
gambling
houses
pharma
clothes
cannabis
cocaine
fast
foods
movies
accepting
industry
money
HEAPS
ADDICTIVE
P
R
O
F
I
T
NON-ADDICTIVE
NOT MUCH
LOW
HIGH
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
Hard to resist
Money exchange
establishes
expectations &
obligations
Reinforced by
multiple exchanges



“I didn’t really see
that!”
“We’ve done so much
work already”
“Let’s just pretend”



“Maybe it’s not that
bad”
“Gambling has its
positive sides”
“Only a small number
have problems”



“Money is sitting
there”
“This funding will
save lives”
“If we don’t get it,
somebody else less
deserving will”



“Be realistic”
“To get things done
you need to make
some unpopular
choices”
“You have to be in
to win”



Messages favoured
my ambitions
Ethical perspective
minimised
Need an outside
reference point to
gauge my views
SIMPLE
TRANSACTION
FUNCTIONS
IN A WIDER
ARENA
LOW VIS
Tobacco
Alcohol
Gambling
Industries
POLICY
MAKERS
Lobbying
Public
& PR
communication
Politicians
companies
strategies
Relationship
Producer
building
& retail
activities
associations
Purposes: • Industry legitimate business
• Key player in vitality of the economy
• Long-term relationships with political actors



UK Chancellor, George
Osborne awarded “Beer
Drinker of the Year” (2013)
Source: http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/GeneralNews/Chancellor-George-Osborne-named-Beer-Drinker-of-theYear
U-Turn on minimum
unit pricing
BMJ study of infiltration
of UK parliament
400 MPs from both
houses of Parliament



Source: http://sciblogs.co.nz/griffins-
gadgets/2014/08/18/cash-for-comment-and-new-zealandsmod-squad/
Carrick Graham
PR lobbyist
Nicky Hager alleged he
was paid by alcohol to
engage Cameron Slater
in attack on Doug
Sellman
HIGH VIS
Tobacco
Alcohol
Gambling
Industries
POLICY
MAKERS
Health &
Corporate social
community
Public
responsibility
programs
consultation
Social aspects &
Media
public relations
coverage
organisations
Purposes: • Industry is a good corporate citizen
• Industry is handling the harms
• Individuals, not systems are responsible




How to Drink Properly
Source: https://www.drinkwise.org.au/
DrinkWise Australia
Industry funded
Do something visible
about harm from alcohol
Binge drinking, public
awareness, alcohol &
pregnancy, drink driving,
underage drinking
MOD VIS
Tobacco
Alcohol
Gambling
Industries
POLICY
MAKERS
Priority setting
processes
Researchers &
research
organizations
Funding &
commissioning
processes
Government
officials
Communication
& dissemination
Purposes: • Industry knows its own business
• Industry shapes the research agenda
• Credible pro-consumption knowledge base
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The handshake
The pilot project
The offer
Ongoing funding
Group membership
Policy
communication




Ernst Wynder (1923 –
1999)
Epidemiologist, in 1950
linked smoking to lung
cancer
Research funded by
Philip Morris 1961 – 1990
Opposed evidence for
passive smoking
Handshake: 1955 Philip Morris
contacted him
Pilot: 1961 small fund for 3 years
Offer: 1969 $50 mill in resources
Ongoing $: 1970s regular amounts
Membership: 1973 key in Philip
Morris stable
Policy Communicator: 1980s
spoke out about passive smoking



Source: Biblioteca Virtuals
Arthur Guerra de
Andrade
Industry funded at State
University of São Paulo
Heads SAPRO “Center
for Information on
Health & Alcohol”
(CISA)
Source: Biblioteca Virtuals
Handshake: 2002 AmBev invited
him into discussions
Pilot: Mid 2000s form CISA & few
public education projects
Offer: Accepted $ for research
Ongoing $: 90% from industry
Membership: Late 2000s on
international boards ICAP, ICAA
Policy Communicator: Advises
state & federal governments



Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhbmdyIlI7w
Howard Shaffer
Director, Division of
Addictions,
Cambridge Health
Alliance
Teaching affiliate of
Harvard Medical
School
Handshake: 1996 discussions with
American Gaming Association
Pilot: Accepted $140K
Offer: 2000 director of industryfunded Institute (IRPGRD)
Ongoing $: By 2008 $9 mill
Membership: Prominent
researcher internationally
Policy Communicator: Advises US
and other governments
Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhbmdyIlI7w
Gamblers &
Problem
Gamblers
T1
Gambling
Operators
T2
National
Centre for
Responsible
Gambling
T3
Other
Gambling
Researchers
T5
Division of
Addiction
(US$7)
T4
Institute for
Research on
Gambling
Disorders
GOVERNMENT
SECTOR
INDUSTRY
SECTOR
Political Chain
Politicians
Tobacco
Alcohol
Gambling
Companies
Public Good Chain
Knowledge Chain
Public
Consultation
Government
Officials
 Addictive consumption industries
 Industry services (lawyers, PR,
lobbyists, media, events ……)
 Governments (& their agencies)
 Politicians & their parties
 Health services
 Community groups, charities,
NGOs, sports,
 Researchers, universities…..

Supply control:


Limit community benefit funding
Demand reduction:
 Improved
information sources
 Product labelling

Problem limitation
 Assist
in ethical decision-making
2
1
Ethical
Risks
Contributory
Risks
3
Reputational
Risks
5
Relationship
Risks
4
Governance
Risks
1
Ethical
Risks
Exploiting Vulnerable
Groups
Benefiting from
Deprived & Addicted
Money Derived
From Harm
2
Contributory
Risk
Improving
Public Profile
Contributing to
Sales
Positive view of
Policy Makers
3
Reputational
Risks
Judgement of
Funders
Judgement of
Colleagues
Judgement of
Stakeholders
4
Governance
Risks
Perceived
Dependence
Creeping Funding
Reliance
Increasing Silence
& Compliance
5
Relationship
Risks
Conflict between
Sections
Conflict between
Colleagues
Silencing &
Leaving
Continuum of Moral Jeopardy
Intensity of Relationship
OIL
PHARMACEUTICALS
ALCOHOL
PORN
LOTTERIES
ARMAMENTS
POKIES
TOBACCO
Primary Concern
Moderate Risk
High Risk
Low Risk
Extremely
High Risk
Purpose
Extent
Relevant-harm
Identifiers
Link



Degree to which purposes
between funder and
recipient diverge
How do purposes match?
E.g. general practice
accepts funding support
from tobacco company



Degree to which the
recipient is reliant on this
source
What percentage of
funding?
E.g. Community service
unwilling to criticise when
alcohol income increases
from 5% to 10%


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Degree of harm
associated with this form
of consumption
Some products are less
harmful than others
E.g. researcher accepts
money from lotteries but
not pokies



Degree to which the
recipient is visibly
identified with the funder
Branding using names,
logos, advertising & other
promotional linkages
E.g. new laboratory with
sign acknowledging
brewery funding



Nature and directness of
the link between
recipient & funder
Use of mediating bodies
or contracts?
E.g. Earmarked alcohol
revenue channelled
through government
department
Purpose
Extent
Relevant-harm
Identifiers
Links
Group 1: A public health
researcher receiving funds
directly from a tobacco company
in a publicly visible way.
Group 2: A genetics project
receiving half its income directly
from a brewery
Group 3: Research equipment
funded partially from donations
from a pokie trust
Group 4: An addiction symposium
funded by a small grant from
lotteries
LOW
RISK
MOD
RISK
HIGH EXTR. H.
RISK
RISK
90-95% spend
dependent
smokers
50-70% spend
risky/addictive
drinkers
CONSOLIDATED
FUNDS
30-50% spend
problem
gamblers
PUBLIC
GOOD
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Emphasis on personal consumption
Emphasis on individual explanations (e.g.
biology)
Not linked to public health
No track record of reducing consumption
Convey impression of being serious about
harms
Involve compliant partners (unlikely to
criticize)
Class A (Curtail)
Tobacco, Armaments, Pokies, Alcohol
Class B (Manage)
Psychotropics, Lotteries, Fast Food
Class C (Monitor)
Pornography, Plastic Surgery, Oil
Learnt much from tobacco
 Easy to plug-in without realizing
wider consequences
 Promoting open dialogue about
sources is key
 Need ethical benchmarks &
codes of practice
