Psychological Disorders
History
• Prehistoric: Holes in skulls
• Ancient Greeks & Romans: bio factors –
treatable
• Medieval: Superstition
• 1840’s Dorthea Dix – reforms
• 1960’s Deinstitutionalization
Criteria of Abnormal Behavior
• Maladaptive Behavior
• Deviance
• Personal Distress
• DSM – 5 lists disorders
Disorders
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Anxiety: Generalized, Panic, phobic
Obsessive – Compulsive
PTSD
Dissociative: Amnesia, Fugue, DID
Mood: Depression, Bipolar
Depression – Cognitive Factors
Schizophrenia
Disorders
• Somatic Symptoms
• Personality: Narcissistic, Antisocial
Explaining Psychological Disorders
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Medical Model: Abnormal behavior - disease
Psychoanalytic: unconscious conflict
Humanistic: self concept
Biological: genetics
Sociocultural: social ills
More Abnormal
• Rosenhan Study: influence of labels
• Insanity, Commitmment
Treatments
• Behavior: Systematic Desensitization
• Cognitive: Albert Ellis Rational Emotive
Behavior REBT, Aaron Beck Cognitive
• Humanistic: Client Centered
• Individual / Group
People
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Aaron Beck
Albert Ellis
Sigmund Freud
Mary Cover – Jones
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Joseph Wolpe
Social Psychology: Attribution Theory
• Explains how people determine the cause of
what they observe
• Personal Attribution: Disposition
• Situational Attribution
Attributions
• Internal Cause: I am responsible
• External Cause: Someone else, or
environment responsible
• Unstable Cause: temporary situation
• Stable Cause: permanent situation
Attributions
• Internal and Unstable: Effort, Mood, Fatigue
• Internal and Stable: Ability & Intelligence
• External and Unstable: Luck, Chance,
Opportunity *
• External and Stable: Task Difficulty
Bias in Attribution
• Fundamental Attribution Error: observer is
biased in favor of internal attributions toward
others behavior.
The bias: overestimate someone else’s behavior
is a result of personal qualities rather than
situational factors
Bias in Attribution
• Defensive Attribution: blame victims for their
misfortune
• Self Serving Bias: Take more credit for good
outcomes than for bad
Culture Attributions
• Individualism
• Collectivism
Groups
• Deindividuation: ( Zimbardo’s Stanford
Experiment )
• Group Think
• Group Polarization
• Conformity: Solomon Asch
• Obedience: Stanley Milgram Study
Groups
• Social Loafing
• In group / out of group
Attitude & Message
• Central Route: The Facts
• Peripheral Route: person presenting:
attraction, the famous
• One Sided – appeals to the uninformed
• Two Sided – appeals to the knoweledgable
Attitude
Leon Festinger:
Cognitive Dissonance: Attitude not in line with
one’s behavior
Richard La Pierre’s travel through the West Coast
with an Asian couple
Attitude: Persuasion
• Source
• Message
• Receiver
Presence of Others
• Individual
• Bystander Effect
• Social Facilitation
More Social
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Prejudice
Gender, Race, Ethnicity
Self Fulfilling Prophecy
Aggression
Attraction
Altruism