Bell Ringer 11/3
• Describe what we did in class last Friday.
▫ What was the purpose of each station?
World History
Chapter 8 Section 4
Economic Expansion and Change
Objective
• Be able to identify important issues that brought
about the beginning of the end of the feudal
system.
An Agricultural Revolution
• Economic revolution was taking place between
1000-1300, or the High Middle ages
• Peasants adapted to new farming technology
▫ Increased productivity
 Iron plow vs. wood
 Horse harness vs. oxen
 Windmill vs. watermill to grind grain
• Clear forests and drain swamps to farm more
ground
• 3 field system
▫ Grain
▫ Legumes
 Peas or beans
▫ empty
Choral Response
• Iron _____ vs. wood
• ______ harness vs. oxen
• Windmill vs. watermill to _____ grain
Trade Revives
• Goods were needed in Europe
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Iron for farm tools
Wood
Furs
Spices
• Traders came back as wars subsided
▫ Armed caravans
• Routes went through Asia and the Middle East
The Route pg. 203
• Constantinople- merchants bought Chinese
silks, Byzantine gold jewelry, Asian spices
▫ Ship them to Venice via the Adriatic Sea
• From Venice, pack mules went north over the
Alps, up the Rhine River, into Flanders
• From Flanders, goods were taken to England
and areas along the Baltic Sea
• Trade fairs were started near rivers
▫ Peasants would trade goods and animals
▫ Rulers, nobles, and churchmen would trade for
wools, swords, sugar, and silks
• Merchants would close down the fairs in the fall,
and often stayed by a castle or a bishop’s palace
▫ People were attracted these areas to sell goods to
the merchants
• Revival of cities
▫ Small towns began to grow
 10,000 to 100,000
• North Italy and Flanders had the first cities
▫ Textile industries led to growth
• To begin, founding merchants would ask for a
charter
▫ Written document that set out rights and
privileges of the town
Write it down
• Rulers, _____, and churchmen would trade for
wools, ______, sugar, and silks
• Charter- Written document that set out ______
and _________ of the town
Money Reappears
▫ Capital lead to banking houses
 money
• Merchants began to form partnerships
▫ Pool money together for an investment too costly
for one person
• Insurance policy
▫ Small fee to underwriter would insure shipment
 If goods arrived small fee was only payment
 If shipment was lost, merchant got money back
• Bill of exchange
Social Changes
• Peasants would sell goods for money to pay off
money to lords
▫ Started bringing end to serfdome
 By 1300 most peasants were tenet farmers or
laborers
• In towns
▫ Old order: noblesclergypeasants
 1000- New class appeared with merchants and
traders
• Nobles and clergy despised the middle class
▫ Towns were disruptive
▫ Usury was immoral
 Lending money at interest
Guilds
• Associations
▫ Passed laws, levied taxes, decided what to make
 Paved roads, protective wall, town hall
• Guilds represented workers in certain
occupations
▫ Weavers, bakers, brewers, blacksmiths
• Disputes between craft guilds and merchant
guilds led to riots
Role of Guilds
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•
•
•
•
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Goal: protect economic interest
Made rules to ensure quality of goods
Regulated hours of labor
Regulated prices
Open schools and hospitals
Help widows and children of guild members
Write it down
• Guilds represented ______ in certain
occupations
• Opened ________ and _________
Membership
• Apprentice
▫ Age 7-14 spent with guild master
▫ Payment: room and board
▫ Rarely became guild master unless you were
related
• Most became salaried workers, or journeymen
▫ Arguments over fair pay
Women and guilds
• Usually worked in same trade as fathers and
husbands
▫ Could take over the shop if there was a death
• Girls would apprentice in ribbonmaking ,
papermaking, or even surgery
• Women dominated some guilds in areas like
Paris
Write it down
• Boys served as apprentices from ages ___ to
___
• Girls usually worked in same trade as _______
and _______
City Life
• Surrounded by high walls for protection
▫ Often became crowded
▫ Cities would build walls farther out
• Narrow streets with tall houses
▫ Busy streets during the day
▫ Deserted at night
• No garbage or sewer system
• Filthy, smelly, noisy, crowded
Assignment
• You have the rest of the period to complete a
worksheet
Plan for the Week
• Today: Section 4
• Tomorrow: Chapter 8 Review worksheet and
notes
• Wednesday: Review on Zondle
• Thursday: Chapter 8 Test
• Friday: Chapter 9 Vocabulary