Biology 322
Human Anatomy I
Joints of the Skeletal System
Previously: Defined bones as organs of skeletal system
Also organs: joints (one or more types of tissues, all
serving a common function)
Joints:
1.
2.
Classified two ways:
Fibrous Joints:
Bones connected by
Depending on length of collagen fibers,
Fibrous Joints:
Three subtypes:
1.
Fibrous Joints:
Three subtypes:
2.
Fibrous Joints:
Three subtypes:
3.
Cartilagenous Joints:
Bones connected by
Depending on length of collagen fibers,
Cartilagenous Joints:
Two subtypes:
1.
Cartilagenous Joints:
Two subtypes:
2.
Synovial Joints:
Bones separated by
Synovial Joints:
Components:
Proximal bone with
articular cartilage
Distal bone with
articular cartilage
Articular capsule with:
Fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane
surrounding
Synovial cavity
Ligaments of dense irregular C.T.
Intrinsic = thickenings of fibrous capsule
Extracapsular = outside of fibrous capsule
Intracapsular = inside synovial cavity
Synovial Joints:
In knee, sternoclavicular, and
temporomandibular joints:
Also meniscus of fibrous cartilage
Synovial Joints:
Six types based on structure and type of motion:
Synovial Joints: Six types
1.
Synovial Joints: Six types
2.
Synovial Joints: Six types
3.
Synovial Joints: Six types
4.
Synovial Joints: Six types
5.
Synovial Joints: Six types
6.
Synovial joints stabilized by
a)
b)
Synovial joints stabilized by
c)
Synovial joints stabilized by
d)
Synovial joints stabilized by
Synovial joints often cushioned by
The following six specific synovial joints are described
in your textbook:
Jaw (Temporomandibular)
Shoulder (Humeroscapular)
Elbow (Humeroulnar, Humeroradial, Radioulnar)
Hip (Femorocoxal or Coxal)
Knee (Tibiofemoral)
Ankle (Talotibial, Talofibular)
On exams, you should be able to briefly but accurately
describe the structure of each of these joints, including all
major ligaments; and you should be able to describe the
actions for each
Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints:
Flexion and Extension
Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints:
Abduction and Adduction
Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints:
Rotation and Circumduction
Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints:
Protraction and Retraction
Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints:
Elevation and Depression
Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints:
Inversion and Eversion
Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints:
Opposition (and Reposition)