Henry Bessemer
Volta
Faraday
Pasteur
Industrial Revolution
• Industrial Revolution,
– widespread replacement of manual labor by
machines that began in Britain in the 1700s.
– Causes of the Industrial Revolution
• New farming methods
• New technology
Ch. 5 Sec. 1
Dawn of the Industrial Age
• Life before Industrialization
– People lived in simple homes
– Worked using hand tools
– Light
• Candles
– Clothes
• Made their own
– Food
• Grew their own
– Traveled
• by foot or horse
– Communicate
• Sent Messages or messenger
• Life after industrialization
• Towns turned to cities
• Machines began to do work
• Light
» Electricity
• Bought
» clothes and food
• Travel
• boat or train
• Communicate
» telegram
New Inventions
• Anesthetic
– Kills pain
• Sewing machine
• Tool to measure the speed of light
• Antiseptic
• Kills germs
New Farming Methods
• Lord Charles Townshend
• Urged farmers to grow turnips, because it replenished the soil
• Jethro Tull
• Invented the Seed Drill
– Helped farmers, because it planted seeds in a row
New Technology
• Energy
– Coal
• Used to power the steam engine
• Thomas Newcomen
– Invented the steam engine
• James Watt
– Improved Newcomen’s steam
engine
Steam Engine
Reasons why Britain led the way in Industry
Natural
Resources
Human
Resources
Technology
Britain Takes
The Lead
Political
Conditions
Social
Conditions
Economic
Conditions
Ch. 3 Sec 2
Britain Leads the way
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in
Britain?
1. Plenty of coal and iron
2. Large number of workers
3. Rapid population growth (5 mil to 9 mil in one
year)
1. Why?
1. More food = less famine
2. More medicine = less sickness, disease
4. Entrepreneurs took risks to start new
businesses
5. Increased Trade = more money
Continued
6. Stable government (constitutional
monarchy)
7. Strong navy
8. Britain was the center of the Scientific
Revolution
9. Skilled mechanics
The Age of Iron and Coal
10. Darby invented a new way
to produce iron.
1. Coal replaced wood to smelt iron
1. Made iron cheaper, but better.
Changes in the Textile Industry
Cotton
11. New inventions improve the British textile
(cloth) industry
1. Spinning jenny (spins cotton into cloth)
12. First factories are built
1. Machines were too large to be in homes
2. Factories were located near streams and
railroads
1. transportation
Spinning Jenny
Early Factory
Factory
Later Factory
Revolution in Transportation
9. Steam locomotive (train)
1. Faster and cheaper transport
10. Steamboats improved shipping
1. Faster and cheaper transport
1. Max speed was 5 mph
Locomotive
Steamboat
Reviewing key terms
11. Abraham Darby
1. He produced better quality and less expensive
iron
12. Richard Arkwright
1. Hard working entrepreneur who invented the
waterframe to speed up spinning cotton.
13. Factory
1. Places that brought together workers and
machines to produce large quantities of goods
14. Turnpike
1. Privately built roads that charge a fee to travelers
who used them
15. Robert Fulton
1. American who used James Watt’s steam engine
to power a boat that broke the speed record
1. 5 mph
Britain Cotton Trade--1850
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Industrial Revolution Pop Quiz
1. Name two differences between life before and
life after industrialization.
Before
After
Example: Communicate:
messenger
Example: Communicate:
by telegram or telegraph
1. Travel:
1. Travel:
2. Work:
2. Work:
2. Give one Reason why Britain led the way
in Industry
Britain Takes
The Lead
Pop quiz continued
3. Why were factories built and why were
they built near rivers and railroads?
4. What was the energy source that
powered the steam engine?
5. Who invented the seed drill and how did
it help farmers?
6. List the 2 factors that caused rapid
population growth.
A
H
I
F
G
C
J
E
D
B
Ch. 5 section 3
Hardships of Early Industrial life
1. What is a movement of people from the
countryside to the city? P 178
2. What led to the massive migration of people
from farms to cities? P 178
3. Who benefited most from the Industrial
Revolution? P 179
4. What social class was created because of the
Industrial Revolution? p179
5. Describe factory work during the beginning of
the Industrial Revolution. p180
6. Describe the tenement. (Be specific) P 180
7. What did the Luddites protest against? P 180
8. Why did employers prefer to hire women over
men? 181
9. If women were working in factories, who was
cleaning the home, cooking, and taking care of
the children? 181-182
10. Describe the conditions for Miners and factory
workers? 181
11. What happened to workers who got sick or
injured on the job? Why? 181
Test continued
12. Why were children hired to work in
factories and coal mines?
13. Describe working conditions for children
in the mines.
14. What were some benefits that the
working class gained as the Industrial
Revolution progressed?
1
5
6
4
7
2
3
Ch. 5 Section 4
New Ways of Thinking
•
California State Standard
10.3.6: Analyze the emergence of
Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism.
Ch 5 section 4
Vocabulary
• Capitalism
– Individuals own companies and are free to sell
goods at a price in order to make a profit
• This is the type of economy that the US has
• Laissez-Faire
– Hands-off policy in business. (operate without
govt. interference)
• Free Market
– Businesses are allowed to charge any price
they want.
Vocabulary cont.
• Socialism
– Together, people own and operate the means of
production. (businesses)
• Communism
– Last stage of socialism, where different social classes
no longer exist and the people own businesses
together.
• Bourgeoisie
– Middle class or business owners
• Proletariat
– Working class (factory workers, farm labor)
Capitalist
Communists
Laissez-faire Economists
Capitalists
Adam Smith
•Free Market competition
would cause lower prices
Thomas Malthus
David Ricardo
•Believed that
population growth
would cause
the poor to suffer
•Believed that the poor
could improve their
lives, if they had less
children
Adam Smith
Ch. 3 Section 4
New Ways of Thinking
• Adam Smith
– He believed in laissez-faire economics
– Laissez-Faire
• “Hands off” policy (no govt. interference)
• Free market (capitalism) would produce more
goods at lower prices.
– Do you agree?
– If you have a lot of something, (pencils) do you think they
would be expensive or in expensive?
» inexpensive, because the pencil company would
want to sell to get rid of them.
Thomas Malthus
Laissez-Faire
• Thomas Malthus
– Supported Laissez-Faire economics
– Feared that population would increase, but
that the food supply would not
• If there’s not enough food, then people die.
• Malthus also believed that WAR and Disease
would decrease the population
– Malthus’s solution to the increased population
• Urged families to have fewer children
– If not, then Poor families would suffer
David Ricardo
Laissez-Faire
• David Ricardo
– Supported laissez-faire
– Agreed with Malthus that the poor had too
many children
– Theory
• “iron law of wages”
– If wages are high, families had more children
• Problem
– Children increased supply of labor, which caused lower
wages and high unemployment
Utilitarianism
• Idea that the goal of
society should be
happiness for all
Jeremy Bentham
•Believed that laws
Should provide more
Pleasure than pain
John Stuart Mill
•Wanted the govt. to step
in and improve the lives of
the working class.
Jeremy Bentham
The Utilitarian
• Jeremy Bentham
– Believed in Utilitarianism;
• Idea that the goal of society should be happiness
for all
– Believed that laws should provide more
pleasure than pain
• Do you agree?
– He was ok with govt. interference as long as it helped
those with problems
John Stuart Mill
Utilitarian
• John Stuart Mill
– Strongly believed in individual freedoms
• Also ok with government interference
– Wanted working class and women to vote
– Against child labor
Socialist
Robert Owen
Karl Marx
•Utopian
•All work should be shared and
all property owned by the people
•Believed there was a struggle
between bourgeoisie and proletariat
•Believed the Proletariat would win
•Workers would control society and
everyone would be equal
Socialism
• Socialism
– People (public) own and operate businesses.
• Main reason for socialism
– Improve society and end the gap between the rich and
the poor
– Everyone would be equal
– There would be no crime, no government, no disease, no
sadness, no boredom
Robert Owen
The Utopians
• Robert Owen
– He was a Utopian
• Believed that all work should be shared and all
property owned by the people
• No difference between the poor and rich
• Fighting would stop
• End child labor
– He owned a factory and treated and paid his
employees well
Karl Marx
Scientific Socialism
• Karl Marx
– Disagreed with the Utopians (unreal)
– He saw the current problem as a class
struggle between employers and employees
• Employers were the “haves”
– Bourgeoisie, or Middle class
• Employees were the “have-nots”
– Proletariat or working class
– In the end, he believed the proletariat would
win
Karl Marx
• Marx hated capitalism, because it caused
happiness for a few and poverty for many
• He supported Communism
– Classless society where the people run and
own everything equally
Adam Smith
1. Who is a Socialist?
David Ricardo
Karl Marx
John Stuart Mill
Thomas Malthus
Jeremy Bentham
2. Which two are
Utilitarians?
•
•
•
•
Karl Marx
• John Stuart Mill
Adam Smith
• Thomas Malthus
Robert Owen
• David Ricardo
Jeremy Bentham
7
3
4
1
3. Name the three people
who supported
laissez-faire
economics.
2
6
5
4. Which two groups did Karl Marx believe
were against each other and who did he
believe would win?
5. What was today’s standard?
6. What was the goal of Utilitarianism?
7. Who believed that laws should bring
pleasure and not pain?
8. Who believed that the poor could improve
their lives if they had less children?
4. What is the difference between a conservative
and a liberal?
5. What do you consider yourself to be, a
conservative or liberal? Why?
6. Which of the following is a liberal?
George W. Bush
Mr. Dabbs
Karl Marx